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463 results for “Ophrys”
Ophrys insectifera L. (BR0000010780381)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys insectifera L. (BR0000010781258)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Data from: Pollinator shifts between Ophrys sphegodes populations: might adaptation to different pollinators drive population divergence?
Local adaptation to different pollinators is considered one of the possible initial stages of ecological speciation as reproductive isolation is a by-product of the divergence in pollination systems. However, pollinator-mediated divergent selection will not necessarily result in complete reproductive isolation, because incipient speciation is often overcome by gene flow. We investigated the potential of pollinator shift in the sexually deceptive orchids Ophrys sphegodes and Ophrys exaltata and compared the levels of floral isolation vs. genetic distance among populations with contrasting predominant pollinators. We analysed floral hydrocarbons as a proxy for floral divergence between populations. Floral adoption of pollinators and their fidelity was tested using pollinator choice experiments. Interpopulation gene flow and population differentiation levels were estimated using AFLP markers. The Tyrrhenian O. sphegodes population preferentially attracted the pollinator bee Andrena bimaculata, whereas the Adriatic O. sphegodes population exclusively attracted A. nigroaenea. Significant differences in scent component proportions were identified in O. sphegodes populations that attracted different preferred pollinators. High interpopulation gene flow was detected, but populations were genetically structured at species level. The high interpopulation gene flow levels independent of preferred pollinators suggest that local adaptation to different pollinators has not (yet) generated detectable genome-wide separation. Alternatively, despite extensive gene flow, few genes underlying floral isolation remain differentiated as a consequence of divergent selection. Different pollination ecotypes in O. sphegodes might represent a local selective response imposed by temporal variation in a geographical mosaic of pollinators as a consequence of the frequent disturbance regimes typical of Ophrys habitats.
Data from: Genic rather than genome-wide differences between sexually deceptive Ophrys orchids with different pollinators
High pollinator specificity and the potential for simple genetic changes to affect pollinator attraction make sexually deceptive orchids an ideal system for the study of ecological speciation, in which change of flower odour is likely important. This study surveys reproductive barriers and differences in floral phenotypes in a group of four closely related, co-flowering sympatric Ophrys species, and uses a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach to obtain information on the proportion of the genome that is differentiated between species. Ophrys species were found to effectively lack post-pollination barriers, but are strongly isolated by their different pollinators (floral isolation), and to a smaller extent, by shifts in flowering time (temporal isolation). Although flower morphology and perhaps labellum coloration may contribute to floral isolation, reproductive barriers may largely be due to differences in flower odour chemistry. GBS revealed shared polymorphism throughout the Ophrys genome, with very little population structure between species. Genome scans for FST outliers identified few markers that are highly differentiated between species and repeatable in several populations. These genome scans also revealed highly differentiated polymorphisms in genes with putative involvement in floral odour production, including a previously identified candidate gene thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of pseudo-pheromones by the orchid flowers. Taken together, these data suggest that ecological speciation associated with different pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids has a genic rather than a genomic basis, placing these species at an early phase of genomic divergence within the 'speciation continuum'.
Code and Data for manuscript "Floral phenotypic divergence and genomic insights in an Ophrys orchid: Unraveling early speciation processes"
<p>Floral phenotypic divergence and genomic insights in an Ophrys orchid: Unraveling early speciation</p> <p>--------</p> <p>This repository contains all the R code used in the manuscript:</p> <p>* Title: "Floral phenotypic divergence and genomic insights in an Ophrys orchid: Unraveling early speciation"</p> <p>* Authors: Anais Gibert, Schatz Bertrand, Buscail Roselyn, Dominique Nguyen, Baguette Michel, Bartes Nicolas and Joris Bertrand</p> <p>* Year of publication: 2024</p> <p>* doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586062</p> <p> </p> <p>Synopsis of the study</p> <p>--------</p> <ul> <li> <p>Adaptive radiation in <em>Ophrys</em> orchids leads to complex floral phenotypes that vary in scent, color and shape.</p> </li> <li> <p>Using a novel pipeline to quantify these phenotypes, we investigated trait divergence at early stages of speciation in six populations of <em>Ophrys aveyronensis</em> experiencing recent allopatry. By integrating different genetic/genomic techniques, we investigated: (i) variation and integration of floral components (scent, color and shape), (ii) phenotypes and genomic regions under divergent selection, and (iii) the genomic bases of trait variation.</p> </li> <li> <p>We identified a large genomic island of divergence, associated with phenotypic variation in particular in floral odor. We detected potential divergent selection on macular color, while convergent selection was suspected on floral morphology and for several volatile olfactive compounds. We also identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and in steroid biosynthesis pathways associated with standing genetic variation in color and odor.</p> </li> <li> <p>This study sheds light on early differentiation in <em>Ophrys</em>, revealing patterns that often become invisible over time, i.e., the geographic mosaic of traits under selection and the early appearance of strong genomic divergence. It also supports a crucial genomic region for future investigation and highlights the value of a multifaceted approach in unraveling speciation within taxa with large genomes.</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Running the code</p> <p>--------</p> <p>Here we present the data and code for carrying out the analyses, as well as the figures and tables from the article and the supplementary material. Once you have installed the necessary packages, run the commands in 'analysis_share.R'. This script uses several functions available in the '/R' directory.</p> <p>Figures and tables are produced in a 'manuscript/figures' and 'manuscript/tables' directory. <br>The `/data' directory contains the data used in the analyses (data/input or data/output), but also the resulting datasets produced by the code (data/RData/).</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 1 in Effective typification of Ophrys apifera (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae)
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Ophrys apifera Huds., illustration of Bauhin & Cherler (1651: 767) "Orchis sive Testiculus sphegodes hirsuto flore".
Data from: Genic rather than genome-wide differences between sexually deceptive Ophrys orchids with different pollinators
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Ophrys annae and Ophrys chestermanii: an impossible love between two orchid sister species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Pollinator shifts between Ophrys sphegodes populations: might adaptation to different pollinators drive population divergence?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomy and morphology of four "ophrys-related" scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), with the description of a new genus, Paramesanophrys gen. nov.
Fig. 3. Paramesanophrys typica gen. et sp. nov., from life (A–N) and after protargol staining (O–S). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B–E. Different individuals; arrowhead in B shows caudal cilium, arrowheads in E mark somatic cilia. F. Posterior region of cell; arrow shows contractile vacuole and arrowhead marks caudal cilium. G. Anterior region of cell; arrowhead marks buccal region. H. Ventral view, showing food vacuoles (arrowhead). I–N. Ventral views, to show various shapes of buccal regions (arrowheads). O–Q. Detailed infraciliature of buccal area (P from holotype). R. Macronucleus. S. Posterior region; arrowheads show dikinetids of somatic kineties. Abbreviations: M1–3 = membranelles 1, 2 and 3; Ma = macronucleus; PM = paroral membrane. Scale bars: A, E = 40 μm; B–D = 70 μm; G, M–N = 10 μm.
Figure Ophrys fuciflora, Ophrys Bertoloni, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys sphegodes in Orchidaceae, Orchideen
<p>uploaded by Plazi</p>
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010566657)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010566473)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010566626)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000012524006)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010566206)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010567104)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010566633)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000010566480)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Ophrys fuciflora (F.W.Schmidt) Moench (BR0000012220229)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
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