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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Phosphorus Forms and Associated Properties along an Urban-Rural Gradient in Southern China
<p>Urbanization is widely assumed to degrade soil ecosystem services, but the changes in urban soil phosphorus (P) status due to urbanization, and the associated environmental implications have rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the P forms and associated soil properties in urban soils. Thirty sites were selected along urban-rural gradient in Nanchang, China, to examine the effects of urbanization on soil P fractions. Residual P and NaOH-extractable P (NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po) were the major P forms in the 0–30 cm of urban soils, comprising on average 37 and 43% of the total P pool, respectively, which was similar to the suburban and rural soils. Compared with non-urban soils, urban soil had higher contents of total P and P fractions (i.e., P<sub>H2O</sub>, P<sub>KCl</sub>, NaOH-Pi, P<sub>HCl</sub>, and residual P), as well as greater contents of related soil P-retentive properties, especially soil pH, Mehlich 3-extractable Ca and Mg. Phosphorus enrichment in the urban soils may become a source of aquatic pollution, because soil labile P content (sum of P<sub>H2O</sub> and P<sub>KCl</sub>) was positively related with total P, P<sub>HCl</sub>, NaOH-Pi, and residual P, which implied that the labile P can be replenished by these P pools. This study increased the understanding of P stabilization characteristics (e.g., the specific P forms) of urban soils and had further implications for urban environmental management.</p>
Examining the distributional equity of urban tree canopy cover and ecosystem services across United States cities - PLOS ONE Data
<p>Shapefile data used in the analysis for each of the 9 cities examined (New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Diego, Sacramento). Datasets provided have been trimmed following the procedures outlined in the Methods and represent the data used in the analysis.</p>
Fig. 2 in Ixodid Ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) In Urban Landscapes. A Review
Fig. 2. Diagram of indexes of references of tick-borne diseases in urban landscapes.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCES ON USING BUILDINGS EQUIPPED WITH INTEGRATED SOLAR PANELS IN URBAN
<p><em><span>Respublikamizning iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarida va ijtimoiy sohada energiya samaradorligini oshirish va <a name="_Hlk178178817"></a>qayta tiqlanuvchi energiya manbalaridan foydalanishni kengaytirish bo`yicha keng ko`lamli ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Shuningdek, ushbu maqolaning maqsadi integratsiyalashuv jarayoni orqali qayta tiklanadigan energiya resurslarni birgalikda boshqarish va eksport qilish imkonini yaratadigan quyosh panelli qoplama tizimlarini joriy etishnidir. </span></em></p>
Data from: Health-related lifestyle behaviors among male and female rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shanghai, China
Background: Lifestyle behaviors significantly impact health, yet remain poorly defined in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of health-related behaviors of 5484 rural-to-urban migrants who had worked in Shanghai for at least six months, we assessed the contribution of demographics and physical and mental health to lifestyle behaviors in male and female participants by multiple stepwise cumulative odds logistic regression. Results: Respondents were 51.3% male. 9.9% exhibited abnormal blood pressure; 27.0% were overweight or obese; 11.2% reported abnormal mental health; 36.9% reported healthy lifestyle. Multiple stepwise cumulative odds logistic regression indicated that men working in manufacturing reported less unhealthy lifestyle than those in hospitality (cumulative odds ratio (COR) = 1.806, 95%CI 1.275–2.559) or recreation/leisure (COR = 3.248, 95%CI 2.379–4.435); and women working in manufacturing and construction reported less unhealthy lifestyle than those in all other sectors. Unhealthy lifestyle was associated with small workplaces for men (COR = 1.422, 95%CI 1.154–1.752), working more than 8 or 11 hours per day for women and men, respectively, and earning over 3500 RMB in women (COR = 1.618, 95%CI 1.137–2.303). Single women and women who had previously resided in three or more cities were more likely to report unhealthy lifestyle (COR = 2.023, 95%CI 1.664–2.461, and COR = 1.311, 95%CI 1.072–1.602, respectively). Abnormal mental status was also correlated with unhealthy lifestyle in men (COR = 3.105, 95%CI 2.454–3.930) and women (COR = 2.566, 95%CI 2.024–3.252). Conclusions: There were different risk factors of unhealthy lifestyle score in male and female rural-to-urban migrants, especially in number of cities experienced, salary, marital status, work place scale. Several demographic groups: employment sectors (e.g. hospitality and recreation/leisure), working conditions (e.g. long hours) and abnormal mental status were associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants, and health interventions should be targeted to these groups.
Data from: How weather instead of urbanity measures affects song trait variability in three European passerine bird species
Previous studies detected an influence of urban characteristics on song traits in passerine birds, that is, song adjustments to ambient noise in urban areas. Several studies already described the effect of weather conditions on the behavior of birds, but not the effect on song traits. We investigate, if song trait variability changes along a continuous urbanity gradient in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. We examined, for the first time on a larger scale, the influence of weather on song parameters. We made song recordings of three common passerine species: the blue and great tit (Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Parus major Linnaeus, 1758) and the European blackbird (Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758). We measured different song traits and performed statistical analyses and modeling on a variety of variables—among them urbanity and weather parameters. Remarkably, we found only few cases of a significant influence of urbanity parameters on song traits. The influence of weather parameters (air pressure, atmospheric humidity, air and soil temperatures) on song traits was highly significant. Birds in Frankfurt face high noise pollution and might show different adaptations to high noise levels. The song trait variability of the investigated species is affected more by weather conditions than by urban characteristics in Frankfurt. However, the three species react differently to specific weather parameters. Smaller species seem to be more affected by weather than larger species.
How do users interact with Virtual Geographic Environments? Users' behavior evaluation in urban participatory planning [Dataset]
<p>VGEs used in the experimental study.</p>
Urban Mining by Flash Joule Heating
<p>This is the dataset for all the plot in the manuscript and SI.</p>
Figure 1 from: Gandhi K, Epstein M, Koehle J, Purrington F (2011) A quarter of a century succession of epigaeic beetle assemblages in remnant habitats in an urbanized matrix (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 667-689. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1954
Figure 1 - Location of study sites in Ramsey County and major cities in Minnesota, USA.
Figure 1 from: Parizotto D, Urban D (2011) Michanthidium almeidai, a new species from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Megachilinae). ZooKeys 132: 65-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.132.1840
Figure 1 - Collecting record map of species of Michanthidium.
Data and Code for: Evaluation of vertically resolved longwave radiation in SPARTACUS-Urban and the sensitivity to urban surface temperatures
<p>This contains the model outputs and analysis code for the article: Evaluation of vertically resolved longwave radiation in SPARTACUS-Urban and the sensitivity to urban surface temperature, Stretton et al. 2022, Submitted to <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>.</p>
Occupancy Modeling for invasive Rattus species in a peri-urban environment
<p>Occupancy Modeling for invasive Rattus species in a peri-urban environment. Files include a presence/absence matrix (0 = absence, 1 = presence) of invasive rats in a gradient of human disturbance, and the subsequent code for occupancy and detection models with a habitat covariate.</p>
Transferability of data-driven models to predict urban pluvial flood water depth in Berlin, Germany
<p>The attached files include the predictive features and the water depth from 2D hydrodynamic simulations that were used to train data driven models to predict water depth in Berlin.</p>
Data produced for "Water Scarcity Challenges across Urban Regions with Expanding Irrigation"
<p>This archive includes the data and codes to produced results for the paper- <strong>Transition from Rain-fed to Irrigation-fed Agriculture in Rural Areas to Exacerbate Urban Water Scarcity</strong>. It contains 3 archive files:</p> <p><strong>1. H08_inputs_org: </strong>All the input files required for the simulation of the global hydrological model, H08 (/H08/map/org). It has the following files (for both scenarios S1, and S2) -</p> <p>a) AQUASTAT- industrial and domestic water use</p> <p>b) C05- GDP information for the countries</p> <p>c) FAO2009_Slop- data on slope</p> <p>d) GMIA5_S1- global map for irrigated areas version 5 for scenario 1</p> <p>e) GMIA5_S2- global map for irrigated areas version 5 for scenario 2</p> <p>f) GRanD- Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD) database</p> <p>g) GSWP2_Albedo- albedo data</p> <p>h) GSWP23_SoilType- soil type data</p> <p>i) IGRAC- groundwater use for domestic and industrial sector</p> <p>j) IIASA_SSP- socio economic pathways data</p> <p>k) K14- explicit aqueduct data</p> <p>l) M08- crop distribution data</p> <p>m) OneGeology- geology units offshore</p> <p>n) R08- cropland and pastureland data</p> <p>o) WFDEI- flow direction </p> <p>p) DS02- irrigation data</p> <p><strong>2. Codes:</strong> Jupyter notebook consisting of the python codes for post-processing, and a folder named <em>files_req </em>with the required files for the notebook. </p> <p><strong>3. Outputs: </strong>This includes 4 archives</p> <p>a) arcgis_outputs- post-processing model results' shapefiles and rasters; ArcMap documents of CAD difference; and other outputs</p> <p>b) CAD_S1_S2- Raster files of monthly CAD for scenarios S1 (named as S12) and S2; raster files of total water abstraction from renewable water sources; and raster files of total water demand. </p> <p>c) diff_cad_21- Raster files of difference in CAD (CAD_S2 - CAD_S1) for with and without considering environmental flow requirements.</p> <p>e) urban_results_excel- Excel files of CAD comparison in S1 and S2; excel file of monthly water demand and abstraction in S1 and S2. </p> <p> </p>
DAS Urban Mobility Patterns Database
<p>This database is based on the MINIDAS format designed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) with the objective of storing information captured by distributed acoustic systems. These files correspond to the hdf5 type, which facilitates their reading.</p> <p>In this same dataset you can find the official script to work with this kind of data (for more information see official repository, https://github.com/DAS-RCN/RCN_DASformat).</p> <p>New version of https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981219</p>
DAS Urban Mobility Patterns Database
<p>This database is based on the MINIDAS format designed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) with the objective of storing information captured by distributed acoustic systems. These files correspond to the hdf5 type, which facilitates their reading.</p> <p>In this same dataset you can find the official script to work with this kind of data (for more information see official repository, https://github.com/DAS-RCN/RCN_DASformat).</p> <p>New version of https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981219</p>
Dataset: Evaluation of a Partector Pro for atmospheric size distribution and number concentration measurements at an urban background site
<p>Dataset for manuscript, titled "Evaluation of a Partector Pro for atmospheric size distribution and number concentration measurements at an urban background site", submitted to Aerosol Research</p> <p>Includes raw data from Partector Pro as .txt files and from MPSS as .csv files. Processed hourly and daily averages are provided as .xlsx file.</p>
Data for "A Shifting Lens: Urban Evolution Brings Exaptation into Focus"
<p>Data from literature search of number of citations per year including terms related to adaptation.</p>
The process data used in paper 'Urbanization Alters Atmospheric Dryness through Land Evapotranspiration'
<p>The process data used in a journal paper ' <strong>Urbanization Alters Atmospheric Dryness through Land Evapotranspiration </strong>', including data used for each plot.</p> <p>The weather observation data are available online (http://data.cma.cn/en). The 20 urban sites dataset can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7104984 under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (CC-BY-4.0). Impervious surface data set are free available online (http://data.starcloud.pcl.ac.cn/zh); and USGS FEWS NET SSEBop Actual Evapotranspiration Products (Version 5.0) are free available online (https://earlywarning.usgs.gov/fews/product/458). Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI data sets (version 3.0) (http://www.glass.umd.edu/Download.html) are free available online; digital elevation model (DEM) (www.geodata.cn) are free available online.</p>
In-situ relative humidity and air temperature urban microclimate data
<p>Monitoring and understanding the variability of heat within cities is important for urban planning and public health, and there has been a growth in the number of studies measuring intra-urban temperature variability. Recognizing that the physiological effects of heat depend on humidity as well as temperature, some of these measurement campaigns have included measurements of relative humidity alongside temperature. Reported analyses, however, have not reported whether spatial structure in humidity, independent from temperature, contributes significantly to intra-urban heat variability. Here we use summer temperature and humidity from networks of stationary sensors in multiple cities in the USA to examine this issue. It is shown that although there are spatial variations in relative humidity there are only very weak spatial variations in the absolute humidity within these cities. This variability in absolute humidity plays an insignificant role in the spatial variability of the heat index and humidex, and the spatial variability of the heat metrics is dominated by temperature variability. A practical consequence of this is that a network of sensors that only measure temperature is sufficient to quantify the spatial variability of heat across these cities when combined with humidity measured at a single location, allowing for lower-cost heat monitoring networks.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.