Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 5 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 5. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of seven meristic characters of three laboratory hybrids, 18 specimens of A. i. arizonae (including the maternal parent of the hybrids), and 18 specimens of A. t. marmorata (including the paternal parent of the hybrids). All samples represent populations in the vicinities of those from which the parents of the hybrids were collected. Note that the three hybrids are intermediate to their individual parents on PC1.

FIGURE 12 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 12. The large tissue sample from the adult-sized, apparently female (but intersex) laboratory hybrid (AMNH R-153158). A. An entire section (AMNH R-153158A, slide 1, section 3; scale bar: 1 mm). Rectangles identify enlarged views in B–E. B. Adrenal gland (AMNH R-153158A, slide 1, section 3). C and D. Adrenal gland and transition to adjacent ovary (AMNH R-153158A, slide 1, section 3). E. Ovary (AMNH R-153158A, slide 1, section 3). Scale bars for B–E: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 1. Karyotype of laboratory hybrid of A. i. arizonae (♀) × A. t. marmorata (♂), AMNH R-153158, adult-sized intersex individual that superficially resembled a female. Upper row represents the haploid complement of A. t. marmorata (with 3 large Set I metacentric and submetacentric macrochromosomes including the X + 8 biarmed Set II macrochromosomes + 12 Set III microchromosomes). Lower row represents the haploid complement of A. i. arizonae (with 1 Set I macrochromosome including its characteristic NOR and satellite [arrow] + 12 subtelocentric Set II macrochromosomes + 10 Set III microchromosomes). Line represents 10 microns.

FIGURE 6 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 6. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of seven meristic characters of three hybrids, 18 specimens of A. i. arizonae (including the maternal parent of the hybrids), 18 specimens of A. t. marmorata (including the paternal parent of the hybrids), and 11 specimens of the unisexual A. neomexicana. All samples represent populations in the vicinities of those from which the parents of the hybrids were collected. Note that the three hybrids are intermediate to their individual parents and that A. neomexicana most closely resembles its maternal progenitor species, A. t. marmorata on PC1.

FIGURE 11 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 11. The small tissue sample from the adult-sized, apparently female (but intersex) laboratory hybrid (AMNH R-153158). A. Mesonephros and adrenal gland (AMNH R-153158B, slide 6, row 2, section 1). B. Adrenal gland (AMNH R-153158B, slide 3, row 1, section 10). C. Mesonephros and adrenal gland (AMNH R-153158B, slide 5, row 1, section 6). D. Mesonephros and adrenal gland (AMNH R-153158B, slide 6, row 2, section 1). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 8. Gross morphology of the adult-sized, apparently female (but intersex) laboratory hybrid (AMNH R-153158) of A. i. arizonae × A. t. marmorata. A. Ventral view of the viscera through the opened body wall; the organs have not been disturbed. The arrows indicate a boundary between the left adrenal gland and the left ovary. B. The left kidney and dorsal body wall visible with the adrenal/ovary mass displaced to the right. C. Adrenal/ovary mass displaced to the left. D. Remaining viscera after removal of the adrenal/ovary mass and a suspected testis. Scale bars: 5 mm. Abbreviations in figures 8–17 are explained in Materials and Methods.

FIGURE 13 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 13. The large tissue sample from the adult-sized, apparently female (but intersex) laboratory hybrid (AMNH R-153158). A. An entire section (AMNH R-153158A, slide 23, section 1; scale bar: 1 mm). Rectangles identify enlarged views in B–I. B–C. Adrenal gland (AMNH R-153158A, slide 23, section 1). D–E. Adrenal gland and ovary (AMNH R-153158A, slide 23, section 1). F–I. Ovary (AMNH R-153158A, slide 23, section 1). H. An enlargement from slide 23, section 2 showing an atretic follicle in the ovary. I. An enlargement from slide 23, section 2, showing yolk granules. Scale bars for B–I: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 7. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a canonical variate analysis of seven meristic characters of three a priori groups: 18 specimens of A. i. arizonae (including the maternal parent of the laboratory hybrids), 18 specimens of A. t. marmorata (including the paternal parent of the hybrids), and 11 specimens of A. neomexicana. All samples represent populations in the vicinities of those from which the parents of the hybrids were collected. The three laboratory hybrids were included in the CVA as unassigned, for classification to the a priori group that each most closely resembled. Note the position of the hybrid group intermediate to A. i. arizonae, A. t. marmorata, and A. neomexicana clusters. This suggested that the hybrid group itself is distinctive, which was verified by a followup CVA (not illustrated, but see text).

Fig. 12 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 12. Landscape at Misión Tukuko (locality 97; Estado Zulia). Heteromys anomalus was frequently trapped in the disturbed forests in the background (as well as in regenerating thickets and small patches of vegetation along streams), but never in the open anthropogenic pastures in the foreground. Photographed in July 1986 by Robert S. Voss.

Fig. 11 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 11. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA) of type series of Heteromys oasicus and H. anomalus and its synonyms. Adults in age classes 4–6 were used here. PC1type represents a size factor and was multiplied by —1 so that smaller specimens appear to the left and larger ones to the right (table 4). Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among specimens explained), and specimens are marked by the first letter of the following respective series: a, anomalus; b, brachialis; h, hershkovitzi; j, jesupi; o, oasicus; t, Trinidad (Caura, used as an additional sample of the nominotypical anomalus). Note the small size of specimens of H. oasicus, especially in contrast to the holotype of H. anomalus.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 10. Plot of rostral length (RL) versus age class for specimens of Heteromys oasicus from the Península de Paraguana´, Venezuela (A) and of H. anomalus from Latal, Venezuela (•). Rostral length was chosen to represent overall size here, because it correlated highly with growth in the group (Anderson, unpubl.) and was available for most specimens from Paraguana´. Age classes do not represent a continuous variable (such as age in days), but rather categories roughly corresponding to relative age (see text and Voss et al., 1990). Note the extremely small size of specimens of H. oasicus, with the adult in age class 5 smaller than individuals of age class 2 in the Latal sample of H. anomalus.

Fig. 9 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 9. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the canonical variates analysis (CVA) of geographic variation performed on specimens of Heteromys in age class 4 from the 13 geographic samples. Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among centroids of geographic samples explained). Specimens of H. oasicus are marked by solid triangles, and individuals of H. anomalus are denoted by circles (solid circles for the South American mainland and open circles for the island of Trinidad). The first canonical axis can be interpreted as a measure of size (table 3), with large specimens having positive scores.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 8. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA) of geographic variation performed on 174 specimens of Heteromys in age class 4 without regard to geographic sample. PC1geo represents a size factor and was here multiplied by —1 so that smaller specimens appear to the left and larger ones to the right (table 1). Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues (proportion of variation among specimens explained). Specimens of H. oasicus are marked by solid triangles, and individuals of H. anomalus are denoted by circles (solid circles for the South American mainland and open circles for the island of Trinidad). Note the strikingly small size of specimens of H. oasicus.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 7. Dorsal views of skulls of Heteromys anomalus from Tukuko (Zulia, Venezuela), Valera (Trujillo, Venezuela), and Caura (Trinidad) and of H. oasicus from the Península de Paraguaná (Falcón, Venezuela). All specimens are males in age class 4.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 4. Landscape at Cerro Santa Ana (localities 101 and 102; Estado Falcón), showing vertical stratification of vegetation types on its slopes. Upper: View of Cerro Santa Ana from the WNW. Note

Fig. 3 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 3. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the holotype of Heteromys oasicus (USNM 456325), a male in age class 4.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 6. Map of the Península de Paraguaná showing the location of major geographic features and collection localities of Heteromys oasicus (Δ; see appendix 1 for complete provenience and museum catalog numbers). Gray shading indicates regions above 200 m; the small area above ca. 550 m on Cerro Santa Ana that supports evergreen cloud forest is largely overprinted by the symbol for locality 102.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 5. Map of northwestern South America showing collection localities of Heteromys oasicus (Δ) and Heteromys anomalus (•) in Colombia and western Venezuela. Localities are numbered to correspond with information given in the Gazetteer (appendix 1). Heteromys anomalus continues its distribution to the east in northcentral and northeastern Venezuela, but H. oasicus is endemic to the Península de Paraguana´. One locality of H. australis is known from Venezuela (locality 99, overprinted here by locality 74 of H. anomalus), but that species is primarily distributed to the west in Panama, Colombia,

Fig. 2 in Taxonomy, Distribution, and Natural History of the Genus Heteromys (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Western Venezuela, with the Description of a Dwarf Species from the Península de Paraguaná

Fig. 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of a cranium of Heteromys, showing method of taking cranial measurements. Abbreviations and measurements are defined in the Materials and Methods.