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FIGURE 3. A in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)
FIGURE 3. A—Scale organs on postrostral scales (character 16, continuous). Scale= 1 mm. B—Rostral scale divided, Phymaturus antofagastesis MCN 1436 (Character 105-1). Scale= 2 mm. C—Interparietal color (white, P. excelsus MCN 1582, character 121-1). Scale= 5 mm. D—Enlarged scales in the center of chest, P. extrilidus MCN 2856 (Character 122-1). Scale= 5 mm. E—Loreal region of P. sp3. MNHN 1632 (Character 154-1 absence of contact between canthal and preocular scales). F—Same view of P. palluma (neotype BMNH 1946.8.29.84). Character 155-1 preocular larger than canthal scale.
FIGURE 10 in Morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships within a South-American clade of iguanian lizards (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus)
FIGURE 10. Alternative hypotheses of relationships within the patagonicus group found applying different values of constant of weighting K. Analysis with K=19–57 recovers the same topology of a conventional parsimony analysis an equally weighted analysis.
FIGURE 7 in On the distribution and conservation of the South American lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae)
FIGURE 7. Distribution of Tropidurus chromatops (red symbols), T. callathelys (yellow star), and T. xanthochylus (pink star) plotted over a biome (left) and an altitudinal map (right) of South America. Stars represent the type localities of the species. TSMBF: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests; TSDBF: Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests; TSCF: Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests; TBMF: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests; TSGSS: Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands; TGSS: Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands; FGS: Flooded grasslands and savannas; MGS: Montane grasslands and shrublands; MFWS: Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrubs; DXS: Deserts and xeric shrublands.
FIGURE 2 in On the distribution and conservation of the South American lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae)
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Tropidurus montanus (pink symbols), T. erythrocephalus (blue symbols), and T. mucujensis (green star) plotted over a biome (left) and an altitudinal map (right) of South America. Stars represent the type localities of the species. TSMBF: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests; TSDBF: Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests; TSCF: Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests; TBMF: Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests; TSGSS: Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands; TGSS: Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands; FGS: Flooded grasslands and savannas; MGS: Montane grasslands and shrublands; MFWS: Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrubs; DXS: Deserts and xeric shrublands.
FIGURE 9 in Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
FIGURE 9. Currently known distribution of Anotosaura collaris (left) and of Anotosaura, Colobosauroides and Dryadosaura (right). On the right, colors represent different biomes.
FIGURE 5 in Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
FIGURE 5. Skeleton of Anotosaura collaris (MZUSP 103837), snout-vent length 42.8 mm. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views of the skull. (D) Ventral view of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs. (E) Ventral view of the pelvic girdle and hindlimbs. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; cl, clavicle; cm, columella; cn, coronoid; d, dentary; ept, epipterygoid; exc, exoccipital; f, frontal; fe, femur; fi, fibula; icl, interclavicle; is, ischium; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; obp, orbitosphenoid; or, occipital recess; p, parietal; pa.pr, alar process of the prootic; pb, pubis; pd.p, descending process of the parietal; pf, prefrontal pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pof, postorbitofrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; ra, radius; s.v, sacral vertebra; scc, scapulocoracoid; so, supraoccipital; spc, suprascapula; sq, squamosal; sra, surangular; st, sternum; st.r, sternal rib; ti, tibia; ul, ulna; v, vomer.
Figure 4 in The Zagros Mountains acting as a natural barrier to gene flow in the Middle East: more evidence from the evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Uromasticinae: Saara)
Figure 4. Chronogram of diversification events based on two mtDNA (Cytb and 16S) and one nDNA (ACM4) genes for Uromasticinae, including the genera Saara and Uromastyx. Blue bars show 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals of the estimated node ages; values indicated on branches are mean node ages (Mya).
Figure 1 in Geographic variation and systematic review of the lizard genus Vanzosaura (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae), with the description of a new species
Figure 1. Dorsal view of the head of Vanzosaura spp., with arrows indicating the presence (A) or absence (B) of contact between the prefrontals.
FIGURE 1 in A critical review and systematic discussion of recent classification proposals for liolaemid lizards
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships among the major clades of liolaemid lizards as currently understood (black text) and proposed by Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005; red text). Major clades recovered by Espinoza et al. (2004) (see also Schulte et al. 2000, 2003). Major clade names follow Etheridge (1995) and Schulte et al. (2000). Relationships and clade names for taxa within the boulengeri series are those recovered by Abdala (2007), also based on morphological and molecular data. As defined by P-D&N, (1) their genus Phrynosaura is nested within the genus Liolaemus; (2) their subgenus Ceiolaemus is nested within the subgenus Eulaemus; and (3) their subgenus Eulaemus is paraphyletic with respect to the genus Phrynosaura, subgenus Ceiolaemus, and subgenus Ortholaemus. See text for details and Fig. 2 for additional comments.
Figure 8 in A novel epidermal gland type in lizards (α-gland): structural organization, histochemistry, protein profile and phylogenetic origins
Figure 8. Ancestral state reconstructions of ecological and α-gland/flash mark related characters of tropidurid lizards.
Figure 7 in A novel epidermal gland type in lizards (α-gland): structural organization, histochemistry, protein profile and phylogenetic origins
Figure 7. Protein banding pattern of humeral (unspecialized skin) and femoral (skin with α-glands in males; females lack these glands completely) samples of one adult female (MZUSP-106467) and two adult males (male 1: MZUSP-106469 and male 2: MZUSP-106470) of Tropidurus catalanensis.
Figure 1 in A novel epidermal gland type in lizards (α-gland): structural organization, histochemistry, protein profile and phylogenetic origins
Figure 1. Phylogenetic distribution of major epidermal gland types in lizards. Multiple instances of independent evolution are supported for each gland type (i.e. follicular and generation glands). The topology shown is a pruned version of Pyron et al.'s (2013) squamate tree. Images of the external appearance and histological profile of the epidermal glands are from Cordylus niger Cuvier, 1829 and Smaug giganteus (Smith, 1844), respectively (images by J. H. van Wyk).
Figure 1 in Epidermal glands in cordylid lizards, with special reference to generation glands
Figure 1. Ecophysiological and behavioral character evolution in the Cordyliformes. Derived character states are indicated on the appropriate internode (adapted from Mouton & Van Wyk, 1997).
Figure 4 in Epidermal glands in cordylid lizards, with special reference to generation glands
Figure 4. Scatter plots of generation glands in males and females of (A) Cordylus cordylus and (B) Cordylus macropholis. In both plots the smallest individuals represent neonates.
FIGURE 7 in A new genus and species of Caribbean forest lizard (Diploglossidae; Celestinae) from southern Hispaniola
FIGURE 7. Dorsal view of a series of Guarocuyus jaraguanus sp. nov. showing variation. Specimens: males, MNHNSD 23.3934 (A), MNHNSD 23.3936 (B), 1005 (C), MNHNSD 23.3937 (D), MNHNSD 23.3935 (E), and IIBZ-HER00006 (F), and females, IIBZ-HER00007–00008 (G–H).
Figure 3 in A strikingly ornamented fossil alligator lizard (Squamata: Abronia) from the Miocene of California
Figure 3. Selected cranial elements of Abronia cuyama sp. nov. A, B, premaxilla in anterior and posterior view, respectively. C, D, left maxilla in lateral and dorsal view, respectively. E, left septomaxilla in dorsal view. F, right quadrate and separate pieces of right squamosal in lateral view. G, right vomer in lateral view. H, right jugal in lateral view. I, vomerine process of the left palatine in medial view. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: a.pr, anterior process; d.o, dorsal ossification; f.pr, facial process; J.s, jugal spur; La, lacrimal; mx.lp, maxillary lappet; mx.pr, maxillary process; n.pr, nasal process; o.pr, orbital process; pa.pr, palatine process; pd.fl, posterodorsal flange; p.pr.Smx, posterior process of the septomaxilla; p.pr.Sq, posterior process of the squamosal; t.r, temporal ramus; v.k, ventral keel; v.l, ventral lamina; vn, vomeronasal region.
Figure 3 in Subspecies at crossroads: the evolutionary significance of genomic and phenotypic variation in a wide-ranging Australian lizard (Ctenotus pantherinus)
Figure 3. Geographical distribution of the characters proposed to diagnose subspecies in Ctenotus pantherinus. The top left panel indicates the presumed ranges of the four subspecies as in Figure 1B: C. p. acripes (a), C. p. calx (c), C. p. ocellifer (o) and C. p. pantherinus (p). For the quantitative characters (remaining left panels), colours of circles indicate average trait values in a locality. Juveniles (<75 mm) were not included in the snout–vent length map. For the qualitative characters (right panels), pie charts indicate the relative frequency of alternative character states in a locality. Some character states tended to be more frequent in certain regions, yet many specimens deviated from these regional trends.
Figure 5 in Subspecies at crossroads: the evolutionary significance of genomic and phenotypic variation in a wide-ranging Australian lizard (Ctenotus pantherinus)
Figure 5. Phylogenetic relationships in Ctenotus pantherinus and geographical distribution of inferred clades. A, phylogenetic tree based on a dataset including 85 743 nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms from a double-digest restriction site-associated data (ddRAD) approach. B, tree based on the cytochrome b mitochondrial marker. Asterisks indicate samples from the type locality of C. p. acripes, a taxon that we deem invalid (see main text). C, geographical distributions of major nuclear clades. D, distributions of major mitochondrial clades. Nuclear and mitochondrial trees show multiple points of discordance and limited correspondence to putative population assignments to subspecies.
Figure 4 in Subspecies at crossroads: the evolutionary significance of genomic and phenotypic variation in a wide-ranging Australian lizard (Ctenotus pantherinus)
Figure 4. Evidence of weak and inconsistent phenotypic and phylogenetic coherence and distinctiveness of Ctenotus pantherinus subspecies. A, morphospace defined by two axes from non-parametric multidimensional scaling on seven characters scored from museum specimens (N = 145). Many specimens putatively corresponding to the same subspecies (based on geographical ranges) did not group in morphological space, whereas samples assignable to different subspecies often grouped together. B, C, both the nuclear (B) and mitochondrial (C) phylogenetic analyses suggest paraphyly of subspecies. For detailed phylogenetic trees and corresponding clade distributions, see Figure 5.
FIGURE 8 in A new lizard species of the Liolaemus kingii group (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from northwestern Chubut province (Argentina)
FIGURE 8. General view of the habitat of Liolaemus attenboroughi sp. nov., showing grass steppe with scattered rocks.
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