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13,017 results for “Positionning”
Data from: Increasing temperature weakens the positive effect of genetic diversity on population growth
Genetic diversity and temperature increases associated with global climate change are known to independently influence population growth and extinction risk. Whether increasing temperature may influence the effect of genetic diversity on population growth, however, is not known. We address this issue in the model protist system Tetrahymena thermophila. We test the hypothesis that at temperatures closer to the species' thermal optimum (i.e., the temperature at which population growth is maximal, or Topt), genetic diversity should have a weaker effect on population growth compared to temperatures away from the thermal optimum. To do so, we grew populations of T. thermophila with varying levels of genetic diversity at increasingly warmer temperatures and quantified their intrinsic population growth rate, r. We found that genetic diversity increases population growth at cooler temperatures, but that as temperature increases, this effect weakens. We also show that a combination of changes in the amount of expressed genetic diversity (G), plastic changes in population growth across temperatures (E), and strong GxE interactions, underlie this temperature effect. Our results uncover important but largely overlooked temperature effects that have implications for the management of small populations with depauperate genetic stocks in an increasingly warming world. --
FIGURE. Map of the region and sampling area showing the relative position of Livingston Island to Antarctic Peninsula (A), and the main sampling locations (B): 1—Hannah Point, 2—Mongolian (Reserve) Port, 3—Caleta Argentina. Map outlines are based on OpenStreetMap© contributors (www.openstreetmap.org), edited and arranged using Adobe Illustrator© and Adobe Photoshop®. Scale bars = 35 km (A); 2 km (B). in The genus Craspedostauros E.J.Cox (Bacillariophyta) on the coasts of Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica
FIGURE. Map of the region and sampling area showing the relative position of Livingston Island to Antarctic Peninsula (A), and the main sampling locations (B): 1—Hannah Point, 2—Mongolian (Reserve) Port, 3—Caleta Argentina. Map outlines are based on OpenStreetMap© contributors (www.openstreetmap.org), edited and arranged using Adobe Illustrator© and Adobe Photoshop®. Scale bars = 35 km (A); 2 km (B).
Positive legacies of severe droughts in the Inner Mongolia grassland
<p>Raw data of the article published in Science Advances, titled by "Positive legacies of severe droughts in the Inner Mongolia grassland"</p>
Data for: Positive legacies of severe droughts in the Inner Mongolia grassland
<p><span>Global change-induced extreme droughts are increasing in grasslands worldwide</span><span>, </span><span>and drought legacies may greatly affect the responses of grassland ecosystems to these changes. However, it remains poorly understood whether and how severe droughts have a positive legacy effect on grassland productivity. By combining a 4-year precipitation manipulation experiment with a 40-year observational study in a semiarid grassland, we showed that extreme droughts could create strong positive legacies on community productivity, and that such legacies could last for multiple years. The mechanism behind this was the coupled effect of the drought-induced increase in annuals and the favorable precipitation pattern that facilitated the flourishing of annuals in subsequent years. This study provides experimental and observational evidence for novel positive drought legacies and reveals their underlying mechanisms. Our findings suggest that positive drought legacies should be incorporated into Earth system models to better predict the impact of extreme droughts on grassland ecosystems.</span></p>
DATASET sensing the position of a single scatterer in an opaque medium by mutual scattering
<p>DATASET of the paper "sensing the position of a single scatterer in an opaque medium by mutual scattering"</p>
FIGURE 8 in Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), a relict pontogammarid amphipod crustacean from the Aralo-Caspian paleobasin: redescription, phylogenetic position and biogeography
FIGURE 8. Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), MNHN-IU-2021-7289, female, 9.5 mm. (A) Head with antennae (part.). (B) Pereopod 3. (C) Pereopod 5 (part.). (D) Pereopod 6 (part.). (E) Pereopod 7. (F) Uropod 1. (G) Uropod 2. (H) Uropod 3. (I) Telson.
FIGURE 3 in Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), a relict pontogammarid amphipod crustacean from the Aralo-Caspian paleobasin: redescription, phylogenetic position and biogeography
FIGURE 3. Habitus of Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), lateral view, MNHN-IU-2021-7289, male, 11.0 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), a relict pontogammarid amphipod crustacean from the Aralo-Caspian paleobasin: redescription, phylogenetic position and biogeography
FIGURE 7. Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), MNHN-IU-2021-7289, male, 11.0 mm. (A) Urosoma, dorsal view. (B) Epimeral plates 1–3. (C, D, E) Pleopods 1–3. (F) Uropod 1. (G) Uropod 2. (H) Uropod 3. (I) Telson.
FIGURE 2 in Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), a relict pontogammarid amphipod crustacean from the Aralo-Caspian paleobasin: redescription, phylogenetic position and biogeography
FIGURE 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on the COI marker. Numbers at nodes represent values of the ultrafast bootstrap support and Shimodaira-Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test. Gray boxes on the right indicate the results of the species delimitation analyses using ASAP, PDT and PTP.
FIGURE 6 in Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), a relict pontogammarid amphipod crustacean from the Aralo-Caspian paleobasin: redescription, phylogenetic position and biogeography
FIGURE 6. Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), MNHN-IU-2021-7289, male, 11.0 mm. (A) Pereopod 3. (B) Pereopod 4. (C) Pereopod 5. (D) Pereopod 6. (E) Pereopod 7.
FIGURE 5 in Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), a relict pontogammarid amphipod crustacean from the Aralo-Caspian paleobasin: redescription, phylogenetic position and biogeography
FIGURE 5. Turcogammarus aralensis (Uljanin, 1875), MNHN-IU-2021-7289, male, 11.0 mm. (A) Maxilla 1, right. (B) Palp of maxilla 1, left. (C) Maxilla 2. (D) Mandible, left. (E) Mandible, right. (F) Lower lip. (G) Upper lip. (H) Maxilliped.
Data for: TE positions and expression levels in Macrotermes natalensis
<p>Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences, which can cause the accumulation of genomic damage in the life time of an organism. The regulation of TEs, for instance via the piRNA-pathway, is an important mechanism to protect the integrity of genomes, especially in the germ-line where mutations can be transmitted to offspring. In eusocial insects soma and germ-line are divided among worker and reproductive castes, so one may expect caste-specific differences in TE regulation to exist. To test this, we compared whole-genome levels of repeat element transcription in the fat body of female workers, kings, and five different queen stages of the higher termite, Macrotermes natalensis. In this species, queens can live over 20 years, maintaining near maximum reproductive output, while sterile workers only live weeks or months. We found a strong, positive correlation between TE expression and the expression of neighbouring genes in all castes. However, we found substantially higher TE activity in workers than in reproductives. Furthermore, TE expression did not increase with age in queens, despite a seven-fold increase in gene expression, due to a significant upregulation of the piRNA-pathway in 20-year-old queens. Our results suggest a caste- and age-specific regulation of the piRNA-pathway has evolved in higher termites that is analogous to germline-specific activity in individual organisms. In the fat body of these termite queens, an important metabolic tissue for maintaining their extreme longevity and reproductive output, an efficient regulation of TEs likely protects genome integrity, thus further promoting reproductive fitness even at high age.</p>
Positive leader side of lightning development and recoil leaders
<p>This video captures (from T=+0.27 s (1:02) to T=+0.40 s (1:12)) a positive side of the lightning leader. When the current flowing through the leader begins to weaken, recoil leaders start to appear at its end (T=+0.38 s (1:10)).</p>
Data from: Harsh nutritional environment has positive and negative consequences for family living in a burying beetle
<p><span>Harsh environmental conditions in form of low food availability for both offspring and parents alike can affect breeding behaviour and success. There has been evidence that food-scarce environments can induce competition between family members, and this might be intensified when parents are caring as a pair and not alone. On the other hand, it is possible that a harsh, food-poor environment could also promote cooperative behaviours within a family, leading, for example, to the higher breeding success of pairs than of single parents. We studied the influence of a harsh nutritional environment on the fitness outcome of a family living in the burying beetle <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em>. These beetles use vertebrate carcasses for reproduction. We manipulated food availability on two levels: before and during breeding. We then compared the effect of these manipulations in broods with either single females or biparentally breeding males and females. We show that pairs of beetles that experienced a food-poor environment before breeding consumed a higher quantity of the carcass than well-fed pairs or single females. Nevertheless, they were more successful in raising a brood with higher larval survival compared to pairs that did not experience a food shortage before breeding. We also show that food availability during breeding and social condition had independent effects on the mass of the broods raised, with lighter broods in biparental families than in uniparental ones and on smaller carcasses. Our study thus indicates that a harsh nutritional environment can increase both cooperative as well as competitive interactions between family members. Moreover, our results suggest that it can either hamper or drive the formation of a family because parents choose to restrain reproductive investment in a current brood or are encouraged to breed in a food-poor environment, depending on former experiences and their own nutritional status.</span></p>
POSITIVE AGN FEEDBACK AT HUNDREDS OF KPC SCALES IN A PROTOCLUSTER AT Z=1.7
<p>High-z protoclusters are ideal laboratories to investigate the relation between AGN feedback, ICM heating, and galaxy evolution at the peak formation epoch of galaxy clusters.</p> <p>We will present multi-band observations of a z=1.7 protocluster assembling around an FRII radio-galaxy that provide strong insight into the above processes.</p> <p>A deep (0.5 Ms) Chandra look at the system revealed several spots of diffuse X-ray emission, the most prominent of which (bubble A) overlaps with the Eastern radio lobe. We will discuss thermal emission or Inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons (IC-CMB) as viable mechanisms to produce the observed X-ray spots, and present new LOFAR observations suggesting that bubble A is due to IC-CMB. In addition, the expanding plasma in the Western radio-jet and lobe likely shock-heats pockets of gas in the inhomogeneous ambient medium to the ~keV temperature observed in the other X-ray spots.</p> <p>Bubble A is surrounded by the four galaxies with the largest specific star formation rates among all protocluster members. This calls for remarkable, positive AGN feedback produced hundreds of kpc away from the FRII nucleus by the expanding bubble.</p> <p>We will discuss future observations of the system and finally present prospects for future population studies of similar, high-z protoclusters with the Survey and Time-domain Astrophysical Research eXplorer (STAR-X), a Medium Explorer mission selected by NASA for Phase A study.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1 in Larva description and phylogenetic position of the armoured tardigrade Acanthechiniscus goedeni (Grigarick, Mihelčič & Schuster, 1964)
FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Larva description and phylogenetic position of the armoured tardigrade Acanthechiniscus goedeni (Grigarick, Mihelčič & Schuster, 1964)
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic placement of Acanthechiniscus goedeni based on a Maximum Likelihood reconstruction of concatenated SSU and LSU fragments. GenBank accession numbers are indicated as (SSU + LSU). Numbers above branches represent ML bootstrap values. Nodes with bootstrap <70% were collapsed. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions/sites. In bold: newly sequenced taxa. Shadowed boxes highlight the three genera in the Cornechiniscus clade. The sequences downloaded from GenBank were produced by: Jørgensen & Kristensen (2004), Jørgensen et al. (2011), Gąsiorek & Michalczyk (2020) and Vončina et al. (2020).
On the Space Leader Evolution During the Breakthrough Phase of Attachment Process in Positive Laboratory Sparks
<p>The data supports the manuscript entitled "On the Space Leader Evolution During the Breakthrough Phase of Attachment Process in Positive Laboratory Sparks." The "Data 1" group contains the discharge current waveform, the normalized gray value, and the synchronized voltage-current-impedance waveform. The files in "Data 1" group can be opened by Excel. The "Data 2" group includes high-speed video frames for five discharge events and they can be opened by Phantom Camera Control (PCC) software. The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Searching for intra-cloud positive leaders in VHF
<p>The data needed for making the figures for the paper that will be submitted for publication in GRL, including the GLE-scipts for making the figures.</p>
Supporting Information for Complementary Elucidation of the Molecular Characteristics of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Matter using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Negative and Positive-Ion Electrospray Ionization
<p>These four spreadsheets are Table S1, Table S2, Table S3 and Table S4 of the Supporting information for the ES&T manuscript entitled "<strong>Complementary Elucidation of the Molecular Characteristics of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Matter using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Negative and Positive-Ion Electrospray Ionization</strong>".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.