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FIG. 10 in Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae)
FIG. 10. Rhopalurusinae Bücherl, 1971, sternites III (A–C, E, F), V and VI (D), ventral aspect. A. Ischnotelson guanambiensis (Lenarducci et al., 2005), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). B. Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L. Koch, 1839), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). C, D. Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov., ♂ (MZSP). E. Physoctonus debilis (C.L. Koch, 1840), ♂ (MZSP). F. Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997), comb. nov., ♀ (MZSP). Scale bars = 1 mm (A, E, F), 2 mm (B, C, D).
Figure 6 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 6. Palaeogeographic map of Carboniferous (c. 310 Mya) showing thelyphonid sites. Red star indicates new locality and new species described in this paper. A, Mazon creek, Illinois, USA; Geralinura carbonaria. B, North Attleboro, Massachusetts, USA; Parilisthelyphonus bryantae, Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri. C, Dudley, Staffordshire, England, UK; Proschizomus petrunkevitchi. D, Derbyshire, Lancashire, Staffordshire, England, UK; Geralinura brittanica. E, Domaniale Mine, Limburg, the Netherlands; Parageralinura neerlandica. F, HagenVorhalle, Nordrhein-Westphalia, Germany; Parageralinura naufraga. G, RakovnÍk, Okres RakovnÍk, Czech Republic; Prothelyphonus bohemicus. H, Carnic Alps, Friuli, Italy; Parageralinura marsiglioi. Brown shading = land; blue shading = marine flooding of continents; white shading = ocean basin. Map modified after Kocsis and Scotese (2021).
Figure 5 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 5. Carapace to opisthosoma ratios (C: O) of all eight Carboniferous thelyphonid species [body fossils; does not include full-body impression (trace fossil) Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri, see text]. Green boxes represent the opisthosoma (including pygidium but excluding telson) and purple boxes represent the carapace, relative to each other. Measurements only included complete specimens. Averages were taken when data for multiple specimens of a single species were available.
Figure 3 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 3. Map indicating extent of Late Carboniferous sedimentary deposits in the region of interest (grey) with major cities indicated and comprising portions of south-eastern Massachusetts and eastern Rhode Island. Star at approximate location of recovered fossils thelyphonids. Basemap provided by ESRI; geological units merged from USGS state geologic map compilation.
Figure 8 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 8. Tracks associated with the body impression. Left: photo of slab whitened and greyscale inverted to accentuate tracks. Inset is magnified view of best series of wedge-like tracks, some with bifid extensions. Right: same field of view as left photograph with all tracks likely associated with body impression highlighted in red. Inset is sketch after Gallant and Hochberg (2017) SEM image of a thelyphonid tarsus (sans setae) highlighting two major claws and one minor claw (black scale bar in inset = 200 μm).
Figure 4 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 4. The holotype of Parilisthelyphonus bryantae gen. nov., sp. nov.. Part (A; MCZ:IP:198710a) and counterpart (B; MCZ:IP:198710b) representing the dorsal and ventral views respectively and their corresponding line drawings (A1,B1). Image in Figure 4B, 4B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 4A, 4A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and methods section.
Figure 2 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 2. Age and relative sizes of all known Palaeozoic thelyphonids (body and trace fossils). A, Parageralinura naufraga. B, Parageralinura neerlandica. C, Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri. D, Proschizomus petrunkevitchi. E, Geralinura Britannica. F, Prothelyphonus bohemicus. G, Parilisthelyphonus bryantae. H, Geralinura carbonaria. I, Parageralinura marsiglioi. Age ranges of (G) and (I) represent the complete stratigraphic age range of their respective formations since the exact stratigraphic horizon of the specimens is unknown. Figured specimens are modified from (Tetlie and Dunlop 2008: Fig. 6).
Figure 7 in The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA
Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen. nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b). A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig. 7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig. 7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section.
Anecdotal report of intersexuality, regeneration and teratology in scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones)
<p><span>This is an synoptic anecdote reporting and illustrating all the photographic records as well as concrete specimens I had come across during the past few years when browsing Chinese online chatgroups and platforms dedicated to scorpion captive breeding. This document arranges and describes briefly each anomaly. Most photos were posted in two of my online blogs (now deleted) on the Chinese website Bilibili; others shared by my friends. Many photos were circulated online in the hobby with unknown original source. Watermarks are kept when available. Only 1 observation (<em>A. turkiyensis</em>) belongs to the author.</span></p>
FIGURE 6. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii, LEFT cHELA. A in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 6. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii, LEFT cHELA. A, MALE, SUUk-KObA СAVE (TSHATYR-DAGH KARST MASSIF), EcTAL. B, E: FEmALE, VOSTOTSHNY POTOk СAVE (DOLGORUkOVSkY KARST MASSIF), EcTAL. С, MALE, mALE, EGIz-TINAkH-2 СAVE (KARAbI KARST MASSIF), EcTAL. D, MALE, SUUk-KObA СAVE (TSHATYR-DAGH KARST MASSIF), DORSAL. E, FEmALE, VOSTOTSHNY POTOk СAVE (DOLGORUkOVSkY KARST MASSIF), DORSAL. F, MALE, EGIz-TINAkH-2 СAVE (KARAbI KARST MASSIF), DORSAL.
FIGURE 7 in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 7. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii, TRITONYmPH, OzIORNAYA СAVE (TSHATYR-DAGH KARST MASSIF). A, RIGHT cHELA, EcTAL VIEW. B, RIGHT cHELA, DORSAL VIEW. С, LEFT PEDIPALP, mINUS cHELA. D, APEx OF FIxED cHELAL FINGER, EcTAL VIEW. E, TIP OF mOVAbLE cHELAL FINGER, EcTAL VIEW. F, RIGHT cHELIcERA. G, SERRULA ExTERIOR OF RIGHT cHELIcERA, EcTAL VIEW. H, SERRULA INTERIOR OF RIGHT cHELIcERA, mESAL VIEW. I, RIGHT LEG I. J, RIGHT LEG IV. K, DISTAL PORTION OF TARSUS AND APOTELE OF RIGHT LEG IV. L, STERNITES II‒XII. M, TERGITES I‒XII. N, СOxAE OF PEDIPALP AND LEGS I‒IV. O, СARAPAcE. P, ANTERIOR PART OF cARAPAcE.
FIGURE 5 in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 5. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii, mALES (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED), FROm SUUk-KObA СAVE (TSHATYR-DAGH KARST MASSIF) (A, D‒M), VOSTOTSHNY POTOk СAVE (DOLGORUkOVSkY KARST MASSIF) (B) AND EGIz-TINAkH-2 СAVE (KARAbI KARST MASSIF) (С). A, RIGHT PEDIPALP mINUS cHELA. B, RIGHT PEDIPALP mINUS cHELA (FEmALE). С, RIGHT PEDIPALP mINUS cHELA. D, APEx OF FIxED cHELAL FINGER, EcTAL VIEW. E, APEx OF mOVAbLE cHELAL FINGER, EcTAL VIEW. F, RIGHT LEG IV. G, RIGHT LEG I. H, SUbDISTAL SETA OF LEG IV. I, RIGHT cHELIcERA. J, RALLUm OF RIGHT cHELIcERA, mESAL VIEW. K, SERRULA ExTERIOR OF RIGHT cHELIcERA, EcTAL VIEW. L, SERRULA INTERIOR OF RIGHT cHELIcERA, mESAL VIEW. M, DISTAL PORTION OF TARSUS AND APOTELE OF RIGHT LEG IV.
FIGURE 2 in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 2. PHYLOGENY OF Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii POPULATIONS, bASED ON ANALYSIS OF mITOcHONDRIAL СOI GENE SEqUENcES USING THE NEIGHbOUR JOINING (NJ) mETHOD; bOOTSTRAP SUPPORT FOR bRANcH NODES SHOWN FOR 1000 REPLIcATIONS.
FIGURE 1 in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 1. MAP OF cOLLEcTION SITES (cAVES) FOR Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii IN THE СRImEAN MOUNTAINS: 1—SUUk-KObA; 2— EmINE-BAIR-KObA; 3—TRIOkHETAzHNAYA; 4—OzIORNAYA; 5—PASkHALNAYA; 6—ALUSHTINSkAYA; 7—KIzIL-KObA; 8— PARTIzANSkAYA; 9—VOSTOTSHNY POTOk; 10—EGIz-TINAkH-2; 11—TUAkSkAYA.
FIGURE 3 in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 3. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii, LIVE mALE FROm TUAkSkAYA СAVE (KARAbI KARST MASSIF, СRImEA). AFTER KOLESNIkOV & TURbANOV (2017), WITH PERmISSION.
FIGURE 4 in The cave-dwelling false scorpion genus Pseudoblothrus Beier, 1931 (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae) in the Crimean Peninsula
FIGURE 4. Pseudoblothrus roszkovskii, FROm: SUUk-KObA СAVE, TSHATYR-DAGH KARST MASSIF (A‒B, F‒J, L, N‒S), VOSTOTSHNY POTOk СAVE (С), PARTIzANSkAYA СAVE (D), KIzIL-KObA СAVE, DOLGORUkOVSkY KARST MASSIF (K) AND EGIz-TINAkH-2 СAVE, KARAbI KARST MASSIF (E, M). A, MALE cARAPAcE. B, FEmALE cARAPAcE. С, FEmALE cARAPAcE. D, FEmALE cARAPAcE. E, MALE cARAPAcE. F, ANTERIOR PART OF mALE cARAPAcE. G, MALE GENITALIA, VENTRAL VIEW. H, FEmALE GENITALIA, VENTRAL VIEW. I, DIScAL SETAE ON STERNITES IV AND V OF mALE. J, PLEURAL mEmbRANE OF FEmALE. K, MALE GENITAL OPENING. L, MALE GENITAL OPENING. M, MALE GENITAL OPENING. N, VENTRAL GLAND OF mALE STERNITE VI. O, TERGITES I‒XII, DORSAL VIEW, FEmALE. P, STERNITES II‒XII, VENTRAL VIEW, mALE. Q, STERNITES II‒ XII, VENTRAL VIEW, FEmALE. R, СOxAE OF PEDIPALP AND LEGS I‒IV, FEmALE. S, LEFT STIGmATA OF STERNITES III AND IV, mALE.
FIGURES 26A–D. A, B. Brachistosternus philippii n in Five new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the deserts of Chile and Peru, with comments about some poorly studied diagnostic characters of the genus
FIGURES 26A–D. A, B. Brachistosternus philippii n. sp. A. Sternum macroseta; B. sternum macroseta, detail of the apex. C, D. Brachistosternus multidentatus. C. sternum macroseta; D. sternum macroseta, detail of the apex. Scale bars: A. 200 µm; B. 50 µm; C. 500 µm; D. 10 µm.
FIGURES 25A–F. Brachistosternus montanus. A in Five new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the deserts of Chile and Peru, with comments about some poorly studied diagnostic characters of the genus
FIGURES 25A–F. Brachistosternus montanus. A. Sternum and genital opeculum; B. Sternum macrosetae; C. Tip of the sternum macrosetae; D. sternum macrosetae cut near the apex; E. Sternum macrosetae, cut medially; F. detail of sternum macrosetae, cut medially. Scale bars: A. 2mm; B. 100 µm; C. 20 µm; D. 20 µm; E. 100 µm; F. 10 µm.
FIGURES 23A–C. Brachistosternus anandrovestigia n in Five new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the deserts of Chile and Peru, with comments about some poorly studied diagnostic characters of the genus
FIGURES 23A–C. Brachistosternus anandrovestigia n. sp. A. Left hemispermatophore, external aspect. B. Left hemispermatophore, detail of the lobe region; C. Right hemispermatophore, detail of the lobe region. Scale bars: 1mm.
FIGURES 24A–F. A, B in Five new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the deserts of Chile and Peru, with comments about some poorly studied diagnostic characters of the genus
FIGURES 24A–F. A, B. Brachistosternus roigalsinai, Right hemispermatophore, A. Detail of the lobe region. B. Detail of the lobe region, exposing the Internal Laminar Apophysis (ILA); C, D. Brachistosternus ehrenberghii, right hemispermatophore, C. Detail of the lobe region. D. Detail of the lobe region, exposing the Internal Laminar Apophysis (ILA); E, F. Brachistosternus ferrugineus, right hemispermatophore, E. Detail of the lobe region. F. Detail of the lobe region, exposing the Internal Laminar Apophysis (ILA). Scale bars: 1mm.
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