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1,444 results for “Mitigation”
Data from: Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males
Background: In socially monogamous species, reproduction is not always confined to paired males and females. Extra-pair males commonly also reproduce with paired females, which is traditionally thought to be costly to the females' social partners. However, we suggest that when the relatedness between reproducing individuals is considered, cuckolded males can suffer lower fitness losses than otherwise expected, especially when the rate of cuckoldry is high. We combine theoretical modeling with a detailed genetic study on a socially monogamous wild fish, Variabilichromis moorii, which displays biparental care despite exceptionally high rates of extra-pair paternity. Results: We measured the relatedness between all parties involved in V. moorii spawning events (i.e. between males and females in social pairs, females and their extra-pair partners, and paired males and their cuckolders), and we reveal that males are on average more related to their cuckolders than expected by chance. Queller–Goodnight estimates of relatedness between males and their cuckolders are on average r = 0.038 but can range up to r = 0.64. This also increases the relatedness between males and the extra-pair offspring under their care. These intriguing results are consistent with the predictions of our mathematical model, which shows that elevated relatedness between paired males and their cuckolders can be adaptive for both parties when competition for fertilizations is strong. Conclusions: Our results show how cuckoldry by relatives can offset males' direct fitness losses with inclusive fitness gains, which can be substantial in systems where males face almost certain paternity losses.
Data from: Do correlated responses to multiple environmental changes exacerbate or mitigate species loss?
Biological communities face multiple global changes simultaneously, and predicting how they will respond remains a key challenge. Co-tolerance theory offers a framework for understanding how species-level responses to multiple stressors affect community properties. Co-tolerance theory predicts that positive correlations in species responses (i.e., species that are susceptible to one stressor are more likely to be highly susceptible to a second) lessen total species loss, essentially because species cannot be eliminated from a community twice. However, it is unclear whether several of the tenets of co-tolerance theory describe real-world communities, and what consequences result from such deviations. Here, we use an empirical dataset of bird community response to land-use change over a climate gradient to examine co-tolerance theory's tenet that environmental changes only harm species (not benefit them). We show that this tenet is not met, and then use simulations to examine how predictions of total species richness and community intactness vary when multiple environmental changes both harm and benefit particular species in the community. Finally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis, examining how the average species response to environmental change, as well as the variance among species, can further alter predictions. Overall, we find that predictions of co-tolerance theory can break down when communities contain species that benefit from some environmental changes. As a result, the presence of multiple environmental changes can either compound or mitigate species loss when species' responses are positively correlated, preventing a one-size-fits-all statement regarding the effects of correlated responses. This finding highlights the need to carefully consider the underlying mechanisms of community change when making policy assessments regarding the consequences of correlations of species responses to environmental impacts.
Data from: A toolkit for optimizing fish passage barrier mitigation actions
The presence of dams, stream–road crossings and other infrastructure often compromises the connectivity of rivers, leading to reduced fish abundance and diversity. The assessment and mitigation of river barriers is critical to the success of restoration efforts aimed at restoring river integrity. In this study, we present a combined modelling approach involving statistical regression methods and mixed integer linear programming to maximize resident fish species richness within a catchment through targeted barrier mitigation. Compared to existing approaches, our proposed method provides enhanced biological realism while avoiding the use of complex and computationally intensive population/ecosystem models. To estimate barrier passability quickly and at low cost, we further outline a rapid barrier assessment methodology. The methodology is used to characterize potential passage barriers for various fish species common to the UK but can be readily adapted to different planning areas and other species of interest. We demonstrate the applicability of our barrier assessment and prioritization approach based on a case study of the River Wey, located in south-east England. We find that significant increases in species richness can be achieved for modest investment in barrier mitigation. In particular, dams and weirs with low passability located on mid- to high-order streams are identified as top priorities for mitigation. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows the benefits of combining a coarse resolution barrier assessment methodology with state-of-the-art optimization modelling to cost-effectively plan fish passage barrier mitigation actions. The modelling approach can help inform on-the-ground river restoration decision-making by providing a recommended course of action that best allocates limited resources in order to restore longitudinal connectivity and maximize ecological gains.
Data from: Hypothesis-driven and field-validated method to prioritize fragmentation mitigation efforts in road projects
The active field of connectivity conservation has provided numerous methods to identify wildlife corridors with the aim of reducing the ecological effect of fragmentation. Nevertheless, these methods often rely on untested hypotheses of animal movements, usually fail to generate fine-scale predictions of road crossing sites, and do not allow managers to prioritize crossing sites for implementing road fragmentation mitigation measures. We propose a new method that addresses these limitations. We illustrate this method with data from southwestern Gabon (central Africa). We used stratified random transect surveys conducted in two seasons to model the distribution of African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), and sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) in a mosaic landscape along a 38.5 km unpaved road scheduled for paving. Using a validation data set of recorded crossing locations, we evaluated the performance of three types of models (local suitability, local least-cost movement, and regional least-cost movement) in predicting actual road crossings for each species, and developed a unique and flexible scoring method for prioritizing road sections for the implementation of road fragmentation mitigation measures. With a data set collected in <10 weeks of fieldwork, the method was able to identify seasonal changes in animal movements for buffalo and sitatunga that shift from a local exploitation of the site in the wet season to movements through the study site in the dry season, whereas elephants use the entire study area in both seasons. These three species highlighted the need to use species- and season-specific modeling of movement. From these movement models, the method ranked road sections for their suitability for implementing fragmentation mitigation efforts, allowing managers to adjust priority thresholds based on budgets and management goals. The method relies on data that can be obtained in a period compatible with environmental impact assessment constraints, and is flexible enough to incorporate other potential movement models and scoring criteria. This approach improves upon available methods and can help inform prioritization of road and other linear infrastructure segments that require impact mitigation methods to ensure long-term landscape connectivity.
The effect of pre-existing islands on disruption mitigation in MHD simulations of DIII-D
<p>Data underlying all figures. </p>
Replication data and analysis code for the article "Insect-habitat-plant interaction networks provide guidelines to mitigate the risk of transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevine in Southern France"
<p>This deposit contains the dataset used in the article "Insect-habitat-plant interaction networks provide guidelines to mitigate the risk of transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevine in Southern France" in the form of a RData file, directly loadable in R, as well as the Rmd script used to analyse the data and produce the figures.</p>
Plate 410 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 410. Distribution map of Cercophis auratus in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 407 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 407. Distribution map of Xenopholis scalaris in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 403 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 403. Distribution map of Xenodon pulcher in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 400 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 400. Distribution map of Xenodon merremii in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 399 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 399. Distribution map of Xenodon matogrossensis in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 411 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 411. Distribution map of Lioheterophis iheringi in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 397 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 397. Distribution map of Xenodon guentheri in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 396 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 396. Distribution map of Xenodon dorbignyi in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 395 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 395. Distribution map of Lygophis paucidens in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 406 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 406. Distribution map of Xenodon werneri in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 393 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 393. Distribution map of Lygophis lineatus in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 398 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 398. Distribution map of Xenodon histricus in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 392 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 392. Distribution map of Lygophis flavifrenatus in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
Plate 391 in Atlas of Brazilian Snakes: Verified Point-Locality Maps to Mitigate the Wallacean Shortfall in a Megadiverse Snake Fauna
Plate 391. Distribution map of Lygophis dilepis in relation to (A) South American Ecoregions (adapted from Olson et al., 2001) and (B) elevation. Red star indicates type-locality, if precisely located.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.