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FIGURE 7. Zoosphaerium bemanevika n in Two new giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium endemic to the Bemanevika area in northern Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)

FIGURE 7. Zoosphaerium bemanevika n. sp., holotype (FMNH-INS 2858686 - C), endotergum of mid-body tergite, SEM, A: ventral view; B: bristles on apical margin.

FIGURE 8. Zoosphaerium minutus n in Two new giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium endemic to the Bemanevika area in northern Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)

FIGURE 8. Zoosphaerium minutus n. sp., holotype (FMNH-INS 2858686 - A); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9 th left leg; C coxa of second left leg with gonopore; D: left anterior telopod, anterior view; E: left anterior telopod, posterior view; F: left anterior telopod, lateral view G: left posterior telopod, posterior view; H: left posterior telopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cl = claw; cr-t = crenulated teeth; cx = coxa; fe = femur; gp = gonopore; pof = postfemur; pref = prefemur; s-ps = field of sclerotized spots; sr = stridulation ribs; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; vs = ventral spines. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5. Zoosphaerium bemanevika n in Two new giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium endemic to the Bemanevika area in northern Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)

FIGURE 5. Zoosphaerium bemanevika n. sp., holotype (FMNH-INS 2858686 - C), left antenna, SEM, A: lateral view; B: sensilla basiconica on 1 st antennomere; C: apical disc with sensory cones. Abbreviations: aD = apical disc; sb = sensilla basiconica.

Fig. 6 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrograph of Proteocephalus demshini n. sp. from Barbatula toni, Russia (A, C, D, F) and Proteocephalus misgurni n. sp. from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Russia (B, E, G, H). A, B — dorsoventral view, C — apical view, D — lateral view, E — subapical view, F — acicular filitriches and gladiate spinitriches on internal rim of suckers, G — acicular filitriches between suckers, H — gladiate spinitriches on neck region. Small letters in A and B indicate position of microtriches on F – H).

Fig. 5. Proteocephalus misgurni n in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 5. Proteocephalus misgurni n. sp. from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. A. Holotype, total view, ventrally (host field No. RUS 77; MHNG-PLAT 79136). B. Eggs drawn in distilled water (host field No. RUS 93; MHNG-PLAT 79140). C. Paratype 1, scolex (host field No. RUS 100; MHNG-PLAT 79142); note the proliferation zone widened anteriorly. D. Paratype 2, detail of terminal genitalia, dorsal view (host field No. RUS 75; MHNG-PLAT 79135); uterus not illustrated. E. Holotype, mature proglottid, ventral view (host field No. RUS 77; MHNG-PLAT 79136); uterus not illustrated.

Fig. 4. Proteocephalus demshini n in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 4. Proteocephalus demshini n. sp. from Barbatula toni, Russia. A. Scolex (host field No. RUS 195; IPCAS C- 727). B. Mature proglottid, ventral view (host field No. RUS 191; IPCAS C- 727); uterus not illustrated. C. Detail of terminal genitalia, ventral view (host field No. RUS 192; MHNG-PLAT 79149). D. Eggs drawn in distilled water (host field No. RUS 190; IPCAS C- 727).

Fig. 2 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 2. Proteocephalus sagittus (Grimm, 1872) from Barbatula barbatula, Czech Republic (IPCAS C- 33 / 1). A. Scolex. B. Mature proglottid. Abbreviations (for all figures): cc = chromophilic cells; ci = cirrus; cp = pars copulatrix vaginae; cs = cirrus-sac; doc = dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du = uterine diverticles; eh = embryonic hooks; em = bilayered embryophore; ga = genital atrium; gc = glandular cells, probably of exocrine type; lm = internal longitudinal musculature; ln = longitudinal lateral nerves; Mg = Mehlis' gland; oe = outer envelope; on = oncosphere; oo = oocapt; ov = ovary; sc = subtegumental cells; sd = sperm duct (vas deferens); st = subtegumental muscle fibres; te = testes; tg = tegument; ud = uterine ducts; us = uterine stem; ut = uterus; vc = vaginal canal; vd = vitelloduct; vf = vitelline follicles; voc = ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs = vaginal sphincter.

Fig. 3. Proteocephalus midoriensis Shimazu, 1990 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 3. Proteocephalus midoriensis Shimazu, 1990 from Lefua echigonia, Japan (IPCAS C- 362 / 1) (A, C – E) and from Lefua costata, Russia (" Proteocephalus sp. n. " of N. I. Demshin; not accessioned) (B). A, B. Scoleces. C. Mature proglottid, dorsal view, note vitelline follicles overpassing the ovary ventrally; uterus not illustrated. D. Detail of the posterior part of the proglottid, ventral view. E. Detail of terminal genitalia, ventral view.

Fig. 1 in Proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) of loaches (Cobitoidea): Evidence for monophyly and high endemism of parasites in the Far East

Fig. 1. Bayesian analysis of the concatenated 4 - gene alignment (ssrDNA, lsrDNA, rrnL, cox 1) constructed using MrBayes 3.2. 1 using the GTR + I + G (ssrDNA, rrnL, cox 1) and GTR + I (lsrDNA) models of nucleotide evolution. The analysis was run for 10 million generations; 7 million generations were discarded as burn-in. Posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap values (obtained using GARLI) are shown above and below branches, respectively. All nodes with <0.95 posterior probabilities have been collapsed. The branchlength scale indicates number of substitutions per site.

FIGURE 12 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 12. Map showing distribution of C. guenteri, C. hazardi, and C. taylori in relation to each other. Red circles = C. guenteri; Green circles = C. hazardi; Blue circles = C. taylori. Basin background shading reflects the species found within the watershed, except for the Upper Kentucky, where two of the species are found. Red = C. guenteri; Green = C. hazardi; Blue = C. taylori. Map generated using Google MyMaps.

FIGURE 6 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 6. Cambarus hazardi, new species; all from holotype male, Form I (NCSM 27212), except E and F from morphotype male, Form II (NCSM 27214), and I from allotype female (NCSM 27213): A. lateral aspect of carapace; B–D. mesial and lateral aspect of Form I male gonopod respectively; E–F. mesial and lateral aspect of Form II gonopod respectively; G. ventral aspect of epistome; H. dorsal aspect of dorsal carapace; I. ventral aspect of the annulus ventralis; J. dorsal aspect of the antennal scale; K. dorsal aspect of the distal podomere of the left cheliped. Plate by Guenter Schuster.

FIGURE 5 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 5. Map showing the distribution of Cambarus guenteri, new species, in the Kentucky River basin. Red circles indicate sampling localities where the species was detected. Red circle with star indicates the type locality. Gray shaded polygons indicate the different river sub-basins discussed in the text. Colored lines indicate stream order (Strahler 1957). Map inset abbreviations: LKy = Lower Kentucky River, UKy = Upper Kentucky River, SF = South Fork Kentucky River. Map generated using Google MyMaps.

FIGURE 3 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 3. Cambarus guenteri, new species; all from holotype male, Form I (NCSM 27206), except E and F from morphotype male, Form II (NCSM 27208), and I from allotype female (NCSM 27207): A. lateral aspect of carapace; B–D. mesial and lateral aspect of Form I male gonopod respectively; E–F. mesial and lateral aspect of Form II gonopod respectively; G. ventral aspect of epistome; H. dorsal aspect of dorsal carapace; I. ventral aspect of the annulus ventralis; J. dorsal aspect of the antennal scale; K. dorsal aspect of the distal podomere of the right cheliped. Plate by Guenter Shuster.

FIGURE 1 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 1. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination plot showing morphometric variation among crayfish specimens (stress = 0.081; Non-metric fit R2 = 0.993; linear fit R2 = 0.974). Each number represents an individual specimen and the relative distance between two points represents the similarity (or dissimilarity).

FIGURE 9 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 9. Cambarus taylori, new species; all from holotype male, Form I (NCSM 27209), except E and F from morphotype male, Form II (NCSM 27211), and I from allotype female (NCSM 27210): A. lateral aspect of carapace; B–D. mesial and lateral aspect of Form I male gonopod respectively; E–F. mesial and lateral aspect of Form II gonopod respectively; G. ventral aspect of epistome; H. dorsal aspect of dorsal carapace; I. ventral aspect of the annulus ventralis; J. dorsal aspect of the antennal scale; K. dorsal aspect of the distal podomere of the left cheliped. Plate by Guenter Schuster.

FIGURE 11 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 11. Map showing the distribution of Cambarus taylori, new species, in the Middle Fork Kentucky River basin. Blue circles indicate sampling localities where the species was detected. Blue circle with star indicates the type locality. Gray shaded polygons indicate the different river sub-basins discussed in the text. Colored lines indicate stream order (Strahler 1957). Map generated using Google MyMaps.

FIGURE 2 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree generated from the COI dataset using MrBayes with the HKY+I+G model of sequence evolution. Numbers in bold at the nodes of the tree indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities, while bootstrap values from the RAxML maximum likelihood tree are indicated in bold italics.

FIGURE 8 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 8. Map showing the distribution of Cambarus hazardi, new species, in the Kentucky and Licking river basins. Green circles indicate sampling localities where the species was detected. Green circle with star indicates the type locality. Gray shaded polygons indicate the different river sub-basins discussed in the text. Colored lines indicate stream order (Strahler 1957). Map inset abbreviations: LKy = Lower Kentucky River, UKy = Upper Kentucky River, SF = South Fork Kentucky River, MF = Middle Fork Kentucky River, NF = North Fork Kentucky River, SL = South Fork Licking River, LR = Licking River. Map generated using Google MyMaps.

FIGURE 4 in A newly recognised Australian endemic species of Austrolecanium Gullan & Hodgson 1998 (Hemiptera: Coccidae) from Queensland

FIGURE 4. Adult female of Austrolecanium cryptocaryae Lin & Cook, sp. n. A: marginal seta; B: dorsal microductule; C: dorsal seta; D: preopercular pore; E: anal plate and anogenital fold; F: anal ring; G: pregenital disc-pore; H: leg; I: stigmatic area; J: ventral microduct; K: ventral seta; L: spiracular disc-pore; M: antenna. The scale lines against each structure are: E, F, H, I and M = 100 Μm; A, B and K = 10 Μm; C, D, G, J and L = 5 Μm.

FIGURE 3 in A newly recognised Australian endemic species of Austrolecanium Gullan & Hodgson 1998 (Hemiptera: Coccidae) from Queensland

FIGURE 3. The Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) tree from analysis of the concatenated dataset (2429 bp). The tree was rooted using sequences from Coccus hesperidum. Branch support is indicated on internal branches (MP bootstrap/Bayesian posterior probability). Only bootstrap values ± 70% and posterior probabilities ± 0.95 are shown. The coloured squares under branches indicate that the branch was present in analyses of that gene. Abbreviations as per Table 1.