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759 results for “Plant–plant interactions”
Data from: Environmental conditions and biotic interactions acting together promote phylogenetic randomness in semi-arid plant communities: new methods help to avoid misleading conclusions
QUESTIONS: Molecular phylogenies are increasingly used to better understand the mechanisms structuring natural communities. The prevalent theory is that environmental factors and biotic interactions promote the phylogenetic clustering and over-dispersion of plant communities, respectively. However, both environmental filtering and biotic interactions are very likely to interact in most natural communities, jointly affecting community phylogenetic structure. How do environmental filters and biotic interactions jointly affect the phylogenetic structure of plant communities across environmental gradients? LOCATION: Eleven Stipa tenacissima L. grasslands located along an environmental gradient from central to southeast Spain, covering the core of the distribution area of this vegetation type in Europe. METHODS: We jointly evaluated the effects of environmental conditions and plant–plant interactions on the phylogenetic structure – measured with the mean phylogenetic distance index of the studied communities. As an indicator of environmental conditions, we used a PCA ordination including eight climatic variables. Different metrics were used to measure the following processes: (1) competition/facilitation shifts at the entire community level (species combination index), and (2) the effect of microclimatic amelioration provided by the two most important nurse plants on neighbour composition (similarity indices and comparison of the phylogenetic pattern between canopy patches and bare ground areas). RESULTS: Biotic interactions and, to a less extent, environmental conditions affected the phylogenetic pattern of the studied communities. While positive plant–plant interactions (both at community level and the scale of individual nurse plants) increased phylogenetic overdispersion, higher rainfall increased phylogenetic clustering. The opposing effects of environmental conditions and biotic interactions could be the main cause of the overall random phylogenetic structure found inmost of these communities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate, for the first time, how an overall random phylogenetic pattern may not only be promoted by the lack of influence of either environmental filtering or biotic interactions, but rather by their joint and opposing effects. They caution about making inferences on the underlying mechanisms shaping plant communities from the sole use of their phylogenetic pattern. We also provide a comprehensive set of easy-to-measure tools to avoid misleading conclusions when interpreting phylogenetic structure data obtained from observational studies.
Data from: Plant–insect interactions: double-dating associated insect and plant lineages reveals asynchronous radiations
An increasing number of plant-insect studies using phylogenetic analysis suggest that cospeciation events are rare in plant–insect systems. Instead, nonrandom patterns of phylogenetic congruence are produced by phylogenetically conserved host switching (to related plants) or tracking of particular resources or traits (e.g., chemical). The dominance of host switching in many phytophagous insect groups may make the detection of genuine cospeciation events difficult. One important test of putative cospeciation events is to verify whether reciprocal speciation is temporally plausible. We explored techniques for double-dating of both plant and insect phylogenies. We use dated molecular phylogenies of a psyllid (Hemiptera)–Genisteae (Fabaceae) system, a predominantly monophagous insect–plant association widespread on the Atlantic Macaronesian islands. Phylogenetic reconciliation analysis suggests high levels of parallel cladogenesis between legumes and psyllids. However, dating using molecular clocks calibrated on known geological ages of the Macaronesian islands revealed that the legume and psyllid radiations were not contemporaneous but sequential. Whereas the main plant radiation occurred some 8 million years ago, the insect radiation occurred about 3 million years ago. We estimated that >60% of the psyllid speciation has resulted from host switching between related hosts. The only evidence for true cospeciation is in the much more recent and localized radiation of genistoid legumes in the Canary Islands, where the psyllid and legume radiations have been partially contemporaneous. The identification of specific cospeciation events over this time period, however, is hindered by the phylogenetic uncertainty in both legume and psyllid phylogenies due to the apparent rapidity of the species radiations.
Data from: Plant and insect microbial symbionts alter the outcome of plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions: implications for invaded, agricultural and natural systems
1. Understanding how soil microbial communities influence plant interactions with other organisms, and how this varies with characteristics of the interacting organisms, is important for multiple systems. Solanum spp. are a suitable model for trophic interactions in studies of agricultural and natural systems and can also provide useful corollaries in invaded systems. This study examined the influence of soil mutualist arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on growth of different Solanum types fed on by the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, in relation to presence of the aphid facultative endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. 2. Four Solanum types comprising two wild species, S. berthaultii and S. polyadenum, and two accessions of S. tuberosum, were grown with or without AM fungi and infested with one of four clonal lines of a single M. euphorbiae genotype (two with and two without H. defensa). Two experiments were conducted to i) characterise plant responses to AM fungi and aphids and ii) assess whether soil AM fungi could influence the success of the parasitoid wasp Aphidus ervi when attacking aphids reared on each Solanum type. 3. In both experiments, similar patterns of plant biomass were observed in relation to AM fungal and aphid treatments. Solanum biomass depended on plant type and aphid infection with H. defensa. Plants exposed to aphids harbouring H. defensa had smaller root biomass, and therefore total plant biomass, compared to plants infested with H. defensa-free aphids. M. euphorbiae performance varied with aphid clonal line, Solanum type and presence of AM fungi. 4. Parasitoid success, measured as the proportion of aphids from which a wasp emerged, was highest from aphids that had fed on plants colonised by AM fungi, although this result also varied with Solanum type and aphid clonal line. 5. Synthesis: The presence of soil AM fungi, combined with within-species plant and insect variation in key traits, can have subtle - but significant - effects on plant fitness and insect success. This study highlights the importance of exploring genotypic variation in plant and pest responses to soil microbiota to identify suitable biocontrol options.
Replication data and analysis code for the article "Insect-habitat-plant interaction networks provide guidelines to mitigate the risk of transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevine in Southern France"
<p>This deposit contains the dataset used in the article "Insect-habitat-plant interaction networks provide guidelines to mitigate the risk of transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevine in Southern France" in the form of a RData file, directly loadable in R, as well as the Rmd script used to analyse the data and produce the figures.</p>
Fig. 1 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of leaf discs of Solanum sisymbriifolium used in feeding choice trials. a) High density stellate trichomes (HD) ¼ 29.7/mm2; b) low density stellate trichomes (LD) ¼ 1.07/mm2; c) submitted to mechanical removal of stellate trichomes (Bars ¼ 100 µm).
Fig. 4 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 4. Survivorship curves of Gratiana spadicea larvae fed with intact Solanum sisymbriifolium leaf discs and with leaf discs submitted to mechanical and chemical removal of the trichomes and their exudates, and to trichomes mechanical control. Treatments followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (log rank tests, Oi ¼ 0.05).
Fig. 3 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 3. Leaf damage of Gratiana spadicea on Solanum sisymbriifolium leaf. a) Feeding site cleared by a first instar larva; b) detail (enlargement of the area marked in a) of a corresponding macerated lateral ray (arrow). (Bars ¼ 100 µm and 50 µm, respectively).
Dataset and code for the manuscript "Plant indirect interactions reduce species richness but increase phylogenetic diversity"
<p>This Zenodo repository contains the original data set and code for replicating the result published in the paper "<strong>Plant indirect interactions reduce species richness but increase phylogenetic diversity</strong>"</p><p> </p><ol><li>The "BD.xlsx" data frame contains the original data. The first column, "ID," is an ID for each one of the patches (i.e., vegetation units containing one or more individuals for the same or different species separated from other patches by bare ground). The second and third columns, "localidad" and "suelo", inform about the location where patches are found. The "species" column identifies the different species present at each patch.</li><li> The "Comb1.xlsx" data frame contains the possible combination of 4 species for each ID (concatenation of "localidad" and "suelo") for all the species found in the sampling. Besides "ID", there is one column for each of the species included in interactions ("spA", "spB", "spC", "spD") that contains the name of the species.</li><li>The "phylo.xlsx" data frame contains the taxonomic information of the species found during the sampling. For each species recorded in column "species" we assign its genus (column "genus") and family (column "family")</li><li> "ALL_IN.xlsx" is a data frame containing for each "ID" (proxy of location), the species involved in interactions ("spA", "spB", "spC" & "spD"), the "interaction sign" indicating if a given interaction is positive or negative (results based on simulation) and "Order" indicating the number of species involved in the interactions(from two to four).</li><li>"Code.R" provides the R code necessary to obtain the results. As statistics is based on simulation, every run can provide slightly different results, although differences do not affect interpretation. Please note that running time can be elevated depending on the computer used.</li></ol><p> </p>
Effects of herbivory and pathogen infection on plant-pollinator interactions
<p><span>Plant enemies can indirectly affect pollinators by modifying plant traits, but simultaneous tests of herbivore and pathogen effects are lacking, and the role of floral volatiles has seldom been mechanistically assessed.</span></p> <p><span>In this study, we tested for indirect effects of insect herbivores and pathogens on pollinator attraction via altered floral volatile emissions, and its consequences for plant fitness in <em>Brassica rapa</em>. Plants in the field were exposed to either no damage or damage by caterpillars (<em>Mamestra brassicae</em>), aphids (<em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em>), a leaf fungus (<em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em>), or a bacterium (<em>Xanthomonas campestris </em>pv. <em>campestris</em>). We recorded pollinator visits, and measured floral traits (flower number, volatiles) and plant fitness-correlates. </span><span>We additionally</span><span> performed a greenhouse experiment with artificial emitters to test for effects of target floral volatiles on pollinator attraction.</span></p> <p><span>In the field experiments, plants subjected to herbivory by the aphid <em>B. brassicae</em> (but not the other enemies) exhibited a marked reduction in the emission of two VOCs (nonanal and 2-butyl-1-octanol), experienced lower pollinator visits, and produced seeds of lower quality in terms of seed biomass and germination rate, while flower output itself was not affected. Artificial emitters with reduced amounts of these compounds were less attractive to pollinators under greenhouse conditions.</span></p> <p><span><em>Synthesis: </em>These results provide strong evidence for volatile-mediated indirect interactions between plant enemies and pollinators ultimately impacting plant fitness, and further point at enemy and compound specificity underlying such effects.</span></p>
Endemic island plant-herbivore interactions: Kamehameha butterfly (Nymphalidae) and Hawaiian Urticaceae
<p>Insect-plant interactions are less well studied than other types of herbivory on islands, precluding a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary ecology of these interactions. Declines in native island plants and insects call for urgent attention to characterize these species' interactions for their conservation and to better understand evolution in these unique, insular ecosystems. In Hawai'i, the Kamehameha butterfly (<em>Vanessa tameamea</em>) is one of only two native butterflies, and larvae are specialists on native urticaceous plants. Using a no-choice bioassay, we investigated performance of <em>V. tameamea</em> reared from egg hatching through eclosion on four native urticaceous host plants, <em>Boehmeria grandis</em>, <em>Pipturus albidus</em>, <em>Touchardia latifolia</em>, and <em>Touchardia oahuensis</em>, and one exotic urticaceous species, <em>Cecropia obtusifolia</em>. Performance varied significantly among the plant diets, with <em>V. tameamea</em> performing best on <em>P. albidus</em> and <em>T. oahuensis</em> among the performance metrics of survival, pupal and adult body mass, and development time. Larval responses to the exotic host plant <em>C. obtusifolia </em>varied among populations, with O'ahu caterpillars successfully completing development on it, but Hawai'i Island caterpillars rejecting it completely, suggesting a geographic mosaic for this novel species interaction. Characterization of a suite of nutritive and defensive plant traits revealed significant variability among plant species, but patterns did not align well with <em>V. tameamea </em>performance rankings, making it difficult to identify key drivers of host plant quality. Future work examining additional plant traits under natural conditions would provide new insights, contributing critical ecological information to conserve this charismatic island species.</p>
Plant-flower visitor interactions recorded in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county)
<p>Data set 1</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>FIELD NAME</td> <td>VALUE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dataset Title</td> <td>Plant-flower visitor interactions recorded in 21 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county) by Tania Palacios in 2018</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Abstract</td> <td>522 records of plant-flower visitor interactions, recorded in 21 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county). The records were taken in the field by Tania Palacios, curated by Julia Tavella, and transformed to meet FAIR principles by Rocío Ana González Vaquero. Morphospecies are detailed in identificationRemarks. Data collection was supported by grants UBACyT 20020170100778BA and PICT 2017-4111, Argentina. Data standardization was supported by grant European Commission-EU 101058393.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Classification System</td> <td>GBIF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sampling Description</td> <td>Two 100 m-long “variable transects” in field margins or 50/100 m from the field margin, were walked simultaneously by two trained observers for 20 minutes.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Data set 2</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>FIELD NAME</td> <td>VALUE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dataset Title</td> <td>Plant-flower visitor interactions recorded in 49 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county) by Marcos Monasterolo (2013-15) and Antonio López Carretero (2016)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Abstract</td> <td>2471 records of plant-flower visitor interactions, recorded in 49 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county). The records were taken in the field by Marcos Monasterolo and Antonio López Carretero, curated by Julia Tavella, and transformed to meet FAIR principles by Rocío Ana González Vaquero. Morphospecies are detailed in identificationRemarks. Data collection was supported by FONCyT, UBA, CONICET, Fundación Banco Galicia, and Syngenta Agro, Argentina. Data standardization was supported by grant European Commission-EU 101058393.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Classification System</td> <td>GBIF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sampling Description</td> <td>One 100 m-long “variable transect” was walked by one trained observer for 40 minutes (Monasterolo et al. 2020).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure S1: Nutrient concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Rex') plants grown at different total incident light levels in deep water culture hydroponics. Lines show multiple regression analysis results, indicating no significant interactions. Each data point represents one plant. N = nitrogen, P = phosphorus, K = potassium, Ca = calcium, Mg = magnesium, S = sulfur, B = boron, Cu = copper, Fe = iron, Mn = manganese, and Zn = zinc.
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F I G U R E 2 in Review of the chemical ecology of homoterpenes in arthropod-plant interactions
F I G U R E 2 Major ecological functions of DMNT and TMTT production by foliage and flowers in insect–plant interactions. Effect on plant fitness indicated by + and symbols for each interaction. Weight of arrows indicates the relative importance of each benefit to the plant in terms of reported cases. Dashed arrows indicate the potential non-beneficial effects of production by flowers on natural enemies and by foliage on pollinators.
F I G U R E 1 in Review of the chemical ecology of homoterpenes in arthropod-plant interactions
F I G U R E 1 Chemical structures of homoterpenes central to arthropod–plant interactions: n = 1, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT); n = 2, 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT). R0, R00 = methyl
Data from: Individual and interactive effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition and diversity of extrafloral nectary-bearing plants in Brazilian Caatinga
<p>Chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and climate change represent two of the major threats to biodiversity globally, but their combined effects are not well understood. Here we investigate the individual and interactive effects of increasing CAD and decreasing rainfall on the composition and taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants possessing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga. EFNs attract ants that protect plants against insect herbivore attack and are extremely prevalent in the Caatinga flora. EFN-bearing plants were censused along gradients of disturbance and rainfall in Catimbau National Park in north-eastern Brazil. We recorded a total of 2,243 individuals belonging to 21 species. Taxonomic and functional composition varied along the rainfall gradient, but not along the disturbance gradient. There was a significant interaction between increasing disturbance and decreasing rainfall, with CAD leading to decreased TD, FD and PD in the most arid areas, and to increased TD, FD and PD in the wettest areas. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in the EFN traits we analysed, which explains the strong matching between patterns of FD and PD along the environmental gradients. The interactive effects of disturbance and rainfall revealed by our study indicate that the decreased rainfall forecast for Caatinga under climate change will increase the sensitivity of EFN-bearing plants to anthropogenic disturbance. This has important implications for the availability of a key food resource, which would likely have cascading effects on higher trophic levels.</p>
Intraspecific interaction of host plants leads to concentrated distribution of a specialist herbivore through metabolic alterations in the leaves
<p>1. Recent studies suggest that changes in leaf traits due to interactions between plants affect resource utilisation by and the distribution of herbivores. However, this has not yet been confirmed experimentally. Here, we investigated the effects of phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits of <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> (host plant) in response to intra- and interspecific interaction on the distribution of two leaf beetles, <i>Gastrophysa atrocyanea</i> (specialist herbivore) and <i>Galerucella grisescens</i> (generalist herbivore).</p> <p>2. We investigated the local population density of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants and the presence of leaf beetles on the plants at five study sites. Leaf chemicals (condensed tannins and total phenolics) were compared between aggregated and solitary <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants. To clarify the effects of the interaction environment of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants on their leaf traits and on resource utilisation by the leaf beetles, we compared leaf chemicals and preferences of adult leaf beetles among treatments where <i>R. obtusifolius</i> experienced intraspecific interaction, interspecific interaction, or no interaction in cultivation experiments. Finally, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of patch size and intraspecific interaction on leaf beetle distribution in mesocosm experiments.</p> <p>3. In the field, the presence of the specialist leaf beetle <i>G. atrocyanea</i> was positively correlated with the local population density (rosette overlap ratio) of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants; however, there was no correlation in the case of the generalist leaf beetle <i>G. grisescens</i>. In the cultivation experiments, plants in the intraspecific interaction treatment increased their leaf contents of condensed tannins and total phenolics, and <i>G. atrocyanea</i> consumed more of these leaves than leaves in other treatments. Similar results were observed in the field. In the mesocosm experiments, larger numbers of <i>G. atrocyanea</i> were distributed on <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants exposed to below-ground intraspecific interaction than on plants not exposed to intraspecific interaction.</p> <p>4. Our results provide experimental evidence that leaf-trait changes in response to intraspecific interaction between host plants influence specialist herbivore distribution. This highlights the need to integrate plant–plant interactions into our understanding of plant–animal interactions. </p>
Abundance predominates over niche factors as determinant of the frequency of interactions between frugivorous birds and plants
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Neutral and niche factors influence the structure of frugivory and seed dispersal networks. While the former refers to the abundance of interacting species, niche factors refer to traits that mediate interactions between species (e.g., morphology). The challenge is to unravel in which circumstances one kind of factor predominates over the other, or how much variation is explained by each factor. We investigated the relative contributions of abundance and trait-matching (considering fruit's size, pulp mass to seed mass ratio, and lipid content, and bird's degree of frugivory, body mass, and gape width) as drivers of the frequency of interactions between frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits in an area of Cerrado second-growth vegetation in Brazil. We expected that the abundance of species would be the most important factor due to the predominance of common small-bodied generalist bird species and small-seeded fleshy-fruited plants. Species abundance was indeed an important factor explaining interactions, although in limited fashion. This is because niche factors also helped to explain bird-plant interaction frequencies in the community, particularly the mass ratio of fruits and, to a lesser extent, their lipid content through its interaction with abundance and its negative correlation with mass ratio. In addition to the importance of both bird and plant abundances, these results underscore the role played by plant functional traits in maintaining community function and ecosystem services even in habitats dominated by common generalist birds and small-seeded plants.</span></p>
Tri-trophic interactions with avian predators: the effect of host plant species and herbivore-induced plant volatiles on recruiting avian predators
<div> <p><span><span>Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important signaling compounds released by plants upon wounding. These compounds have been shown to mediate tri-trophic interactions in recruiting insect predators and parasitoids. Recent work has begun to show that avian species, which were once thought to have a very limited sense of smell, can cue in on these HIPVs to find insect prey. Here, we test the ability for two general HIPVs, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate, to recruit avian predators. We test the recruitment efficacies of these HIPVs across 4 different host plant species (black walnut, red maple, cattail, and wheat) and use clay caterpillars to quantify predation by insectivorous birds. We found no significant differences in predation between treatment groups across any of our host plants. However, there was a nearly-significant effect of methyl salicylate in black-walnut trees. Interestingly, our results did show a significant effect of host plant species on predation levels. The two tree species, particularly black walnut, had higher levels of predation than the herbaceous species. We discuss the implications of these results and suggest a number of ideas and suggestions for future studies investigating the role of HIPVs in attracting insectivorous birds.</span></span></p> </div>
Effects of soil conditioning, root and shoot litter addition interact to determine the intensity of plant-soil feedback (dataset)
<p>Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is recognized as an important mechanism shaping plant communities and determining plant abundance and coexistence. Under natural conditions, plants affect the outcome of plant-soil interactions simultaneously by conditioning the soil by living roots and by litter inputs into the soil. However, most experimental studies only focus on one of the pathways, which limits our understanding of PSF in the field. </p> <p>Here, we simultaneously explored the effect of soil conditioning by living roots and of root and shoot litter addition on the performance of seven <em>Impatiens</em> species grown in a two-phase garden experiment. </p> <p>Soil conditioning negatively affected plant performance and the effect was at least partly explained by nutrient depletion. Root litter addition affected plant performance negatively and the results suggest that biotic effects such as pathogen transmission via the root litter played a role. The effects of root litter addition were more pronounced in control soil which, contrary to the conditioned soil, supposedly did not accumulate pathogens during the conditioning phase. Shoot litter addition increased soil nutrient levels, but had no impact on plant performance. However, presence of shoot litter aggravated the negative effects of root litter, probably due to increased amounts of nutrients available for soil biota and thus their faster growth and intensified effect on the plants. </p> <p><span></span></p> <p>Overall, our study suggests that root and shoot litter have contrasting roles in plant-soil interactions and understanding their separate and interactive effects together with effects of soil conditioning is crucial for assessing the complexity of PSF.</p>
Plant and pollinator interactions from British Columbia from Oak Savannah, Shrub-Steppe, and restored hedgerows
<p>This dataset contains the data analyzed in "Guzman, L.M., Chamberlain, S. and Elle, E. (2021) Network robustness and structure depends on the phenological characteristics of plants and pollinators. Ecology and Evolution"</p> <p>The data comprises plant-pollinator interactions collected in three ecosystems (Oak Savannah, Shrub-Steppe and restored hedgerows) from British Columbia. <b>These</b> three vegetation types comprised three different studies. The average distance between sites within studies was 19km, 18km and 29km for the oak savannah, shrub-steppe and hedgerows respectively. For simplicity we use "pollinator" throughout this paper to refer to insects and hummingbirds observed visiting flowers and contacting reproductive organs, although their effectiveness at transfer of pollen has not been assessed. The networks were comprised largely of bees, with wasps and hoverflies also common. Less common were butterflies and beetles. The plants were largely forbs with some shrubs; insect-pollinated trees were not sampled for largely logistical reasons of tree height but tended to be uncommon in these ecosystems.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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