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Fig. 11 in A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 11. Single most parsimonious tree of Eutyrannosauria (832 steps) using the modified dataset of Carr et al. (2017). Bremer support (when 3) and bootstrap indices (when 50) are located adjacent to nodes. Numbers in black circles indicate named clades (either node-based or stem-based): 1) Eutyrannosauria (sensu Delcourt and Grillo, 2018); 2) Tyrannosauridae; 3) Albertosaurinae; 4) Tyrannosaurinae; 5) Alioramini; 6) Daspletosaurini. Branch lengths and divergence times are not time calibrated. Taxon colors correspond to location of occurrence-orange, Appalachia; purple, southern Laramidia; red, northern Laramidia; blue, Asia. Stage boundaries after Ogg and Hinnov (2012). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 8 in A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 8. Comparison of left frontal in dorsal view in tyrannosaurids.A) Thanatotheristes TMP 2010.5.7. White dash line represents nondiagnostic postorbital fragment attached to the frontal. B) Subcutaneous surface of frontal of Daspletosaurus torosus TMP 2001.036.0001. Abbreviations: apc, anterior postorbital contact expansion; aesc, autapomorphic anterior extension of sagittal crest; ifs, interfrontal suture; ls, lacrimal socket; np, nasal process; os, orbital slot; PA, parietal; PF, prefrontal; pfl, prefrontolacrimal process; pfn, prefrontonasal process; po, postorbital fragment; sc, sagittal crest; stf, supratemporal fossa; str, supratemporal ridge. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

Fig. 7 in A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 7. Right postorbital fragment of Thanatotheristes holotype (TMP 2010.5.7). A) Specimen in lateral view, demonstrating arced subcutaneous ridges, B) and medial view. Note prominent bracing ridge for jugal contact on the medial surface of the bone. Abbreviations: br, bracing ridge for jugal contact; djc, dorsal extent of jugal contact; scr, subcutaneous ridges; sr, smooth region along lateral surface posterior margin. Scale bar equals 2 cm.

Fig. 5 in A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 5. Left maxilla of referred specimen of Thanatotheristes (TMP 2018.16.1) in lateral view. Note the presence of pronounced vertical ridges (arrows) on subcutaneous surface, an autapomorphy of the taxon. Abbreviations: dvr, dorsoventral ridges; sc-afos, subcutaneous-antorbital fossa boundary. Scale bar equals 5 cm.

Fig. 6 in A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 6. Comparison of right jugal (lateral view) and jugal sinus in tyrannosaurids. A) Thanatotheristes holotype (TMP 2010.5.7). B) Daspletosaurus torosus (TMP 2001.36.1). Black line represents position of transverse CT slice in the top right. Note the elliptical shape and extensive sinus inflation in the suborbital region cross section of Thanatotheristes, constrasting with the tear-drop shaped and constricted sinus of Daspletosaurus. Abbreviation: jse, jugal sinus endocast. Scale bars equal 3 cm.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

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Data from: Isotaphonomy in concept and practice: an exploration of vertebrate microfossil bonebeds in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation, north-central Montana

Vertebrate microfossil bonebeds (VMBs)—localized concentrations of small resilient vertebrate hard parts—are commonly studied to recover otherwise rarely found small-bodied taxa, and to document relative taxonomic abundance and species richness in ancient vertebrate communities. Analyses of taphonomic comparability among VMBs have often found significant differences in size and shape distributions, and thus considered them to be non-isotaphonomic. Such outcomes of "strict" statistical tests of isotaphonomy suggest discouraging limits on the potential for broad, comparative paleoecological reconstruction using VMBs. Yet it is not surprising that sensitive statistical tests highlight variations among VMB sites, especially given the general lack of clarity with regard to the definition of "strict" isotaphonomic comparability. We rigorously sampled and compared six VMB localities representing two distinct paleoenvironments (channel and pond/lake) of the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation to evaluate biases related to sampling strategies and depositional context. Few defining distinctions in bioclast size and shape are evident in surface collections, and most site-to-site comparisons of sieved collections are indistinguishable (p≤0.003). These results provide a strong case for taphonomic equivalence among the majority of Judith River VMBs, and bode well for future studies of paleoecology, particularly in relation to investigations of faunal membership and community structure in Late Cretaceous wetland ecosystems. The taphonomic comparability of pond/lake and channel-hosted VMBs in the Judith River Formation is also consistent with a formative model that contends that channel-hosted VMBs were reworked from pre-existing pond/lake assemblages, and thus share taphonomic history.

FIGURE 10A–D. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 10A–D. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp., paratype MGSB 68574f (specimen whitened with ammonium chloride prior to photography); A. frontal view; B. dorsal view; C. reconstruction of the complete frontal view; D. reconstruction of the complete carapace in dorsal view.

FIGURE 9A–C. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 9A–C. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp.; A. paratype MGSB 68574a, dorsal view; B. holotype MGSB 68572, posterior view showing the concavity of the posterior margin; C. detail of P1-P5 in the same specimen of A.

FIGURE 8A–D. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 8A–D. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp.; paratypes: A. partial ventral view of a male, MGSB 68574c; the arrow indicating the male gonopore on P5 coxa; B. partial carapace in dorsal view, MGSB 68574d, showing the complete front and orbit; C. oblique lateral view of the same specimen; the arrow indicating the infraorbital protuberance; D. oblique partial view, MGSB 68574e, with detail of reduced P4 and P5.

FIGURE 7A–C. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 7A–C. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp.; paratypes: A. MGSB 68573h, oblique lateral view showing the reduced last pair of periopods; the arrows indicating P4 and P5; B-C. MGSB 68574b, ventral and lateral views, respectively, displaying the pterygostomial region.

FIGURE 6A, B. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 6A, B. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp.; holotype MGSB 68572, male: A. left lateral view showing lateral side and a portion of the pterygostomial region slightly displaced; B. ventral view.

FIGURE 5A–D. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 5A–D. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp.; paratypes: A. MGSB 68573d, oblique posterior view showing reduced P4 and P5; B. MGSB 68573e, posterior view showing a2 covering the male gonopore; C. MGSB 68574f, partial male abdomen and thoracic sternum; D. MGSB 68574g, complete female abdomen; the arrow indicating gonopore on P3 coxa.

FIGURE 4A–E. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 4A–E. Ibericancer sanchoi n. gen., n. sp.; A. thoracic sternum, paratype MGSB 68573a, the arrows indicating the abdominal holding mechanism on sternite 5 and G1; B, C. enlargement of G1; D. female thoracic sternum, paratype MGSB 68573b, the arrow indicating the press button type protuberance on sternite 5; E. paratype MGSB 68573c, outer surface of left chela.

FIGURE 3A–E in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 3A–E. Casts of Dakoticancer overana; A. MNHN B22902-1 (cast of USNM 173529-1), ventral view of a male; B. posterior view of the same specimen; C. details of the abdominal holding mechanism, the arrow indicating the press button protuberance on sternite 5; D. MNHM B22902-2 (cast of USNM 173529-2), ventral view of a female, without the abdomen; the arrow indicating the aperture of the spermatheca; E. MNHN B22903 (cast of USNM 173544), ventral view of a female; the arrow indicating the female gonopore on P3 coxa.

FIGURE 2A, B in Ibericancridae, a new dakoticancroid family (Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) from the upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Spain

FIGURE 2A, B. Close-up views of beds in the Pla de la Basa (La Safor, Valencia), the arrow in A indicating an eroded carapace exposed at the surface.

opennotspecifiedDec 2009View details →

FIGURE 6 in Barrosasaurus casamiquelai gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous: early Campanian) of Sierra Barrosa (Neuquén, Argentina)

FIGURE 6. Barrosasaurus casamiquelai gen. et sp. nov., holotype. Dorsal centra in ventral view: A, MCF-PVPH-447/ 3; B, MCF-PVPH-447/1; MCF-PVPH-447/2. Abbreviation: vk, ventral keel. Scale bar equals 10 cm.