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FIGURE 5 in Three new species of Colomastix Grube, 1861 (Amphipoda: Colomastigidea) from Todos-os-Santos Bay, northeastern Brazilian coast, with identification keys to Atlantic Ocean species

FIGURE 5. Colomastix iemanja sp. nov. Holotype, adult male, 2.6 mm, Marine Itaparica Island, (12°53'21.7"S, 38°41'00.9"W), Bahia state, Brazil, UERJ 91. Paratypes: juvenile male (dissected and drawn) 2.6 mm, same data as holotype, UERJ 124. Adult female, 2.7 mm, same data as holotype, UERJ 95. Adult female, 3.0 mm, only fMp (ventral), same data as holotype, UERJ 96. Image Hd, A1–2, eyes damaged during dissection Scale bars: 0.5 mm for Hd, A1–2 and jHd, A1–2; 0.2 mm for fHd (dorsal) and Gn1; 0.1 mm for Mp (lateral and ventral), jGn1 and fMp (lateral and ventral); 0.05 mm for fMd, fMx1–2.

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FIGURE 2 in Three new species of Colomastix Grube, 1861 (Amphipoda: Colomastigidea) from Todos-os-Santos Bay, northeastern Brazilian coast, with identification keys to Atlantic Ocean species

FIGURE 2. Schematic image showing some of the taxonomically important characters in Colomastix. A: pereopod, medial view; B: typical gnathopod 1 of male, medial view; C: female gnathopod 1, medial view; D: maxilliped, ventral view; E: maxil- liped, lateral view; F: pleopod, medial view; G: uropod 3, medial view; H: uropod 1 typical of males; I: different morphologies of the apex of the inner ramus of uropod 1; J: Telson.

FIGURES 1-8 in Anatomical Study On Myoforceps Aristatus, An Invasive Boring Bivalve In S.E. Brazilian Coast (Mytilidae)

FIGURES 1-8. Myoforceps aristatus shells: 1-4) MZSP 48274 #1 (from Ubatuba, SP), 1) dorsal view; 2) left view; 3) right valve, inner view; 4) left valve, inner view; total length = 14.8 mm; 5-8) MZSP 48275 #1 (from Arraial do Cabo, RJ); 5) right view; 6) left view; 7) ventral view; 8) posterior view, showing characteristic crossed posterior projections; total length = 11.1 mm; 9-10) FMNH 311641 (from Florida), ventral and right views, specimen with contrary crossed posterior projections, total length = 24.1 mm.

FIGURES 16-18 in Anatomical Study On Myoforceps Aristatus, An Invasive Boring Bivalve In S.E. Brazilian Coast (Mytilidae)

FIGURES 16-18. Myoforceps aristatus anatomy: 16) whole right view, semi-diagrammatic representation of digestive tract and topology of main muscles, mucous gland (mg) and pericardium; 17) stomach right view, longitudinal section along gastric right wall; 18) ventral region of posterior adductor muscle (pa), with most integument and right gill removed, and topology of some adjacent structures shown. Scales = 1 mm.

FIGURES 18‑21 in Redescription Of Hanleya Brachyplax (Polyplacophora, Hanleyidae) From The South-Southeastern Brazilian Coast

FIGURES 18‑21: Hanleya brachyplax, anatomy. 18, whole dorsal view, valves removed, showing main muscle groups, scale = 10 mm; 19, whole ventral view, foot and visceral structures mostly removed, showing main muscle groups, scale = 10 mm; 20, pericardial region, ventral view, ventral wall of pericardium and adjacent structures removed, topology of some associated organs shown, scale = 5 mm; 21, isolated gill filament as in situ, scale = 2 mm.

FIGURES 30‑32 in Redescription Of Hanleya Brachyplax (Polyplacophora, Hanleyidae) From The South-Southeastern Brazilian Coast

FIGURES 30‑32: Hanleya brachyplax, anatomy. 30, right odontophore cartilage, medial view, muscle origins shown; 31, same, lateral view; 32, central nervous system, frontal-anterior view, topology of mouth shown. Scale = 2 mm.

FIGURES 26‑29 in Redescription Of Hanleya Brachyplax (Polyplacophora, Hanleyidae) From The South-Southeastern Brazilian Coast

FIGURES 26‑29: Hanleya brachyplax, anatomy. 26, dorsal wall of buccal mass, ventral-inner view; 27, odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages deflected, most left muscles also deflected, left m4m sectioned longitudinally; 28, odontophore, ventral view, superficial layer of membranes mostly removed, radular sac longitudinally sectioned; 29, same, superficial layer of membranes and muscles as in situ. Scale = 2 mm.

FIGURES 22‑25 in Redescription Of Hanleya Brachyplax (Polyplacophora, Hanleyidae) From The South-Southeastern Brazilian Coast

FIGURES 22‑25: Hanleya brachyplax, anatomy. 22, whole ventral view, foot removed, visceral structures deflected, scale = 10 mm; 23, buccal mass, right view; 24, odontophore, right view, superficial layer of muscles and membranes removed; 25, same, dorsal view, most structures slightly deflected; scales (23-25) = 2 mm.

FIGURES 1‑17 in Redescription Of Hanleya Brachyplax (Polyplacophora, Hanleyidae) From The South-Southeastern Brazilian Coast

FIGURES 1‑17: Hanleya brachyplax, holotype, photos and SEM. 1, dorsal view, length = 416 mm; 2, right view; 3-5, head valve, dorsal, ventral, and right views; 6-8, fourth valve, dorsal, ventral, and right views; 9-11, tail valve, dorsal, ventral, and left views, scale = 5 mm; view 12, girdle, middle portion of right side, profile (ventral region at left); 13, same, view from edge; 14, same, higher magnification; 15, same, detail of ventral surface; 16, radula, anterior region; 17, radula, detail of a portion preceding buccal mass. Scales = 500 µm, except 4 = 200 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

FIGURE 6. Acarnus tupiniquim sp. nov. (Holotype UFBA 2453). A, preserved specimen; B, skeletal architecture; C, style; D and E, detail of the style; F, tylote; G and H, detail of the tylote; I and J, tylostyles; K, L and M, detail of the tylostyles; N, cladotylote I; O and P, detail of the cladotylote I; Q, cladotylote II; R and S, detail of the cladotylote II; T, toxa I; U, detail of the toxa I; V, toxa II; W, detail of the toxa II; X, palmate isochelae. Scales: A, 0.5 cm; B, 100 µm; C, 20 µm; D, E, F, 10 µm; G, H, 3 µm; I, J, 10 µm; K, L, M, 1 µm; N, 20 µm; O, P, 3 µm; Q, 20 µm; R, S, 3 µm; T, 50 µm; U, 1 µm; V, 10 µm; W, 1 µm; X, 2 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

FIGURE 4. Acarnus hooperi sp. nov. (Paratype MNRJ 6491). A, style; B, detail of the style; C, tylotes (a polytyloted form in the right); D, detail of the tylotes with microspined ends; E, cladotylotes I and II; F, detail of the cladotylote I; G, acanthostyles; H, detail of the acanthostyle with blunt spines; I, two toxa II (deeply curved); J, toxa I (accolada); K, palmate isochelae. Scales: A, 100µm; 40µm; B, 10µm; C, 100µm; D, 5µm; E, 40µm; F, 5µm; G, 20µm; H, 5µm; I and J, 40µm; K, 5µm.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

FIGURE 5. Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (MNRJ 4913). A, cladotylote I; B, detail of the cladotylote I; C, cladotylote II; D, detail of the cladotylote II; E, palmate isochelae; F, style; G, detail of the styles with microspined base; H, tylote; I, detail of the tylote with microspined ends; J, toxas II (deeply curved); K, toxa I (accolada) and an isochelae (arrow point it). Scales: A, 40µm; B, 10µm; C, 20µm; D, 5µm; E, 5µm; F, 100µm; G, 10µm; H, 100µm; I, 5µm; J and K, 40µm.

FIGURE 3. Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

FIGURE 3. Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 (MNRJ 14290). A, style; B, detail of the style; C, tylote; D, detail of the tylotes with microspined ends; E, cladotylotes I; F, detail of the cladotylote I; G, cladotylotes II; H, detail of the cladotylote II; I, toxa I (accolada); J, toxa II (deeply curved); K, toxa III (oxhorn); L, palmate isochelae. Scales: A, 100µm; B, 20µm; C, 60µm; D, 4µm; E, 100 µm; F, 20 µm; G, 50µm; H, 10µm; I, 50µm; J, 40µm; K, 20µm; L, 4µm.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

FIGURE 1. Map indicating the collecting localities of the species in (A) Brazil; (B) Baía de Camamu. Legend: ● A. innominatus ● A. toxeata ● Acarnus hooperi sp. nov. ● Acarnus tupiniquim sp. nov.

FIGURE 2. Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

FIGURE 2. Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 (MNRJ 14290). A, specimen in situ; B, detail of an oscule; C and D, transversal section of skeleton. Scales: A, 2.5 cm; B, 4 mm; C, 200 µm; D, 150 µm.

TABLE 4 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

TABLE 4. General table of measurements of the spicular set of Acarnus species. Values are expressed in minimum–medium–maximum (µm).<table><tbody><tr><th>Acarnus species</th><th>Distribution/ Depth (m)</th><th>Styles</th><th>Tylotes</th><th>Tylostyles</th><th>Subtylostyles</th><th>Spicules Cladotylotes (length×width)</th><th>Toxas (length)</th><th>Acanthostyles</th><th>Chelae (length)</th><th>Microxeas</th></tr><tr><th>“Innominatus ” species group</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>Indian Ocean</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. claudei van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype MNHN DCL. 524</th><td>(South Africa, Cape Town, Mossel Bay and</td><td>175–400/ 6–20</td><td>130–230/ 3–4</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.160–230/8 II.80–110/2</td><td>I.200–250 II.50–140 III. 50–200/3–5</td><td>absent</td><td>11–18</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Pt. Elisabeth)/-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>I.295–361.1–</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. erithacus de Laubenfels, 1927 Paratype LACM # 21416</th><td>Pacific Coast of USA, Gulf of California/ 36</td><td>355–375.2– 400/7.5– 13.4–17.5</td><td>180–226.4– 265/ 2.5– 3.7–5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.170–192.9–225/ 5–9.1–15 II.70–74.6–85/ 2.5–2.9–5</td><td>450 II.145–191.3– 250 III.40–72.3–</td><td>absent</td><td>10–13.4– 15</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. hoshinoi van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype NTM Z2234</th><td>South India and Sri Lanka, Bonaparte Coast/ intertidal</td><td>260–450/ 16–25</td><td>240–280/ 3–4</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.195–280/6–15 II.70–140/3–5</td><td>I.190–590/ 1–3 II.25–170 III.45–250/ 2–5</td><td>absent</td><td>6–9–10</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. innominatus Gray, 1867 Holotype BMNH Bk 309</th><td>Ocidental Atlantic (Caribbean, Brazil)/-</td><td>280–460/ 11–22</td><td>180–280/ 4</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.230–300/6–12 II.80–115/2–3</td><td>I.220–450/ 0.5– 1.5 II.35–150/ 1.5–2 III.50– 160/ 2–4</td><td>absent</td><td>9–24</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. tenuis Dendy, 1896 Lectotype BMNH 1902.10.18.62 (RN974)</th><td>Australia/ -</td><td>152–184– 205/2</td><td>96–142– 176/ 2</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.80–137–152/2 II.absent</td><td>I. absent II. absent III. absent</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. ternatus Ridley, 1884 Paratype NTMZ. 1584</th><td>Indian Ocean (East African, South India and Sri Lanka)/-</td><td>288/15</td><td>250/ 4</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.135–166/4 II.absent</td><td>I up to 800 II.50–150 III.75–110</td><td>absent</td><td>20</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>Southern Red</th></tr><tr><th>A. thielei Lévi, 1958 Holotype MNHN #A. 107</th><td>Sea (Bonaparte Coast, South India and Sri</td><td>230–296/ 5–6</td><td>206–225/ 2–3</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.130–180/3–4.5 II.61–79/1–2</td><td>I.240–420 II.25–70 III.60–200</td><td>absent</td><td>7–9</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Lanka)/-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. wolffgangi Keller, 1889 Holotype MNHN DCL.1297</th><td>Indian Ocean, Southern Red Sea, Austrália, Indonésia/-</td><td>286–300/13</td><td>210/2</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.216/10 II.110/3</td><td>I.510–900 II. absent III.80</td><td>absent</td><td>15–20</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>“Tortilis ” species group</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Indo-West</th></tr><tr><th>A. bergquistae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype QM GL 706</th><td>Pacific (North East Autralia, Indonesia, India,</td><td>197–334/ 7–16</td><td>183–363/ 3–7</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.118–212/4–8 II.58–109/3–5</td><td>I. absent II.80–265 III.44–110</td><td>absent</td><td>7–16</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>Madagascar)/ 10</th></tr><tr><th></th><td>West Indian</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>I.Three-claded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. deweerdtae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype ZMA POR. 8761</th><td>(Bonaire, Curaçao, Barbados, NorthEast</td><td>400–566/ 5–6</td><td>290–350/ 3–5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>cladomes 190–279/5–8 Four-claded 105– 128/2–4</td><td>I.160–400 II.40–180 III. absent</td><td>absent</td><td>15–20</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Colombia)/ 5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>II.67–86/1–2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. oaxaquensis AguilarCamacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013 Holotype MNC N 1.01/689</th><td>Mexican Tropical Pacific/ 4</td><td>192.5–325/ 3–10</td><td>105–268/ 2–5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.125–162.5/3–5 II.62.5–82.5/2–3</td><td>I.35–170 II.57.5–90 III. absent</td><td>absent</td><td>17.5–25</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. sabulum AguilarCamacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013 Holotype McNM 1.01/690</th><td>Pacific Coast of USA, Cortezian/ 3</td><td>200–263.5– 315/2.5–7.5– 10</td><td>150–167.5– 190/2–2.5–3</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.100–119.5–150/ 3.7–4.2–5 II.67.5–70.6–80/ 2.5–2.6–3</td><td>I.11.5–145.7– 165 II.25–45.5–80 III.30–31.2–35</td><td>absent</td><td>10–13.1– 15</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. topsenti Dendy, 1922 Syntype BM 1921.11.7.84</th><td>Western Indian Ocean/ 60</td><td>204–287/ 3–12</td><td>Amphitylotes 205–262/ 2–3.5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I. absent II.53–97/3–8</td><td>I. absent II. absent III.32–191/1–4</td><td>absent</td><td>9–12</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Atlantic,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Pacific and</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Indian Oceans</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(North Atlantic</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. tortilis Topsent, 1892 QM GL 706 (fragment NTM Z1538)</th><td>Ocean, Western India, Western and Northern</td><td>214–550/ 3-16</td><td>Amphitylotes 222–440/ 3.5–7</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.151–225/3–5 II.58–109/2.5–4</td><td>I. absent II. 15–265/1–2 III.44–130/1–5</td><td>absent</td><td>7–22</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Madagascar,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Torres Strait</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Northern Great</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Barrier Reef)/ 10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 Holotype MNHN DNBE 1037</th><td>Brazil/ 50</td><td>378–727/ 12-16</td><td>213–472/ 3–9</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.250–395/3–9 II.56–162/3</td><td>I.500–945 II.28–265 III. absent</td><td>absent</td><td>12–14</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. tupiniquim sp. nov. Holotype UFBA 2453-POR</th><td>Brazil/ 11</td><td>370–653– 900/7.5–10– 15</td><td>270–400– 560/2.5– 5.6–7.5</td><td>127.5– 155.8– 177.5/ 2.5–3.5–5</td><td>absent</td><td>I.127.5–184.8– 232.5/5–5.8–7.5 II.65–80.5–100/ 2.5–2.8–5</td><td>I.200–239.3– 310/2.0–2.1–2.5 II.47.5–66.8– 80/0.8–1.3–1.6 III. absent</td><td>absent</td><td>12.5– 15.8–17.5</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>“Souriei ”species group</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>A. bicladotylotus Hoshino, 1981 Holotype AR-1-10</th><td>Indo-West Pacific (Japan, Indonesia, Maldives, Seychelles)/</td><td>195–341– 385/8–10–12</td><td>205–267– 300/3–4.7–6</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.140–160–175/ 4–5.5–7 II.80–88–95/ 3–4–5</td><td>I.130–210/ 2–3 II.60–110/ 1–2 III. absent</td><td>80–90–95/ 3–4–5</td><td>15</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. caledoniensis Hooper & Lévi, 1993 Holotype QM G300724</th><td>intertidal zone Tropical Southwestern Pacific, SouthWest coast of the Noumea lagoon /23</td><td>absent</td><td>304–330– 365/3–5–6</td><td>absent</td><td>321–354–423/ 4–7–10</td><td>I.122–165–192/ 1–2–3 II.68–111–152/ 2–2.4–3.5</td><td>I.185–269–386/ 0.4–1.1–1.8 II.52–93–141/ 0.5–0.9–1.2 III. absent</td><td>95–111–129/ 2–3–4</td><td>14–18– 22</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. guentheri (Dendy, 1896) Holotype R.N. 473</th><td>Australia/-</td><td>absent</td><td>280/3</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I and II.absent</td><td>I. and II. absent III. about 80/ 1.5</td><td>absent</td><td>about 12</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. levii (Vacelet, 1960) Holotype St. K204</th><td>Western Mediterranean (Corsica)/ 47-55</td><td>315–480/ 6–9</td><td>260–460/ 3–4.5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.180–210/4.5–6 II.100–140/2–4</td><td>I.75–195/1.5 II.20–140/ 0.5–3 III. absent</td><td>55–115/3–5</td><td>13–16</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. michoacanensis AguilarCamacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013 Holotype MCNM 1.01/688</th><td>Mexican Tropical Pacific/ 8</td><td>207.5–277/ 5–8</td><td>155–260/ 2.5–5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.112.5–135/2.5–3 II.absent</td><td>I.152–210 II.42–92.5 III. absent</td><td>47.5–72.5/ 4–5.5</td><td>11.3– 12.5</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. microxeatus Nascimento & Pinheiro, 2023 Holotype 2986</th><td>Brasil/ intertidal</td><td>374–395.9– 424/12–21.1– 30</td><td>190–211– 249/2–3.1–5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.141–244–293/ 5–9.8–12 II.90–96.1–105/ 2–3.1–5</td><td>I.222–435.6– 656 II.50–128.9–313 III.35–55.2–80</td><td>61–77.7–98/ 2–3.4–5</td><td>10–10.7– 12</td><td>29–52.4– 202/5–7.8–12</td></tr><tr><th>A. nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype ZMA Por. 08768</th><td>Ocidental Atlantic (Caribbean, Brazil)/-</td><td>240–381/ 5–7</td><td>119–380/ 3–7</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.140–205/3–5 II.70–117/1–2</td><td>I.140–330 II.40–300 III.50–90/2–4</td><td>55–115/1–5</td><td>14–21</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. peruanus van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991 Holotype USNM 23264</th><td>Mexican Tropical Pacific, Central Peru/ on wave washed rocks</td><td>244–371/ 9–12</td><td>211–282/ 3–4</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.121–141/ 4–5 II.66–75/3</td><td>I.47.5–72.5/ 4–5.5 II.35–40 III. absent</td><td>82–97/4</td><td>13–17</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. primigenius Hiemstra & Hooper, 1991 Holotype ZMA Por 07693</th><td>Southern Indonesia, Sumbawa/ 18</td><td>99–166–240 /4–5.5–6</td><td>Anisotylotes 137–156– 184/2.5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.54–62.5–67/5 II.absent</td><td>I. absent II. absent III.44–30–46/ 1.5–3–4</td><td>60–66–68/5</td><td>14–17.5– 21.5</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. radovani (BouryEsnault, 1973) Holotype MNHN D.NBE 963</th><td>Ocidental Atlantic (Carribean, Brazil)/ 51 Atlantic Ocean</td><td>absent</td><td>350–473/ 3–4</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.210–218/4.5–6 II. absent</td><td>I.230–309/1.5 II.143–204/ 1.5–3 III.78– 104/3–6</td><td>80–213/3–9</td><td>19–22</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. souriei (Lévi, 1952) Holotype DCL. 1259</th><td>(Europe, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Caribbean, Brazil)/ 0.2-25</td><td>180–230/ 3–10</td><td>210–270/ 3</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.105–160/5 II. absent</td><td>I.190 II.150 III.80</td><td>I.100–165 II.67–80</td><td>14</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. tener Tanita, 1963 MNHN, DT. 1890</th><td>Japan, Central Pacific (Gambier Isl.)/-</td><td>260–340/ 8–10</td><td>180–320/ 2.5–5</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.130–190/5–6 II. absent</td><td>I. absent II. absent III.70–110/2</td><td>80–130/4–6</td><td>12–14</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>A. hooperi sp. nov. Holotype MNRJ 3942</th><td>Brazil/ 2.5-60</td><td>319–442.8– 505/ 7.9–10–13.3</td><td>266–345– 425/5.3–6– 7.9</td><td>absent</td><td>absent</td><td>I.172–210.7–260/ 8–8.9–10.6 II.79–97.8–122/ 2.6–3.3–5.3</td><td>I.133–209.5– 532 II.34.5–109.6– 218.1</td><td>66.5–97.7– 109/2.9–3.4–4.8</td><td>29.2– 34.4–39.9</td><td>absent</td></tr></tbody></table>......continued on the next page......continued on the next page......continued on the next page......continued on the next page

TABLE 1 in Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species

TABLE 1. Spicule measurements and distribution data of A. innominatus Gray, 1867. Values are expressed in minimum– medium–maximum (µm).<table><tbody><tr><th>Material examined</th><th>Styles</th><th>Tylotes</th><th>Cladotylotes (length×width)</th><th>Toxas (length) I. accolada; II. thin deeplycurved; III. oxhorn</th><th>Palmate Isochelae (length)</th><th>Locality and depth (m)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>MNRJ 14290</th><td>380–403–435/ 12–16.5–23</td><td>195–252.8– 300/4.7–6.4–7.5</td><td>I.225–284.4–315/ 11.5–13.5–16.2 II.95–117.1–160/ 4.9–5.6–6.5</td><td>I.240–316.5–560 II.80–125.8–200 III.55–97.5–150</td><td>11–14.4–22</td><td>Alagoas State. 1m</td></tr><tr><th>MNRJ 1920</th><td>388–431.3– 478/16–21.0–26</td><td>213–251.0– 292/5.3–7.1–7.8</td><td>I.194–251.8–289/ 10.6–11.5–13.3 II.109–123.2–135/ 5.3–7.1–7.9 (n=6)</td><td>I.239–435.3–651 II.48–103.5–173 III.42–57.9–82</td><td>10–15.6–18</td><td>Bahia State. Depth unknown.</td></tr><tr><th>ZMAPOR 03606</th><td>364–392.8– 422/10–16.0–24</td><td>223–277.7– 308/5.0–5.8–6.2</td><td>I.189–237.3–305/ 10–12.2–15 II.93–105–135/ 2.9– 4.0–6.3 (n=12)</td><td>I.345–488.4–619 II.69–123.8–162 III.32–58.8–80</td><td>13–13.9–16</td><td>Curaçao. Depth unknown.</td></tr><tr><th>MCN 1331</th><td>351–387.7– 430/13–15.3–22</td><td>189–245.8– 281/4.5–5.6–6.2</td><td>I.212–243.0–300/ 11–13.5–16 II.100–111.4–118/ 3.5–4.7–6.0</td><td>I.238–355.5–542 II.55–78.3–112 III.41–67.5–92</td><td>10–16.7–23</td><td>Australia. Depth unknown.</td></tr><tr><th>MCN 2661</th><td>363–424.3– 410/14–17.0–24</td><td>209–242.0– 281/5.3–7.1–7.8</td><td>I.194–251.8–289/ 10.6–11.5–13.3 II.109–123.2–135/ 5.3–7.1–7.9 (n=6)</td><td>I.239–435.3–651 II.48–103.5–173 III.42–57.9–82</td><td>10–15.6–18</td><td>Costa Norte de La Habana. Depth unknown.</td></tr><tr><th>MCN 2662</th><td>393–413.4– 487/13–21.5–25</td><td>193–245.5– 295/5.0–6.3–8.0</td><td>I.200–242.6–293/ 9.8–12.0–15.5 II.99–122.5–143/ 4.7–5.5–6.8 (n=15)</td><td>I.263–382.5–533 II.66–82.8–100 III.49–63.5–110</td><td>9.5–14.4– 19</td><td>Cayo Manzanillo. Depth unknown.</td></tr><tr><th>MCN 2663</th><td>377–401–439/ 13–19.5–25</td><td>202–238.0– 251/5.0–6.5–7.4</td><td>I.199–241.5–272/ 10–11.0–12 II.102–143.2–155/ 5.0–6.5–7.2 (n=6)</td><td>I.222–375.3–481 II.71–114.0–143 III.50–83.9–105</td><td>10–16.5–21</td><td>Cayo Anelitas. Depth unknown.</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Data from: Nuclear markers reveal a complex introgression pattern among marine turtle species on the Brazilian coast

A surprisingly high frequency of interspecific sea turtle hybrids have been previously recorded in a nesting site along a short stretch of the Brazilian coast. Mitochondrial DNA data indicated that as much as 43% of the females identified as E. imbricata are hybrids in this area (Bahia State of Brazil). It is a remarkable find, since most of the nesting sites surveyed worldwide, including some in northern Brazil, presents no hybrids, and rare Caribbean sites present no more than 2% of hybrids. Thus, a detailed understanding of the hybridization process is needed to evaluate natural or anthropogenic causes of this regional phenomenon in Brazil, which could be an important factor affecting the conservation of this population. We analyzed a set of 12 nuclear markers to investigate the pattern of hybridization involving three species of sea turtles: hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea). Our data indicate that most of the individuals in the crossings L. olivacea × E. imbricata and L. olivacea × C. caretta are F1 hybrids, whereas C. caretta × E. imbricata crossings present F1 and backcrosses with both parental species. In addition, the C. caretta × E. imbricata hybridization seems to be gender and species biased, and we also found one individual with evidence of multispecies hybridization among C. caretta × E. imbricata × Chelonia mydas. The overall results also indicate that hybridization in this area is a recent phenomenon, spanning at least two generations or ~40 years.

FIGURE 4 in Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast

FIGURE 4. Male holotype of Draconema fluminensis sp.n. —A. Whole body, B. Pharyngeal region, C. Cloacal region with copulatory apparatus, D. Posterior body region with posterior adhesion tubes, E. Nonannulated punctuated tail region.

FIGURE 3 in Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast

FIGURE 3. Female allotype of Draconema brasiliensis sp.n. — A. Whole body, B. Pharyngeal region, C. Midbody region with reproductive system, D. Vulva region, E. Posterior adhesion tubes.