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FIGURES 43–48 in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico

FIGURES 43–48. Alaptus sp., head. 43, anterior; 44, posterior; 45, lateral; 46, dorsal; 47, ventral, 48, mouthparts. Scale bars=20 μm.

FIGURES 13–18 in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico

FIGURES 13–18. Acmopolynema sp., head. 13, anterior; 14, posterior; 15, lateral; 16, dorsal; 17, ventral; 18, mouthparts. Scale bars=50 μm.

FIGURES 55–60 in Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico

FIGURES 55–60. Alaptus sp., metasoma. 55, dorsal; 56, ventral; 57, lateral; 58, apex of gaster, male dorsal (genitalia exserted); 59, apex of gaster, male, lateral; 60, apex of gaster, male, ventral. Scale bars=20 μm.

FIGURES 11–12. 5 in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson

FIGURES 11–12. 5. Nonnus spp., lateral view of second metasomal tergite. 11. N. spurius Wahl & Bennett, holotype female; AEI photo voucher specimen #1074. 12. N. atratus Cresson, holotype female; ANSP.

FIGURES 7–8 in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson

FIGURES 7–8. Nonnus spurius Wahl & Bennett, lateral habitus. 7. Paratype male (Mexico: Durango); AEI photo voucher specimen #1073. 8. Paratype male (USA: Arizona); AEI photo voucher specimen #1068.

FIGURES 5–6. Nonnus spp., lateral habitus. 5. N in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson

FIGURES 5–6. Nonnus spp., lateral habitus. 5. N. barnesae Wahl & Bennett, paratype male (USA: Arizona); AEI photo vouch- er specimen #1069. 6. N. spurius Wahl & Bennett, holotype female; AEI photo voucher specimen #1074.

FIGURES 3–4 in First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson

FIGURES 3–4. Nonnus barnesae Wahl & Bennett, lateral habitus. 3. Holotype female; AEI photo voucher specimen #1075. 4. Paratype male (Mexico: Oaxaca); AEI photo voucher specimen #1076.

FIGURES 9–14 in Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from South America, with insights into the genus Mycomystes Gorham

FIGURES 9–14. Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov., male and female terminalia: (9–11) male paratype from Taim (Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil). (9) apophyses (apo), flagellum (fla), penis (pen); (10) dorsal view of anterior portion of flagellum, head of penile flagellum (head), arrow showing the membranous portion between virga and head segments; (11) tegmen; (12) genital capsule, sternite VIII and tergite VIII of a male paratype from Triunfo (Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil). (13–14) female genitalia of a paratype from Capão do Imbuia (Curitiba, Paraná, South Brazil). (14) arrows showing the elongate vagina. Scale bars: 9, 11 = 0.5 mm; 10, 14 = 0.1 mm; 12–13 = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 1–8 in Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from South America, with insights into the genus Mycomystes Gorham

FIGURES 1–8. Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov.: 1–4 holotype from Capão do Imbuia (Curitiba, Paraná, South Brazil). (1–3) habitus; (4) mouthparts, arrow showing the mentum. (5–8) mouthparts of a male paratype from Taim (Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil). (5) left mandible; (6) right mandible, arrow showing the teeth at the inner edge; (7) maxillary (mp) and labial palpomeres (lp); (8) mentum plate. Scale bars: 1–3 = 1 mm; 4 = 0.5 mm; 5–6, 8 = 0.1 mm; 7 = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) from South America, with insights into the genus Mycomystes Gorham

FIGURE 15. Geographical distribution of Mycomystes nigriventris sp. nov. in South and Southeast Brazil.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Smith RR, Short AEZ (2020) Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 934: 25-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359

Table S1. Pairwise uncorrected percentage similarity between ChasmogenusCOI sequences used in this study

FIGURES 7–10 in Suphisellus grossoi sp. n., a new burrowing water beetle from South America and notes on S. flavolineatus (Régimbart, 1889) and S. grammicus (Sharp, 1882) (Coleoptera: Noteridae)

FIGURES 7–10. Male genitalia of Suphisellus grossoi sp. n.: (7) Apex of segment IX, right lateral aspect; (8) Left lateral lobe, right lateral aspect; (9) Right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect; (10) Median lobe, right lateral aspect. Scale bars = 0.05 mm for Fig. 7 and 0.25 mm for Figs 8–10.

FIGURES 18–21 in Suphisellus grossoi sp. n., a new burrowing water beetle from South America and notes on S. flavolineatus (Régimbart, 1889) and S. grammicus (Sharp, 1882) (Coleoptera: Noteridae)

FIGURES 18–21. Male genitalia of S. flavolineatus, lectotype of S. melzeri Zimmermann, 1925. (18) Segment IX, right lateral aspect; (19) Left lateral lobe, right lateral aspect; (20) Right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect; (21) Median lobe, right lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Photographs provided by Ditta Amran Balke, ZSM.

FIGURES 4–6 in Suphisellus grossoi sp. n., a new burrowing water beetle from South America and notes on S. flavolineatus (Régimbart, 1889) and S. grammicus (Sharp, 1882) (Coleoptera: Noteridae)

FIGURES 4–6. Prosternum of male of Suphisellus species, ventral aspect: (4) S. grossoi sp. n.; (5) S. grammicus; (6) S. flavolineatus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

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Formation binning: a new method for increased temporal resolution in regional studies, applied to the Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record of North America

<p>The advent of palaeontological occurrence databases has allowed for detailed reconstruction and analyses of species richness through deep time. While a substantial literature has evolved ensuring that taxa are fairly counted within and between different time periods, how time itself is divided has received less attention. Stage-level or equal-interval age bins have been frequently used for regional and global studies in vertebrate palaeontology. However, when assessing diversity at a regional scale, these resolutions can prove inappropriate with the available data. Herein, we propose a new method of binning geological time for regional studies that intrinsically incorporates the chronostratigraphic heterogeneity of different rock formations to generate unique stratigraphic bins. We use this method to investigate the diversity dynamics of dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America prior to the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction. Increased resolution through formation binning pinpoints the Maastrichtian diversity decline to between 68–66 Ma, coinciding with the retreat of the Western Interior Seaway. Diversity curves are shown to exhibit volatile patterns using different binning methods, supporting claims that heterogeneous biases in this time-frame affect the pre-extinction palaeobiological record. We also show that apparent high endemicity of dinosaurs in the Campanian is a result of non-contemporaneous geological units within large time bins. This study helps to illustrate the utility of high-resolution, regional studies to supplement our understanding of factors governing global diversity in deep time and ultimately how geology is inherently tied to our understanding of past changes in species richness.</p>

FIGURE 76 in Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

FIGURE 76. Corythalia spp., photographic images of vulvae, dorsal view. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: A Holotype and B Paratype SMNK-ARA 13420 from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia parva: C Paralectotype from Brazil. Corythalia placata: D Lectotype from Trinidad. Corythalia argentinensis: E Paratype MACN 5076 from Misiones, Argentina. Corythalia verhaaghi sp. nov.: F Holotype from Ceará, Brazil. Corythalia luctuosa: G Female SMNK-ARA 14035 from Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana. Corythalia circumflexa: H Lectotype from Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Corythalia scutellaris Bayer, sp. nov.: I Paratype F-2 from south-eastern part of Ecuador.

FIGURE 71 in Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

FIGURE 71. Corythalia spp., photographic images of epigynes, ventral view. Corythalia latipes: A Female F-1, IBSP 35165-II, from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia conferta sp. nov.: B Holotype from São Paulo, Brazil. Corythalia concinna sp. nov.: C Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia noda: D Holotype from Cuzco, Peru. Corythalia drepane sp. nov.: Paratypes E SMNK- ARA 02321 and F SMNK-ARA 02327 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia drepanopsis sp. nov.: G Holotype, H paratype F-2, I paratype F-3 from Acre, Brazil.

FIGURE 69 in Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

FIGURE 69. Corythalia spp., photographic images of left palps of male specimens, retrolateral view. Corythalia cincta: A Holotype from Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Corythalia scutellaris Bayer, sp. nov.: B Holotype from south-eastern part of Ecuador. Corythalia waleckii: C Syntype MIZ 225794 from Cayenne, French Guiana. Corythalia tropica: D Holotype from Falcon, Venezuela. Corythalia foelixi Bayer, sp. nov.: E Holotype from Cayenne, French Guiana. Corythalia fulgipedia: F Male AMNH-IZC 00327329 from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia electa: G Lectotype from Colombia. Corythalia chalcea: H Male AMNH-IZC 00327893 from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia metallica: I Holotype from St. Vincent Island. Corythalia blanda: J Paralectotype M-1 from Trinidad. Corythalia xanthopa: K Male M-2, AMNH-IZC 00326903, from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia latior sp. nov.: L Holotype from Beni, Bolivia.

FIGURE 74 in Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

FIGURE 74. Corythalia spp., photographic images of epigynes, ventral view. Corythalia blanda: A Lectotype from Trinidad. Corythalia xanthopa: B Female F-2, AMNH-IZC 00326903, from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia valida: C Paralectotype F-2 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia fragilis sp. nov.: D Holotype, E Paratype SMNK-ARA 02233 and F Paratype SMNK-ARA 02229 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia opima: G Paralectotype from eastern part of Guatemala. Corythalia spiralis: H Female FR-973-00111 from St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana.

FIGURE 64 in Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

FIGURE 64. Corythalia spp., photographic images of left palps of male specimens, ventral view. Corythalia latipes: A Neotype from Bahia, Brazil. Corythalia conferta sp. nov.: Paratypes from São Paulo (B M-9, IBSP 33503; C M-4, IBSP 53033) and Mato Grosso do Sul (D M-6, IBSP 53374), Brazil. Corythalia drepane sp. nov.: E Holotype and F Paratype SMNK-ARA 02326 (in this specimen bulb expanded; thus basal and distal haematodocha recognisable) from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia antepagmenti sp. nov.: G Paratype from Acre, Brazil. Corythalia ricti Bayer, sp. nov.: H Holotype from East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana. Corythalia parva: I Lectotype from Brazil. Corythalia protensa sp. nov.: J Holotype and K paratype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia placata: L Male MCZ 20545-II (Paralectotype of Dynamius blandus) from Trinidad.