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FIGURE 14 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 14. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, metasoma, lateral view. A, B. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). B. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C, D. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. C. Male holotype (MUSENUVAr 2104). D. Female paratype (ICN-1402). Scale bars= 5 mm.
FIGURE 12 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 12. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, metasoma, dorsal view. A, B. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). B. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C, D. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. C. Male holotype (MUSENUVAr 2104). D. Female paratype (ICN-1402). Scale bars= 5 mm.
FIGURE 11 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 11. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, hemispermatophore. A–C. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843) (MUSENUVAr 438). A. Posterior view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D–F. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). D. Posterior view. E. Lateral view. F. Ventral view. Abbreviations= B, body; Bl, basal lobe; El, external lobe; F, flagellum; Fo, foot; iL, internal lobe; Pref, pars reflexa; Prec, pars recta. Scale bars= 2 mm. Scale bars= 2 mm.
FIGURE 9 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 9. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, pectinal area. A, B. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A. Male (MUSENUVAr 438). B. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C, D. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. C. Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). D. Female paratype (ICN-1402).
FIGURE 10 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 10. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, sternites IV–VII. A, B. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). B. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C, D. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. C. Male holotype (MUSENUVAr 2104). D. Female paratype (ICN-1402).
FIGURE 4 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 4. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, carapace sculpturing, dorsal aspect. A, B. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). B. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C, D. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. C. Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). D. Female paratype (ICN-1402). Scale bars= 2.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 3. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov., habitus. A, B. Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C, D. Female paratype (ICN-1402). C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bar= 15 mm.
FIGURE 2 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 2. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843), habitus. A, B. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C, D. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bar= 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Tityus species inferred from a combined dataset of 28S and COI sequences. The topology is recovered from the IQ-TREE analysis. Squares at nodes indicate the Shimodaira–Hasegawa approximate likelihood-ratio test (left), the ultrafast bootstrap (middle) and the parsimony bootstrap (right). All sequences obtained in this study are in bold.
FIGURE 8 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 8. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, male chela sculpturing. A–C. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843) (MUSENUVAr 438). A. External view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. D–F. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). D. External view. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. Scale bars= 3 mm.
FIGURE 6 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 6. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, patella sculpturing. A–D. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A, B. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C, D. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. E, F. Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G, H. Female paratype (ICN-1402). G. Dorsal view. H. Ventral view. Scale bars= 2 mm.
FIGURE 5 in On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
FIGURE 5. Tityus (Atreus) Gervais, 1843, femur sculpturing. A–D. Tityus (Atreus) forcipula (Gervais, 1843). A, B. Male (MUSENUV-Ar 438). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C, D. Female (MUSENUV-Ar 436). C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Tityus (Atreus) moralensis sp. nov. E, F. Male holotype (MUSENUV-Ar 2104). E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. G, H. Female paratype (ICN-1402). G. Dorsal view. H. Ventral view. Scale bars= 2 mm.
Figure 2 in Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 2. Post-pachytene cells of Gint species after Giemsa staining (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O) and FISH with 18S rDNA (red signals) (B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P). A, B, G. banfasae cytotype I (2 n = 18 – 7II + IV). C, D, G. banfasae cytotype II (2n= 18 – 6II + VI). E, F, G. banfasae cytotype III (2n = 19 – 5II + III + VI). G, H, G. dabakalo cytotype I (2n = 23 – 9II + V). I, J, G. dabakalo cytotype II (2n = 24 – 8II + III + V). K, L, G. dabakalo cytotype III (2n = 27 – 8II + 2III + V). M, N, G. gaitako (2n = 30 – 13II + IV). O, P, G. maidensis (2n = 34). Abbreviations: II, bivalent; III, trivalent; IV, quadrivalent; V, pentavalent; VI, hexavalent. Arrowheads indicate the position of 18S rDNA. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Figure 7 in Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 7. Types of meiotic multivalent associations in Gint spp. with schemes of hypothesized intra- or interchromosomal rearrangements leading to observed multivalent formation.A,G. dabakalo – a trivalent arising from fission of the chromosome. B, G. dabakalo – a pentavalent originating from three independent fusion events. C, G. gaitako – a quadrivalent resulting from reciprocal translocation. D, G. banfasae – a quadrivalent as a result of reciprocal translocation. E, G. banfasae – a hexavalent arising through two independent events: (1) a fission of chromosome 1 involved in quadrivalent; (2) subsequent fusion of an emerging chromosome fragment with another chromosome. F, G. amoudensis – a quadrivalent arising from the reciprocal translocation. G, G. amoudensis – a hexavalent originated from the reciprocal translocation of the chromosome involved in the quadrivalent and another chromosome.
Figure 6 in Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 6. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses based on the Bayesian tree from this study, depicting: A, number of chromosomes; B, position of 18S rDNA. Results of maximum parsimony analysis reconstructing ancestral states for both cytogenetic characters are visualized by colours of the circles. Arrowheads indicate hypothetical inversion on 18S rDNAbearing chromosomes.
Figure 5 in Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 5. Bayesian tree of the Gint species based on the concatenated data set (16S and COI), complemented with summarized cytogenetic data of the species studied. Numbers above branches correspond to values for highly supported nodes as follows: Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP)> 0.95/maximum likelihood bootstrap> 70%. Specimen IDs depicted in bold indicate individuals based on chromosome counts determined for the corresponding Gint species in previous studies (see: Kovařík et al., 2013; Kovařík & Mazuch, 2015; Kovařík et al., 2018). Abbreviations: cyt, cytotype; 2n, diploid number of chromosomes; II, bivalent; III, trivalent; IV, quadrivalent; V, pentavalent; VI, hexavalent.
Figure 3 in Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 3. Post-pachytene cells of Gint amoudensis and G. gubanensis after Giemsa staining (A, C, E, G, I) and FISH with 18S rDNA (red signals) (B, D, F, H, J). A, B, G. amoudensis cytotype I (2n = 36 – 16II + IV). C, D, G. amoudensis cytotype II (2n = 35 – 14II + III + IV). E, F, G. amoudensis cytotype III (2n = 36 – 15II + VI). G, H, G. amoudensis cytotype IV (2n = 35 – 13II + III + VI). I, J, G. gubanensis (2n = 45 – 21II + III). Abbreviations: II, bivalent; III, trivalent; IV, quadrivalent; VI, hexavalent. Arrowheads indicate the position of 18S rDNA. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Figure 4 in Tracking the trends of karyotype differentiation in the phylogenetic context of Gint, a scorpion genus endemic to the Horn of Africa (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 4. Post-pachytene cells of Gint species after FISH with (TTAGG)n telomeric probe (red signal). A, G. banfasae cytotype III (2n = 19 – 5II + III + VI). B, G. dabakalo cytotype II (2n = 24 – 8II + III + V). C, G. gaitako (2n = 30 – 13II + IV). D, G. maidensis (2n = 34 – 17II). E, G. amoudensis cytotype IV (2n = 35 – 13II + III + VI). F, G. gubanensis (2n = 45 – 21II + III). Abbreviations: II, bivalent; III, trivalent; IV, quadrivalent; V, pentavalent; VI, hexavalent. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Scorpion Mace Head, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
Portion fo the Scorpion mace head which was found as part of the "Main Deposit" at Hierakonpolis. The carving depicts King Scorpion performing the ceramonial opening of an irrigation canal. Late Predynastic/Early Dynastic. In the collecitons of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England (AN1896-1908 E.3632). Created from 51 photographs (Canon EOS Rebel T5i) using Metashape 1.6.1. Photographed in January 2018. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIG. 51 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)
FIG. 51. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), 2 ♀ (AMNH), habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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OpenNeuro
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