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FIGURE 4. Pollen and achenes. A in A taxonomic revision of the genus Antiphiona (Inuleae, Asteraceae), including a report of the first collection of the genus for South Africa

FIGURE 4. Pollen and achenes. A. Spinose tricolporate pollen of Antiphiona fragrans (Story 5854); B. A. pinnatisecta (Koekemoer 5000); C. Rigid twin hairs on the achenes of A. fragrans (Strey 2410); D. A. pinnatisecta (Schoenfelder 15568). Scale bar = 10 μm (A–B); 200 μm (C); 100 μm (C).

FIGURE 3 in A taxonomic revision of the genus Antiphiona (Inuleae, Asteraceae), including a report of the first collection of the genus for South Africa

FIGURE 3. Involucral bracts, floret lobes and pappus. A. Short stout hairs and multicellular glands on the involucral bracts of Antiphiona fragrans (Giess 5021); B. Globular glands and short hairs on the bracts of A. pinnatisecta (Koekemoer 5000); C. Rigid unicellular trichomes on floret lobes of A. fragrans (Giess 5021); D. A. pinnatisecta (Koekemoer 5000); E. Capillary pappus bristles of A. fragrans (Story 5954); F. A. pinnatisecta (Schoenfelder 15568). Scale bar = 100 μm (A–D); 80 μm (E–F).

FIGURE 2. Leaf glands. A in A taxonomic revision of the genus Antiphiona (Inuleae, Asteraceae), including a report of the first collection of the genus for South Africa

FIGURE 2. Leaf glands. A. Antiphiona fragrans (Giess 5021); B. A. pinnatisecta (Koekemoer 5000); C. A long multicellular hair of A. fragrans (Story 5854); D. Globular glands covered by short multicellular hairs in A. pinnatisecta (Koekemoer 5000); E. Stalked glands of A. fragrans (Story 5954); F. Globular glands of A. pinnatisecta (Koekemoer 5000). Scale bar = 200 μm (A–C); 100 μm (D–F).

FIGURE 5 in A taxonomic revision of the genus Antiphiona (Inuleae, Asteraceae), including a report of the first collection of the genus for South Africa

FIGURE 5. Images of A. pinnatisecta from Riemvasmaak. A. Shrub in a dry riverbed, B. One of many insect pollinators, C. A flowering branch showing the leaves and capitula, D. Capitula and pappus. Images by M. Koekemoer (A, C, D) and H.M. Steyn (B).

FIGURE 5 in First report of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Pakistan with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 5. Macromorphological characters of A. sparsisquamosus. A = SH160 (Holotype); B = Ag11; C = PU320; D, E = PU254; F = PU256. Bars = 10 mm. Photos by Hira Bashir.

FIGURE 6 in First report of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Pakistan with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 6.Micromorphological characters of A. sparsisquamosus. A, C–E = (SH160, Holotype); B = (PU254): A = Basidia, B = Cheilocystidia, C = Basidiospores, D = Pileipellis hyphae, E = Stipitipellis hyphae. Bars = 10 μm. Drawings by Hira Bashir.

FIGURE 2 in First report of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Pakistan with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 2. Macromorphological characters of A. pakistanicus. A, B = PU450 (Holotype); C = J32; D = PU309; E = TTS19. Bars = 10 mm. Photos by Hira Bashir.

FIGURE 1 in First report of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Pakistan with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram of Agaricus section Brunneopicti drawn from dataset of 31 ITS sequences belonging to 20 species of A. sect. Brunneopicti and 2 outgroup species of A. sect. Xanthodermatei. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values above 50% and Bayesian posterior probability values above 80% are shown (MLB/BPP). The two new species are highlighted in bold. T = type specimens. The herbarium number of the specimens A. chiangmaiensis NTS113, A. megacystidiatus NTS116, A. pakistanicus PU450, A. sordidocarpus LD201237, A. sparsisquamosus SH160, A. toluenolens CA911 and A. microvolvatulus Grinling70109, are MFLU120136, MFLU120137, LAH35299, MFLU120881, LAH35201, MFLU140025 and BR 5020002084476, respectively.

FIGURE 3 in First report of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Pakistan with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 3. Micromorphological characters of A. pakistanicus. A–E (PU450, Holotype):A = Basidia, B = Cheilocystidia, C = Basidiospores, D = Pileipellis hyphae, E = Stipitipellis hyphae. Bars = 10 μm. Drawings by Hira Bashir.

FIGURE 4 in First report of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Pakistan with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 4. Agaricus sp. 1 (A, B = CA800): Bars = 10 mm. Photo by Jacques Guinberteau (25 July, 2010), University park of Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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FIGURE 2 in Notes on the distribution of Venturiella perrottetii (Bryophyta: Erpodiaceae), with new records reported from Myanmar and Thailand

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Venturiella perrottetii in Yunnan, China. All based on the specimens collected by James Shevock and his associates between 2013 and 2015.

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FIGURE 1. Venturiella perrottetii. A in Notes on the distribution of Venturiella perrottetii (Bryophyta: Erpodiaceae), with new records reported from Myanmar and Thailand

FIGURE 1. Venturiella perrottetii. A. Portion of branch. B. A perichaetial branch with emergent capsule. C. A leaf with rhizoids attached. D. Leaf. E, H. Leaf apices and apical cells. F, I. Median leaf cells. G. J. Basal leaf cells. Scale in mm: bar= 0.5 (A), bar= 0.05 (B), bar= 0.12 (C), bar =0.15 (D), bar =0.025 (E–J). (A, C, H–J prepared from Sukkharak 1369, MO; B, D–G from Yan 16110033, MO)

FIGURES 9–15 in Sporolithon indopacificum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from tropical western Indian and western Pacific oceans: First report, confirmed by DNA sequence data, of a widely distributed species of Sporolithon

FIGURES 9–15. Tetrasporangial anatomy of the holotype of Sporolithon indopacificum (L 3964509). 9. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) showing two tetra/bisporangial sori in surface view (arrowheads) (scale bar = 200 μm). 10. SEM showing a magnified view of several tetra/bisporangial chambers in surface view. Note the open, unoccluded pores (P), intact pore plugs (p) and the rosette cells surrounding the pores (scale bar = 15 μm). 11. Transverse section through two contiguously fused protuberances showing an extensive sorus (arrowheads) (scale bar = 300 μm). 12. Vertical section through the edge of a raised sorus (S) showing tetra/bisporangial chambers with floors (black arrowhead) that are flush with the surrounding vegetative surface (white arrowhead) (scale bar = 50 μm). 13. Vertical section through the edge of a raised sorus (S) showing tetra/bisporangial chambers with floors (black arrowhead) that are sunken below the surrounding vegetative surface (white arrowhead) (scale bar = 50 μm). 14. Vertical section through a sorus showing several tightly abutting, longitudinally elliptical tetra/bisporangial chambers bearing mostly uncleaved sporangia (t) borne on a single stalk cell (black arrowheads). Note the sporangial chamber pore plugs (white arrowheads), a 'T'-shaped divided tetrasporangium (T) and the sterile paraphyses of elongate cells (arrow) between two adjacent tetra/bisporangial chambers (scale bar = 50 μm). 15. Magnified view through a sorus showing three tetra/bisporangial chambers, one of which bears a zonately arranged bisporangium (B). Note the sporangial chamber pore plugs (white arrowheads) and the layer of elongate cells at the base of the sporangial chambers (black arrowheads) (scale bar = 30 μm).

FIGURES 3–8 in Sporolithon indopacificum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from tropical western Indian and western Pacific oceans: First report, confirmed by DNA sequence data, of a widely distributed species of Sporolithon

FIGURES 3–8. Vegetative anatomy of the holotype of Sporolithon indopacificum (L 3964509). 3. Holotype specimen showing lumpy growth form with swollen, crowded protuberances (scale bar = 10 mm). 4. Magnified view of the protuberances showing their contiguously fused nature and numerous superficial sori (white arrowheads) scattered across the protuberances. Note that sori are often abraded or shed from the surface (black arrowheads) (scale bar = 2 mm). 5. Vertical section showing layers of S. indopacificum crusts (L) overgrowing itself in a superimposed manner (scale bar = 200 μm). 6. Vertical section through the monomerous thallus showing the epithallus (arrowhead) and a predominantly thick cortex (C) subtended by a thin medulla (M) (scale bar = 100 μm). 7. Vertical section of the ventral region of the thallus showing a plumose medulla (M) and cortical filaments (C) joined primarily by secondary pit connections (arrowheads) (scale bar = 50 μm). 8. Vertical section of the dorsal region of the thallus showing a single layer of flared epithallial cells (arrow) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the layer of senescent epithallial cells (e) being shed, the primary pit connections between adjacent cortical filaments (black arrowheads) and a single, rare cell fusion (white arrowhead) (scale bar = 20 μm).

FIGURE 1 in Sporolithon indopacificum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from tropical western Indian and western Pacific oceans: First report, confirmed by DNA sequence data, of a widely distributed species of Sporolithon

FIGURE 1. Phylogram of Sporolithon species inferred by maximum likelihood analysis of psbA sequences; Heydrichia species were the outgroup; sequences identified by GenBank accession number. Bolded scientific names are type specimens, topotype specimens, or specimens linked to type specimens by DNA sequence. Bootstrap support values (in %) are provided for nodes where> 50%. Scale bar refers to substitutions per site.

FIGURE 2 in Sporolithon indopacificum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from tropical western Indian and western Pacific oceans: First report, confirmed by DNA sequence data, of a widely distributed species of Sporolithon

FIGURE 2. Phylogram of Sporolithon species inferred by maximum likelihood analysis of rbcL sequences; Heydrichia species were the outgroup; sequences identified by GenBank accession number. Bolded scientific names are type specimens, topotype specimens, or specimens linked to type specimens by DNA sequence. Bootstrap support values (in %) are provided for nodes where> 50%. Scale bar refers to substitutions per site.

FIGURE 4 in New species of Camptophora and Cyphellophora from China, and first report of sexual morphs for these genera

FIGURE 4. Camptophora schimae (IFRD 9050, holotype). A Sooty mold-like appearance on leaf surface. B Appearance of colony and ascomata on the host surface. C Vertical section of ascoma. D, E Asci. F,G Ascospores H Germinating ascopore. Scale bars: C = 40μm, D–H= 20 μm.

FIGURE 1 in New species of Camptophora and Cyphellophora from China, and first report of sexual morphs for these genera

FIGURE 1. RAxML tree generated by the phylogenetic analysis of combined data sets of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50% and Bayesian values ≥ 0.80 are shown above their branch. Phaeomoniella prunicola was used as the outgroup taxon. The names of isolates with newly obtained sequences from this study are in red.

FIGURE 3 in New species of Camptophora and Cyphellophora from China, and first report of sexual morphs for these genera

FIGURE 3. Camptophora hylomeconis (IFRD409-043).A Sooty, mold-like appearance on leaf surface. B Appearance of colony and ascomata on the host surface. C, D Vertical section of an ascoma. E, G Asci. F, H Ascospores. I Germinating ascopore. Scale bars: C = 40μm, E–I = 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 in New species of Camptophora and Cyphellophora from China, and first report of sexual morphs for these genera

FIGURE 2. Cyphellophora jingdongensi (IFRD 9049, holotype). A Sooty mold-like appearance on leaf surface. B Appearance of colony and ascomata on the host surface. C, D Vertical section of ascoma. E, F Asci (note: lack of hamathecium and pseudoparaphyses) G–J Ascospores I Germinating ascopore. Scale bars: C, D = 40μm, E–I= 20 μm.