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600 results for “Contamination”
Hand contamination and hand hygiene knowledge and practices among commercial transport users, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Data from: Thermal evolution offsets the elevated toxicity of a contaminant under warming: a resurrection study in Daphnia magna
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Data from: The bacterial community structure and functional profile in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soils,surrounding a nonferrous smelter in South Korea
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Experimental evidence for the recovery of mercury-contaminated fish populations
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Data from: Self-reported household impacts of large-scale chemical contamination of the public water supply, Charleston, West Virginia, USA
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Thiamethoxam soil contaminations reduce the fertility of a soil-dwelling beetle (Aethina tumida)
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Heavy metal contamination and blue carbon sequestration in mangrove ecosystems of Puerto Rico
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Coastal urbanization influences human pathogens and microdebris contamination in seafood
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Fig. 2 in Assessment of mercury contamination in Brycon falcatus (Characiformes: Bryconidae) and human health risk by consumption of this fish from the Teles Pires River, Southern Amazonia
Fig. 2. Relationship between weight and standard length of Brycon falcatus collected from rivers of the Teles Pires River basin from November 2014 to October 2016.
Fig. 1. a in Assessment of mercury contamination in Brycon falcatus (Characiformes: Bryconidae) and human health risk by consumption of this fish from the Teles Pires River, Southern Amazonia
Fig. 1. a. Brazil, with the state of Mato Grosso marked as stripes. b. The state of Mato Grosso with the Teles Pires River shown in bold. b. Brycon falcatus sample collection sites (black circles), accompanied by pictographs of the main human activities found at each site. The black arrow indicates the flow direction of rivers. The specimens were collected from November 2014 to October 2016.
Early life exposure to environmental contaminants (BDE-47, TBBPA, and BPS) produced persistent gut dysbiosis in adult male mice
<p><span>The gut microbiome is a pivotal player in toxicological responses. We investigated the effects of maternal exposure to 3 human health-relevant toxicants (BDE-47, TBBPA, and BPS) on the composition and metabolite levels (bile acids [BAs] and short chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) of the gut microbiome in adult pups. CD-1 mouse dams were orally exposed to vehicle (corn oil, 10ml/kg), BDE-47 (0.2 mg/kg), TBBPA (0.2 mg/kg), or BPS (0.2 mg/kg) once daily from gestational day 8 to the end of lactation (postnatal day 21). 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics were performed in fecal DNA of 12-week-old adult male pups (n=14-23/group). BPS had the most prominent effect on the beta-diversity of the fecal microbiome compared to TBPPA and BDE-47 (QIIME). Seventy-three taxa were persistently altered by at least 1 chemical, and 12 taxa were commonly regulated by all chemicals (most of which were from the <i>Clostridia</i> class and were decreased). The most distinct microbial biomarkers were <i>S24-7</i> for BDE-47,<i> Rikenellaceae </i>for TBPPA, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> for BPS (LefSe). The community-wide contributions to the shift in microbial pathways were predicted using FishTaco. Fecal BA output was persistently increased by all chemicals (LC-MS). TBBPA increased propionic acid and succinate, whereas BPS decreased acetic acid (GC-MS. In conclusion, maternal exposure to these toxicants persistently modified fecal microbiome and metabolites later in life, and dysbiosis may contribute to the mechanisms of developmental origins of adult-onset of toxic outcomes. </span></p>
Datasets for Main results for Publication "Strong hydroclimatic controls on vulnerability to subsurface nitrate contamination across Europe"
<p>These datasets contain the main underlying results of the manuscript entitled "Strong hydroclimatic controls on vulnerability to subsurface nitrate contamination across Europe" by Kumar et al., 2019. Details about the datasets can be obtained from the netcdf attributes or through description provided in the manuscript.</p> <p>Datasets based on analysis of the Damkoehler (DK) number are given in two formats: In v0.3, the (denitrification) reaction rates (RT) only consider the impact of instantaneous daily environmental variables; whereas in v0.4, they are estimated acknowledging different impact of environmental conditions over the entire transport times. </p> <p>Further queries regarding these datasets can be directed to Rohini Kumar: rohini.kumar (at) ufz.de. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Mapping the age of ice of Gauligletscher combining surface radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling: Radionuclide data
<p>The data corresponds to 239-Pu and 236-U concentrations of 220 samples of ice collected along 5 flowlines at the surface of Gauligletscher in July 2019. Details about the data sampling and analysis can be found in the paper "Mapping the age of ice of Gauligletscher combining surface radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling", by G. Jouvet, S. Röllin, H. Sahli, J. Corcho, L. Gnägi, L. Compagno, D. Sidler, M. Schwikowski, A. Bauder, and M. Funk. The Cryosphere, 2020.</p>
Data from: Honey bees and neonicotinoid-treated corn seed: contamination, exposure, and effects
<p>Most corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) seeds planted in the US in recent years are coated with a seed treatment containing neonicotinoid insecticides. Abrasion of the seed coating generates insecticide-laden planter dust that disperses through the landscape during corn planting and has resulted in many 'bee-kill' incidents in North America and Europe. We investigated the linkage between corn planting and honey bee colony success in a region dominated by corn agriculture. Over three years we consistently observed an increased presence of corn seed treatment insecticides in bee-collected pollen and elevated worker bee mortality during corn planting. Residues of seed treatment neonicotinoids, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, detected in pollen positively correlated with cornfield area surrounding the apiaries. Elevated worker mortality was also observed in experimental colonies fed field-collected pollen containing known concentrations of corn seed treatment insecticides. We monitored colony growth throughout the subsequent year in 2015 and found that colonies exposed to higher insecticide concentrations exhibited slower population growth during the month of corn planting, but demonstrated more rapid growth in the month following, though this difference may be related to forage availability. Exposure to seed treatment neonicotinoids during corn planting has clear short-term detrimental effects on honey bee colonies and may affect the viability of beekeeping operations that are dependent on maximizing colony size in the springtime.<span> </span></p>
Human genome for contaminant removal of metagenome reads
<p>See http://seqanswers.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-42552.html</p>
Data from: Foraging and fasting can influence contaminant concentrations in animals: an example with mercury contamination in a free-ranging marine mammal
Large fluctuations in animal body mass in relation to life-history events can influence contaminant concentrations and toxicological risk. We quantified mercury concentrations in adult northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) before and after lengthy at sea foraging trips (n = 89) or fasting periods on land (n = 27), and showed that mercury concentrations in blood and muscle changed in response to these events. The highest blood mercury concentrations were observed after the breeding fast, whereas the highest muscle mercury concentrations were observed when seals returned to land to moult. Mean female blood mercury concentrations decreased by 30% across each of the two annual foraging trips, demonstrating a foraging-associated dilution of mercury concentrations as seals gained mass. Blood mercury concentrations increased by 103% and 24% across the breeding and moulting fasts, respectively, demonstrating a fasting-associated concentration of mercury as seals lost mass. In contrast to blood, mercury concentrations in female's muscle increased by 19% during the post-breeding foraging trip and did not change during the post-moulting foraging trip. While fasting, female muscle mercury concentrations increased 26% during breeding, but decreased 14% during moulting. Consequently, regardless of exposure, an animal's contaminant concentration can be markedly influenced by their annual life-history events.
Data from: RAD-sequencing reveals within-generation polygenic selection in response to anthropogenic organic and metal contamination in North Atlantic Eels
Measuring the effects of selection on the genome imposed by human-altered environment is currently a major goal in ecological genomics. Given the polygenic basis of most phenotypic traits, quantitative genetic theory predicts that selection is expected to cause subtle allelic changes among covarying loci rather than pronounced changes at few loci of large effects. The goal of this study was to test for the occurrence of polygenic selection in both North Atlantic eels (European Eel, Anguilla anguilla and American Eel, A. rostrata), using a method that searches for covariation among loci that would discriminate eels from "control" vs. "polluted" environments and be associated with specific contaminants acting as putative selective agents. RAD-seq libraries resulted in 23,659 and 14,755 filtered loci for the European and American Eels respectively. A total of 142 and 141 covarying markers discriminating European and American Eels from "control" vs. "polluted" sampling localities were obtained using the Random Forest algorithm. Distance-based redundancy analyses (db-RDAs) were used to assess the relationships between these covarying markers and concentration of 34 contaminants measured for each individual eel. PCB153, 4'4'DDE and selenium were associated with covarying markers for both species, thus pointing to these contaminants as major selective agents in contaminated sites . Gene enrichment analyses suggested that sterol regulation plays an important role in the differential survival of eels in "polluted" environment. This study illustrates the power of combining methods for detecting signals of polygenic selection and for associating variation of markers with putative selective agents in studies aiming at documenting the dynamics of selection at the genomic level, and particularly so in human altered environments.
Data from: Raw whole Drosophila genome sequence traces have contaminant sequences from bacterial symbionts
Many Drosophila genomes have been sequenced and assembled recently, and many more genome sequencing projects are in progress. However, Drosophila have bacterial, fungal, and protozoan symbionts, and the DNA of these symbionts may be isolated in the process of sequencing Drosophila genomes. Here, we assess how much sequence is isolated from these symbionts and if the sequence contamination affected how these Drosophila genomes were assembled. We do find raw sequence from bacterial symbionts and humans in Drosophila genome sequence traces analyzed. Surprisingly, the four most-common contaminant species were shared among the Drosophila genomes. However, we do not find evidence of bacterial sequences in two published Drosophila genome assemblies.
Data from: Possible adverse impact of contaminants on Atlantic cod population dynamics in coastal ecosystems
While many in-lab ecotoxicological studies have shown the adverse impact of pollutants to the fitness of an individual, direct evidence from the field on the population dynamics of wildlife animals has been lacking. Here, we provide empirical support for a negative effect of pollution on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) population dynamics in coastal waters of Norway by combining unique time series of juvenile cod abundance, body size, environmental concentration of toxic contaminants, and a spatially structured population dynamics model. The study shows that mercury concentration might have decreased the reproductive potential of cod in the region despite the general decline in the environmental concentration of mercury, cadmium, and hexachlorobenzene since the implementation of national environmental laws. However, some cod populations appeared to be more resistant to mercury pollution than others and the strength and shape of mercury effect on cod reproductive potential was fjord-specific. Additionally, cod growth rate changed at scales smaller than fjords with a gradient related to the exposure to the open ocean and offshore cod. These spatial differences in life history traits emphasize the importance of local adaptation in shaping the dynamics of local wildlife populations. Finally, this study highlights the possibility to mitigate pollution effects on natural population by reducing the overall pollution level but also reveals that pollution reduction alone is not enough to rebuild local cod populations. Cod population recovery probably requires complimentary efforts on fishing regulation and habitat restauration.
Data from: Evolution to environmental contamination ablates the circadian clock of an aquatic sentinel species
Environmental contamination is a common cause of rapid evolution. Recent work has shown that Daphnia pulex, an important freshwater species, can rapidly evolve increased tolerance to a common contaminant, sodium chloride (NaCl) road salt. While such rapid evolution can benefit organisms, allowing them to adapt to new environmental conditions, it can also be associated with unforeseen tradeoffs. Given that exposure to environmental contaminants can cause circadian disruption, we investigated whether the circadian clock was affected by evolving a tolerance to high levels of road salt. By tracking the oscillations of a putative clock gene, period, we demonstrated that D. pulex express per mRNA with approximately 20-hour oscillations under control conditions. This putative circadian rhythm was ablated in response to high levels of salinity; populations adapted to high NaCl concentrations exhibited an ablation of period oscillation. Moreover, we showed that while gene expression is increased in several other genes, including clock, actin, and Na+/K+-ATPase, upon the adaptation to high levels of salinity, per expression is unique among the genes we tracked in that it is the only gene repressed in response to salt adaptation. These results suggest that rapid evolution of salt tolerance occurs with the tradeoff of suppressed circadian function. The resultant circadian disruption may have profound consequences to individuals, populations, and aquatic food webs by affecting species interactions. In addition, our research suggests that circadian clocks may also be disrupted by the adaptation to other environmental contaminants.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.