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7,370 results for “supplementation”
Supplemental material from: ESR1 mutations associated with EIS change conformation of ligand receptor complex and alter transcriptome profile
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS) arises from rare mutations in estrogen receptor α (ERα, encoded by ESR1 gene) resulting in the inability of estrogen to exert its biological effects. Due to the rarity, mutations in ESR1 gene and the underlying molecular mechanisms of EIS have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we investigate known ESR1 mutants, Q375H and R394H, associated with EIS patients using in vitro and in vivo systems. Comparison of the transcriptome and DNA methylome from stable cell lines of both Q375H and R394H clinical mutants show a differential profile compared to WT ERα resulting in loss of estrogen-responsiveness. Molecular dynamic simulation shows that both ESR1 mutations change the ERα conformation of the ligand receptor complexes. Furthermore, we generated a mouse model Esr1-Q, harboring the human mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Female and male Esr1-Q mice are infertile and have similar phenotypes to αERKO mice. Overall phenotypes of the Esr1-Q mice correspond to those observed in the Q375H patient. Finally, we explore the effects of a synthetic progestogen and a GnRH inhibitor in the Esr1-Q mice for potentially reversing the impaired female reproductive tract function. These findings provide an important basis for understanding the molecular mechanistic consequences associated with EIS.
Data from: Solar radiation during rewarming from torpor in elephant shrews: supplementation or substitution of endogenous heat production?
Many small mammals bask in the sun during rewarming from heterothermy, but the implications of this behaviour for their energy balance remain little understood. Specifically, it remains unclear whether solar radiation supplements endogenous metabolic thermogenesis (i.e., rewarming occurs through the additive effects of internally-produced and external heat), or whether solar radiation reduces the energy required to rewarm by substituting (i.e, replacing) metabolic heat production. To address this question, we examined patterns of torpor and rewarming rates in eastern rock elephant shrews (Elephantulus myurus) housed in outdoor cages with access to either natural levels of solar radiation or levels that were experimentally reduced by means of shade cloth. We also tested whether acclimation to solar radiation availability was manifested via phenotypic flexibility in basal metabolic rate (BMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) capacity and/or summit metabolism (Msum). Rewarming rates varied significantly among treatments, with elephant shrews experiencing natural solar radiation levels rewarming faster than conspecifics experiencing solar radiation levels equivalent to approximately 20% or 40% of natural levels. BMR differed significantly between individuals experiencing natural levels of solar radiation and conspecifics experiencing approximately 20% of natural levels, but no between-treatment difference was evident for NST capacity or Msum. The positive relationship between solar radiation availability and rewarming rate, together with the absence of acclimation in maximum non-shivering and total heat production capacities, suggests that under the conditions of this study solar radiation supplemented rather than substituted metabolic thermogenesis as a source of heat during rewarming from heterothermy.
Supplemental figures and tables of a European multicenter validation study of the External Genitalia Score
<p><b>Context: </b>Standardized description of external genitalia is needed in the assessment of children with atypical genitalia.</p> <p><b>Objectives:<i> </i></b>To validate the External Genitalia Score (EGS), to present reference values for preterm and term babies up to 24 months and correlate obtained scores with anogenital distances (AGDs).</p> <p><b>Design, Setting: </b>A<b> </b>European multicentre (n=8) validation study was conducted from 07/2016 until 07/2018.</p> <p><b>Patients and Methods: </b>EGS is based on the external masculinization score but uses a gradual scale from female to male (range 0-12) and terminology appropriate for both sexes. The reliability of EGS and AGD's were determined by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cross-sectional data were obtained in 686 term (0-24 months), and 181 preterm babies and 111 babies with atypical genitalia.</p> <p><b>Results:<i> </i></b>ICC of EGS in typical and atypical genitalia is excellent and good. Median EGS (10<sup>th </sup>-<sup> </sup>90<sup>th </sup>centile) in males < 28 weeks gestation is 10 (8.6-11.5); in males 28-32 weeks 11.5 (9.2-12); in males 33-36 weeks 11.5 (10.5-12) and in full-term males 12 (10.5-12). In all female babies, EGS is 0 (0-0). The mean (SD) AGDl/u is 0.45 (0.1), with significant difference between AGDl/u in males 0.49 (0.1) and females 0.39 (0.1) and in-between values in DSD 0.43 (0.1). AGDl/u correlates with EGS in males with typical genitalia and in atypical genitalia.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>EGS is a reliable and valid tool to describe external genitalia in premature and term babies up to 24 months. EGS correlates with AGDl/u in males. It facilitates standardized assessment, clinical decision-making and multicenter research.</p>
Data from: Changes in melanocyte RNA and DNA methylation favor pheomelanin synthesis and may avoid systemic oxidative stress after dietary cysteine supplementation in birds
Cysteine plays essential biological roles, but excessive amounts produce cellular oxidative stress. Cysteine metabolism is mainly mediated by the enzymes cysteine dioxygenase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, respectively coded by the genes CDO1 and GCLC. Here we test a new hypothesis posing that the synthesis of the pigment pheomelanin also contributes to cysteine homeostasis in melanocytes, where cysteine can enter the pheomelanogenesis pathway. We conducted a experiment in the Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea, a bird producing large amounts of pheomelanin for feather pigmentation, to investigate if melanocytes show epigenetic lability under exposure to excess cysteine. We increased systemic cysteine levels in nuthatches by supplementing them with dietary cysteine during growth. This caused in feather melanocytes the downregulation of genes involved in intracellular cysteine metabolism (GCLC), cysteine transport to the cytosol from the extracellular medium (Slc7a11) and from melanosomes (CTNS), and regulation of tyrosinase activity (MC1R and ASIP). These changes were mediated by increases in DNA m5C in all genes excepting Slc7a11, which experienced RNA m6A depletion. Birds supplemented with cysteine synthesized more pheomelanin than controls, but did not suffer higher systemic oxidative stress. These results suggest that excess cysteine activates an epigenetic mechanism that favors pheomelanin synthesis and may protect from oxidative stress.
Supplemental data from: Global differences in risk factors, etiology and outcome of ischemic stroke in young adults
<p><b>Objective: </b>To study the global distribution of risk factors, causes and 3-month mortality of young ischemic stroke patients, by performing a patient data meta-analysis form different cohorts worldwide. </p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We did a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies which included consecutive ischemic stroke patients aged 18-50 years. We studied differences in prevalence of risk factors and causes between different ethnic groups, geographic regions and countries with different income levels. We investigated differences in 3-month mortality by mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>We included 17,663 patients from 32 cohorts in 29 countries. Hypertension and diabetes were most prevalent in Blacks (hypertension, 52.1%; diabetes, 20.7%) and Asians (hypertension 46.1%, diabetes, 20.9%). Large vessel atherosclerosis and small vessel disease were more often cause of stroke in high-income countries (HICs; both p<0.001), whereas ''other determined stroke'' and ''undetermined stroke'' were higher in low and middle-income countries (LMICs; both p<0.001). Patients in LMICs were younger, had less vascular risk factors, and despite this, more often died within 3 months than those from HICs (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42-4.36).</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>The ethnic and regional differences in risk factors and causes of stroke at young age provide an understanding of ethnic and regional differences in incidence of ischemic stroke. Our results also visualize the dissimilarities in outcome after stroke in young adults that exist between LMICs and HICs, which should serve as a call to action to improve healthcare facilities in LMICs.</p>
Data from: Zinc supplementation inhibits complement activation in age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. AMD is a multifactorial disorder but complement-mediated inflammation at the level of the retina plays a pivotal role. Oral zinc supplementation can reduce the progression of AMD but the precise mechanism of this protective effect is as yet unclear. We investigated whether zinc supplementation directly affects the degree of complement activation in AMD and whether there is a relation between serum complement catabolism during zinc administration and the complement factor H (CFH) gene or the Age-Related Maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) genotype. In this open-label clinical study, 72 randomly selected AMD patients in various stages of AMD received a daily supplement of 50 mg zinc sulphate and 1 mg cupric sulphate for three months. Serum complement catabolism–defined as the C3d/C3 ratio–was measured at baseline, throughout the three months of supplementation and after discontinuation of zinc administration. Additionally, downstream inhibition of complement catabolism was evaluated by measurement of anaphylatoxin C5a. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of zinc on complement activation in vitro. AMD patients with high levels of complement catabolism at baseline exhibited a steeper decline in serum complement activation (p<0.001) during the three month zinc supplementation period compared to patients with low complement levels. There was no significant association of change in complement catabolism and CFH and ARMS2 genotype. In vitro zinc sulphate directly inhibits complement catabolism in hemolytic assays and membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition on RPE cells. This study provides evidence that daily administration of 50 mg zinc sulphate can inhibit complement catabolism in AMD patients with increased complement activation. This could explain part of the mechanism by which zinc slows AMD progression.
Automatic learning of pre-miRNAs from different species – Supplemental Material
<p>In this study we investigated to which degree the features used to represent the sequences, the learning algorithm and the training and test species impacted the performance of pre-miRNA classification.</p> <p>The folder <em>multispecies.tar.xz </em>contains the data and the scripts necessary to reproduce the results in the publication in BMC Bioinformatics.</p>
FIGURE 5 in New eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from sedges in Poland and supplement description of Eriophyes lentiginosus Mitrofanov, Sharonov et Sekerskaja, 1983
FIGURE 5: Eriophyes lentiginosus nymph: D—dorsal aspect; CN—coxisternum and 3a and c2 setae
FIGURE 1 in Supplement to the knowledge of the genus Batraxis Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) of China
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of Batraxis males. A. B. tuberculata. B. B. frontalis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Second supplement for the genus Phlugiolopsis Zeuner, 1940 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China, with eight new species
FIGURE 15. Predicted potential geographic distribution for Phlugiolopsis.
An Automated, Experimenter-Free Method for the Standardised, Operant Cognitive Testing of Rats __ Data supplementing __
<p>These data supplement the article:</p> <p><strong>An Automated, Experimenter-Free Method for the Standardised, Operant Cognitive Testing of Rats</strong></p> <p><em>Marion Rivalan, Humaira Munawar, Anna Fuchs, York Winter (2017)</em></p> <ul> <li>Published: January 6, 2017</li> <li>http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169476</li> </ul> <p>Use is free for academic purposes, provided the aforementioned article is appropriately cited.</p> <p>The directory contains the following file: Pone_2016_DataSupplement-Zenodo.xlsx</p> <p>Explanations are within the document.</p>
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the fangblenny Adelotremus from Indonesia, with supplemental description of A. leptus (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)
FIGURE 3. Adelotremus deloachi holotype, (right side reversed). Photograph by Mark V. Erdmann.
Supplemental Tables S3
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Supplemental material for Towards Better Localization of Predicate-Related Faults in SBFL
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STUDYING THE CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENT "SUSTAVIN" IN ADDITION TO STANDARD THERAPY FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE JOINTS
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Fig. 2 in Arboreal Beetles Of Neotropical Forests: Taxonomic Supplement For The Agra Virgata And Ohausi Groups With A New Species And Additional Distribution Records (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 2. Male aedeagus of Agra mime, n. sp., a. left lateral, b. dorsal, and c. ventral aspects.
Fig. 1 in Arboreal Beetles Of Neotropical Forests: Taxonomic Supplement For The Agra Virgata And Ohausi Groups With A New Species And Additional Distribution Records (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 1. Elytra (dorsal aspect) of Agra mime, new species.
Fig. 2 in A Supplement to the Revision of theAnthaxia(Haplanthaxia)KheilianaSpecies-Group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Anthaxiini)
Fig. 2. Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) bellamyorum, aedeagus, paratype, 0.7 mm.
Fig. 1 in A Supplement to the Revision of theAnthaxia(Haplanthaxia)KheilianaSpecies-Group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Anthaxiini)
Fig. 1. Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) bellamyorum, holotype, male, 3.9 mm;.
Supplemental package of a study on the implications of AI-based tools for the human aspects of software engineering
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.