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FIGURE 3 in A new discovery of a long-winged form of Mexican endemic grasshopper Melanotettix dibelonius Bruner, 1904 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) and notes on wing polymorphism and geographic distribution
FIGURE 3. Updated geographic distribution of Melanotettix dibelonius and its two morphotypes identified (red triangle = longwinged form; blue circle = short-winged form). Numbers beside the symbols indicate the locality number. *Asterisk denotes localities from which specimens were measured for the morphological analyses.
FIGURE 2 in A new discovery of a long-winged form of Mexican endemic grasshopper Melanotettix dibelonius Bruner, 1904 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) and notes on wing polymorphism and geographic distribution
FIGURE 2. Images of mounted individuals of Melanotettix dibelonius. A. Long-winged male lateral. B. Short-winged male lateral. C. Long-winged male dorsal. D. Short-winged male dorsal. E. Long-winged female lateral. F. Short-winged female lateral. G. Long-winged female dorsal. H. Short-winged female dorsal.
FIGURE 1 in A new discovery of a long-winged form of Mexican endemic grasshopper Melanotettix dibelonius Bruner, 1904 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) and notes on wing polymorphism and geographic distribution
FIGURE 1. Images of live individuals of Melanotettix dibelonius. A. Long-winged male. B. Short-winged female. C. Longwinged male (parasitized with acari). D. Short-winged male. E. Long-winged female. F. Short-winged male. Photos by SSU, BF & MEP.
FIGURE 6 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 6. Asulcate (left) and sulcate (right) faces of the fully everted and maximally expanded right hemipenis of the paratype of Helicops phantasma (MZUSP 19319), from the municipality of Carolina, state of Maranh"o, Brazil. Scale bar = 10 mm
FIGURE 7 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 7. Asulcate (right) and sulcate (left) faces of the fully everted and maximally expanded right hemipenis of Helicops leopardinus (UFMT-R 1504) from the municipality of Cuiabá, state Mato Grosso, Brazil (above), and Helicops danieli (AMNH 97461), from state of Bolivar, Colombia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Localities of record of Helicops phantasma [black (type locality) and white triangles] and of the present sample of He. leopardinus (black circles). Crosses denote areas of hydroelectric dams already installed or projected to the future in the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin. Gray shading illustrates the main hydrographic basins of Central and Northern Brazil (1: Amazon Basin; 2: Tocantins-Araguaia Basin; 3: Atlantico Norte and Nordeste Basins; 4 S"o Francisco Basin; 5: Atlantico Leste Basin, and 6: Paraná Basin).
FIGURE 4 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of the head of the holotype of Helicops phantasma sp. nov. (UFMT-R 8290) from the region of the municipality of Barra do Garças, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral views of the holotype of Helicops phantasma sp. nov. (UFMT-R 8290), from the region of the municipality of Barra do Garças, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Scale bar = 40 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Illustrations of the syntypes of (A) Helicops leopardinus (Schlegel, 1837) [modified from Jan & Sordelli (1864: f. 2, pl. III)] and (B–C) He. leprieurii Duméril et al., 1854, a junior synonym [modified from Jan & Sordelli (1864: f. 2–3, pl. IV). In both cases, the dorsal pattern consists of rounded black spots.
FIGURE 2 in Long known, brand new, and possibly threatened: a new species of watersnake of the genus Helicops Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes; Xenodontinae) from the Tocantins- Araguaia River Basin, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Hydropsini (one species of Hydrops, one species of Pseudoeryx, and 11 species of Helicops) based on a concatenated matrix of the 12S, 16S, BDNF, C-mos, and NT3 sequence data. Numbers at nodes indicate the values of Bayesian Credibility/Maximum Likelihood bootstrap. The bar represents the number of expected changes per site in the Bayesian Analysis. Terminal H1733 corresponds to the voucher MZUSP 19695. The name Helicops pictiventris is currently in the synonymy of He. infrataeniatus, but appears in the tree exactly as the pertinent sequences appear in the GenBank (see Zaher et al. 2009).
Effect of long-term aging on graphene oxide: structure and thermal decomposition
<p>FTIR, XRD, Raman, AFM, XPS were used to characterize graphene oxide aged for 2 years. The results showed that after aging, the C/O ratio of graphene oxide increased from 1.96 to 2.76, but the type of oxygen-containing functional groups did not change. In addition to oxygen-containing functional groups, the content of -CH3, -CH2- and physically adsorbed water also decreased. The change in the structure is manifested by the reduction of the average interlayer distance from 1.320 nm to 1.134 nm. Moreover, ID/IG increased from 0.95 to 1.03, indicating that the defect density in the carbon skeleton increased after aging. The thermal decomposition process of graphene oxide and its decomposition products were analyzed by thermogravimetric combined with Infrared spectroscopy. When the temperature exceeds 60°C, the infrared signal of CO2 produced by the decomposition of graphene oxide can be detected. After aging, the decomposition peak temperature of graphene oxide decreased from 216 to 195°C. The amount of CO2 produced in the decomposition products is almost unchanged, while the amount of CO and H2O produced decreases, and the amount of SO2 produced decreases significantly. The OH radicals and heat accumulated during the decomposition process may in turn accelerate the decomposition rate, leading to a thermal runaway process at 216°C.</p>
Linking range wide energetic trade-offs to breeding performance in a long-distance migrant
<p>Understanding how individual trade-offs and carry-over effects along the annual cycle influence fitness is fundamental to unravel population dynamics, but such data is particularly challenging to collect in long-distance migrants. Here, with a full annual cycle perspective of Icelandic whimbrels Numenius phaeopus islandicus, we investigate trade-offs across the entire distribution, assessing migration costs and wintering energetic balance experienced throughout the wintering range (from temperate to tropical regions), and link these to breeding parameters for two wintering regions. We found that Icelandic whimbrels traded-off higher costs of migration with more favourable wintering conditions, in terms of energetic balance. By migrating further, whimbrels experience lower thermoregulatory costs and higher net energetic intake rates, resulting in a more positive energetic balance during winter. However, these differences did not appear to carry-over into the breeding season in terms of measurable effects on laying date (and, consequently, fledging success) or egg volume, suggesting that individual fitness is unlikely to be significantly influenced by previous wintering conditions, although effects on other traits may potentially occur. Nevertheless, Icelandic whimbrels seem to favour wintering locations where the conditions are more advantageous, as the abundance of individuals at the wintering sites reflects the variation in site quality.</p>
Improved contiguity of the threespine stickleback genome using long-read sequencing
<p>While the cost and time for assembling a genome has drastically decreased, it still remains a challenge to assemble a highly contiguous genome. These challenges are rapidly being overcome by the integration of long-read sequencing technologies. Here, we use long-read sequencing to improve the contiguity of the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) genome, a prominent genetic model species. Using Pacific Biosciences sequencing, we assembled a highly contiguous genome of a freshwater fish from Paxton Lake. Using contigs from this genome, we were able to fill over 76% of the gaps in the existing reference genome assembly, improving contiguity over five-fold. Our gap filling approach was highly accurate, validated by 10X Genomics long-distance linked-reads. In addition to closing a majority of gaps, we were able to assemble segments of telomeres and centromeres throughout the genome. This highlights the power of using long sequencing reads to assemble highly repetitive and difficult to assemble regions of genomes. This latest genome build has been released through a newly designed community genome browser that aims to consolidate the growing number of genomics datasets available for the threespine stickleback fish.</p>
A Comparative Analysis of Temporal Long Text Similarity: Application to Financial Documents
<p>Textual Similarity on MD&A disclosure</p>
Data from: Long-lasting insecticidal net use and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among household members of laboratory-confirmed malaria patients attending selected health facilities in Abuja, Nigeria, 2016: a cross-sectional survey
Introduction: In Nigeria, malaria remains a major burden. There is the presupposition that household members could have common exposure to malaria parasite and use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) could reduce transmission. This study was conducted to identify factors associated with asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and LLIN use among households of confirmed malaria patients in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to August 2016 in twelve health facilities selected from three area councils in Abuja, Nigeria. Participants were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Overall, we recruited 602 participants from 107 households linked to 107 malaria patients attending the health facilities. Data on LLIN ownership, utilization, and house characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood samples of household members were examined for malaria parasitaemia using microscopy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression (α=0.05). Results: Median age of respondents was 16.5 years (Interquartile range: 23 years); 55.0% were females. Proportions of households that owned and used at least one LLIN were 44.8% and 33.6%, respectively. Parasitaemia was detected in at least one family member of 102 (95.3%) index malaria patients. Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among study participants was 421/602 (69.9%). No association was found between individual LLIN use and malaria parasitaemia (odds ratio: 0.9, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.6-1.3) among study participants. Having bushes around the homes was associated with having malaria parasitaemia (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.7, 95%CI: 1.7-4.2) and less use of LLIN (aOR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2-0.9). Living in Kwali (aOR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.0-0.2) was associated with less use of LLIN. Conclusion: High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and low use of LLIN among household members of malaria patients portend the risk of intra-household common source of malaria transmission. We recommend household health education on LLIN use and environmental management. Study to explore the role of preventive treatment of household members of confirmed malaria patient in curbing transmission is suggested. Strategies promoting LLIN use need to be intensified in Kwali.
Data from: Long term effects of superoxide and DNA repair on lizard telomeres
Telomeres are the non-coding protein-nucleotide 'caps' at chromosome ends that contribute to chromosomal stability by protecting the coding parts of the linear DNA from shortening at cell division, and from erosion by reactive molecules. Recently, there has been some controversy between molecular and cell biologists, on the one hand, and evolutionary ecologists on the other, regarding whether reactive molecules erode telomeres during oxidative stress. Many studies of biochemistry and medicine have verified these relationships in cell culture, but other researchers have failed to find such effects in free-living vertebrates. Here we use a novel approach to measure free radicals (superoxide), mitochondrial 'content' (a combined measure of mitochondrial number and size in cells), telomere length and DNA damage at two primary time points during the mating season of an annual lizard species (Ctenophorus pictus). Superoxide levels early in the mating season vary widely and elevated levels predict shorter telomeres both at that time as well as several months later. These effects are likely driven by mitochondrial content, which significantly impacts late season superoxide (cells with more mitochondria have more superoxide), but superoxide effects on telomeres are counteracted by DNA repair as revealed by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine assays. We conclude that reactive oxygen species and DNA repair are fundamental for both short- and long-term regulation of lizard telomere length with pronounced effects of early-season cellular stress detectable on telomere length near lizard death.
Data from: Aspirin reduces long term stroke risk in women with prior hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
OBJECTIVE: To determine if hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) increased long-term stroke risk in women in the California Teachers Study (CTS), a prospective cohort study, and if aspirin or statin use modified this risk. METHODS: CTS participants aged ≤60 years at time of enrollment in 1995 were followed prospectively for validated stroke outcomes obtained via linkage with California hospital records through 12/31/2015. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the primary outcomes of (1) all stroke and (2) stroke before age 60, among those with and without history of HDP. We tested for interactions (p<0.2) and performed stratified analyses to assess risk of the primary outcomes in women with and without self-reported use of aspirin or statins. RESULTS: Of 83,749 women included in the analysis, 4070 (4.9%) had HDP. Women with prior HDP had increased risk of all stroke (adjusted HR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.4) but no increased risk of stroke before age 60 (adjusted HR 1.2, 95%CI 0.9-1.7). There was an interaction (p=0.18) between aspirin use and HDP history on risk of stroke before age 60: non-aspirin users had higher risk (adjusted HR 1.5, 95%CI 1.0-2.1) while aspirin users did not (adjusted HR 0.8, 95%CI 0.4-1.7). This effect was not seen with statins. CONCLUSIONS: Controlling for comorbidities, women with prior HDP had increased long-term stroke risk, which was reduced by aspirin use. Randomized trials may be needed to assess whether long-term aspirin use could benefit selected women with a history of HDP.
Data from: Long-term outcome in neuroZika: when biological diagnosis matters
Objectives: To characterize the full spectrum, relative frequency and prognosis of the neurological manifestations in Zika virus (ZIKV) postnatal infection. Methods: We conducted an observational study in consecutive ZIKV-infected patients presenting with neurological manifestations during the French West Indies 2016 outbreak. Results: Eighty-seven patients, including 6 children, were enrolled. Ninety-five percent of all cases required hospitalization. Guillain-Barré syndrome was the most frequent manifestation (46.0%) followed by encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (20.7%), isolated single or multiple cranial nerve palsies (9.2%), other peripheral manifestations (6.9%), and stroke (1.1%). Fourteen patients (16.1%) including one child, developed a mixed disorder involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. Mechanical ventilation was required in 21 cases all of whom had ZIKV RNA in at least one biological fluid. Two adult patients died due to neuroZika. Clinical follow-up (median 14 months; interquartile range, 13-17) was available for 76 patients. Residual disability (modified Rankin scale ≥2) was identified in 19 (25.0%) patients, in 6 cases (7.9%), disability was severe (modified Rankin scale ≥4). Amongst patients with ZIKV RNA detected in one biological fluid, the risk of residual disability or death was higher (odd ratio 9.19; CI 1.12-75.22; p = 0.039). Conclusions: NeuroZika spectrum represents a heterogenous group of clinical neurological manifestations. During an outbreak, clinicians should consider neuroZika in patients presenting with cranial nerve palsies and a mixed neurological disorder. Long-term sequelae are frequent in NeuroZika. ZIKV reverse-transcription PCR status at admission can inform prognosis and should therefore be taken into consideration in the management of hospitalised patients.
Data from: Finish with a sprint: evidence for time‐selected last leg of migration in a long‐distance migratory songbird
Under time‐selected migration, birds should choose a strategy for outcompeting rivals over securing access to prime resources at the final destination. Thus, migration can be viewed as a race among individuals where winners are arriving first when conditions are suitable. The sprint migration hypothesis predicts that individuals shift from maximum sustained speed to a final burst of sprint to shorten the transition from migration to breeding (Alerstam, 2006). In this study, we test the hypothesis of a final sprint migration in a long‐distance Afro‐Palearctic migrant, the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, during autumn and spring, and compare migration strategies between the seasons. In both seasons, collared flycatchers evidently exhibited sprint migration by increasing their overall speed over the last leg of migration after the Sahara crossing. This phenomenon was more pronounced in spring, contributing to overall faster spring migration and possibly highlighting higher importance for early arrival at the breeding grounds. In both seasons and particularly in spring, late departing individuals flew at a faster rate, partially being able to catch up with their early departing conspecifics. Differential fueling strategies may play an important role in determining migration speed, especially during the early stages of the migration, and might explain the observed differences in migration speeds between late and early departing individuals. Our findings suggest competition for early arrival at the breeding and at the nonbreeding destinations alike. Sprint migration might be an appropriate strategy to gain advantage over conspecifics and settle in prime territories as well as to cope with the increasingly earlier springs at high latitudes.
Long-term dietary flavonoid intake and subjective cognitive decline in US men and women
<p><b>Objective:</b> To prospectively examine the associations between long-term dietary flavonoids and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b><b> </b>We followed 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1984-2006) and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (1986-2002). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between dietary flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, polymeric flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) and subsequent SCD. For the NHS, long-term average dietary intake was calculated from seven repeated food frequency questionnaires (SFFQs), and SCD was assessed in 2012 and 2014. For the HPFS, average dietary intake was calculated from five repeated SFFQs, and SCD assessed in 2008 and 2012.</p> <p><b>Result</b><b>s: </b>Higher intake of total flavonoids was associated with lower odds of SCD after adjusting for age, total energy intake, major non-dietary factors, and specific dietary factors. Comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total flavonoid intake, the pooled multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of 3-unit increments in SCD was 0.81 (0.76, 0.89). In the pooled results, the strongest associations were observed for flavones (OR=0.62 [0.57, 0.68]), flavanones (0.64 [0.58, 0.68)]), and anthocyanins (0.76 [0.72, 0.84]) (<i>p</i> trend <0.0001 for all groups). The dose-response curve was steepest for flavones, followed by anthocyanins. Many flavonoid-rich foods, such as strawberries, oranges, grapefruits, citrus juices, apples/pears, celery, peppers, and bananas, were significantly associated with lower odds of SCD.</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Our findings support a benefit of higher flavonoid intakes for maintaining cognitive function in US men and women.<b> </b></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.