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3,682 results for “ROOTS”
Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on resident soil and root mycobiomes in beech forests
<p>The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of fertilizers on root-associated and soil residing fungi in beech forests. We report data from a fertilization experiment in three temperate beech forest with contrasting soil phosphorus concentrations. We used soil cores and the fractions of the organic layer and mineral topsoil separately of spring and fall 2018. We collected bulk soil and roots. We provide data on soil for pH, mineral elements, ammonium, nitrate, carbon, nitrogen. We provide data on root mineral nutrients, carbon and nitrogen. Illumina sequencing in soil and roots provides fungal amplicon sequence variant (ASV) and morphotyping of beech fine roots the active colonizing ectomycorrhizal fungi, including diversity parameters.</p>
C4 photosynthesis and the economic spectra of leaf and root traits independently influence growth rates in grasses
<p>Photosynthetic pathway is an important cause of growth rate variation between species, such that the enhanced carbon uptake of C<sub>4</sub> species leads to faster growth than their C<sub>3</sub> counterparts. Leaf traits that promote rapid resource acquisition may further enhance the growth capacity of C<sub>4</sub> species. However, how root economic traits interact with leaf traits, and the different growth strategies adopted by plants with C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> photosynthetic pathways is unclear. Plant economic traits could interact with, or act independently of, photosynthetic pathway in influencing growth rate, or C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> species could segregate out along a common growth rate-trait relationship.</p> <p>We measured leaf and root traits on 100+ grass species grown from seeds in a controlled, common environment to compare with relative growth rates (RGR) during the initial phase of rapid growth, controlling for phylogeny and allometric effects.</p> <p>Photosynthetic pathway acts independently to leaf and root functional traits in causing fast growth. Using C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis, plants can achieve faster growth than their C<sub>3</sub> counterparts (by an average 0.04 g g<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) for a given suite of functional trait values, with lower investments of leaf and root nitrogen. Leaf and root traits had an additive effect on RGR, with plants achieving fast growth by possessing resource-acquisitive leaf traits (high specific leaf area and low leaf dry matter content) or root traits (high specific root length and area, and low root diameter), but having both leads to an even faster growth rate (by up to 0.06 g g-1 day-1). C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis can provide a greater relative increase in RGR for plants with a 'slow' ecological strategy than in those with fast growth. However, aboveground and belowground strategies are not coordinated, so that species can have any combination of 'slow' or 'fast' leaf and root traits.</p> <p>Synthesis: C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis increases growth rate for a given combination of economic traits, and significantly alters plant nitrogen economy in the leaves and roots. However, leaf and root economic traits act independently to further enhance growth. The fast growth of C<sub>4</sub> grasses promotes a competitive advantage under hot, sunny conditions.</p>
Belowground fungi, soil, and root chemistry in tropical landuse systems
<p>The data were collected in the humid tropical climate on Sumatra (Indonesia) in rain forests, in jungle rubber (rubber planted into forests), in rubber, and oil palm plantations. A total of 44 plots were sampled. The data set consists of two tables. The table Environmental_data contains plot information, geographic coordinates of the plots, and data on soil properties (pH, nitrogen, carbon, C/N, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, phosporous, soil resource index, soil PC1, soil PC2) and on root traits (biomass, nitrogen, carbon, C/N, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, phosporous, root resource index, root PC1, soil PC, root vitality). Table 2 contain abundance data (OTU counts) for fungi associated with roots or with soil and their phylogenetic and functional assignments.</p>
Data from: Root morphology and mycorrhizal type strongly influence root production in nutrient hot spots of mixed forests
1. Plants compete for nutrients using a range of strategies. We investigated nutrient foraging within nutrient hot-spots simultaneously available to plant species with diverse root traits. We hypothesized that there would be more root proliferation by thin-root species than by thick-root species, and that root proliferation by thin-root species would limit root proliferation by thick-root species. 2. We conducted a root ingrowth experiment in a temperate forest in eastern USA where root systems of different tree species could interact. Tree species varied in the thickness of their absorptive roots, and were associated with either ectomycorrhizal (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Thus, there were thin- and thick-root AM and thin- and thick-root EM plant functional groups. Half the ingrowth cores were amended with organic nutrients (dried green leaves). Relative root length abundance, the proportion of total root length in a given soil volume occupied by a particular plant functional group, was calculated for the original root population and ingrowth roots after 6 months. 3. The shift in relative root length abundance from original to ingrowth roots was positive in thin-root species but negative in thick-root species (P < 0.001), especially in unamended patches (AM: +6% vs. -7%; EM: +8% vs. -9%). Being thin-rooted may thus allow a species to more rapidly recolonize soil after a disturbance, which may influence competition for nutrients. Moreover, we observed that nutrient additions amplified the shift in root length abundance of thin over thick roots in AM trees (+13% vs. -14%), but not in EM trees (+1% vs -3%). In contrast, phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers suggested that EM fungal hyphae strongly proliferated in nutrient hot-spots whereas AM fungal hyphae exhibited only modest proliferation. 4. We found no evidence that when growing in the shared patch, the proliferation of thin roots inhibited the growth of thick roots. 5. Synthesis. Knowledge of root morphology and mycorrhizal type of co-existing tree species may improve prediction of patch exploitation and nutrient acquisition in heterogeneous soils.
Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation
Drought-induced tree mortality is expected to increase globally due to climate change, with profound implications for forest composition, function and global climate feedbacks. How drought is experienced by different species is thought to depend fundamentally on where they access water vertically below ground, but this remains untracked so far due to the difficulty of measuring water availability at depths at which plants access water (few to several tens of meters), the broad temporal scales at which droughts at those depths unfold (seasonal to decadal), and the difficulty in linking these patterns to forest-wide species-specific demographic responses. We address this problem through a new eco-hydrological framework: we used a hydrological model to estimate belowground water availability by depth over a period of two decades that included a multi-year drought. Given this water availability scenario and 20yr long-records of species-specific growth patterns, we inversely estimated the relative depths at which 12 common species in the forest accessed water via a model of water-stress. Finally, we tested whether our estimates of species relative uptake depths predicted mortality in multi-year drought. The hydrological model revealed clear belowground niches as precipitation was decoupled from water availability by depth at multi-annual scale. Species partitioned the hydrological niche by diverging in their uptake depths and so in the same forest stand, different species experienced very different drought patterns, resulting in clear differences in species-specific growth. Finally, species relative water uptake depths predicted species mortality patterns after the multi-year drought. Species that our method ranked as relying on deeper water were the ones that had suffered from greater mortality, as the zone from which they access water took longer to recharge after depletion. This research changes our understanding of how hydrological niches operate for trees with a trade-off between realized growth potential and survival under drought with decadal scale return time. The eco-hydrological framework highlights the importance of species-specific below ground strategies in predicting forest response to drought. Applying this framework more broadly may help us better understand species-coexistence in diverse forest communities and improve mechanistic predictions of forests productivity and compositional change under future climate.
Data from: Contrasting patterns of functional diversity in coffee root fungal communities associated with organic and conventionally-managed fields
<p>The structure and function of fungal communities in the coffee rhizosphere is shaped by crop environment. Because coffee can be grown along a management continuum from conventional application of pesticides and fertilizers in full sun to organic management in a shaded understory, we used coffee fields to hold host constant while comparing rhizosphere fungal communities in markedly different environmental conditions with regard to shade and inputs. We characterized the shade and soil environment in 25 fields under conventional, organic or transitional management in two regions of Costa Rica. We amplified the ITS2 region of fungal DNA from coffee roots in these fields and characterized the rhizosphere fungal community via high-throughput sequencing. Sequences were assigned to guilds to determine differences in functional diversity and trophic structure among coffee field environments. Organic fields had more shade, a greater richness of shade tree species, more leaf litter, and were less acidic, with lower soil nitrate availability and higher soil copper, calcium, and magnesium than conventionally-managed fields, although differences between organic and conventionally-managed fields in shade, calcium and magnesium depended on region. Differences in richness and community composition of rhizosphere fungi between organic and conventionally-managed fields were also correlated with shade, soil acidity, nitrate, and copper. Trophic structure differed with coffee field management. Saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and mycoparasites were more diverse and plant pathogens were more abundant in organic than in conventionally-managed fields, while saprotroph-plant pathogens were more abundant in conventionally-managed fields. These differences reflected environmental differences and depended on region.</p> <p><b>IMPORTANCE</b></p> <p>Rhizosphere fungi play key roles in ecosystems, as nutrient cyclers, pathogens, and mutualists, yet little is currently known about which environmental factors and how agricultural management shape rhizosphere fungal communities and their functional diversity. This field study of the coffee agroecosystem suggests that organic management not only fosters a greater overall diversity of fungi, but also maintains a greater richness of saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi that has implications for efficiency of nutrient cycling and regulation of plant pathogen populations in agricultural systems. As well as influencing community composition and richness of rhizosphere fungi, shade management and use of fungicides and synthetic fertilizers altered the trophic structure of the coffee agroecosystem.</p>
Data from: Does warming by open-top chambers induce change in the root-associated fungal community of the arctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona (Ericaceae)?
Climate change may alter mycorrhizal communities, which impact ecosystem characteristics such as carbon sequestration processes. These impacts occur at a greater magnitude in Arctic ecosystems, where the climate is warming faster than in lower latitudes. Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don is an Arctic plant species in the Ericaceae family with a circumpolar range. C. tetragona has been reported to form ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) as well as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses. In this study, the fungal taxa present within roots of C. tetragona plants collected from Svalbard were investigated using DNA metabarcoding. In light of ongoing climate change in the Arctic, the effects of artificial warming by open-top chambers (OTCs) on the fungal root community of C. tetragona were evaluated. We detected only a weak effect of warming by OTCs on the root-associated fungal communities that was masked by the spatial variation between sampling sites. The root fungal community of C. tetragona was dominated by fungal groups in the Basidiomycota traditionally classified as either saprotrophic or ECM symbionts, including the orders Sebacinales and Agaricales and the genera Clavaria, Cortinarius, and Mycena. Only a minor proportion of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) could be annotated as ErM-forming fungi. This indicates that C. tetragona may be forming mycorrhizal symbioses with typically ECM-forming fungi, although no characteristic ECM root tips were observed. Previous studies have indicated that some saprophytic fungi may also be involved in biotrophic associations, but whether the saprotrophic fungi in the roots of C. tetragona are involved in biotrophic associations remains unclear. The need for more experimental and microscopy-based studies to reveal the nature of the fungal associations in C. tetragona roots is emphasized.
Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialisation among rock- and soil-dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres
<p>1. Plant growth on harsh substrates (habitat specialisation) requires specific traits to cope with stressful conditions. 2. We tested whether traits related to nutrient acquisition (root colonisation by fungal symbionts, and plant morphological and physiological specialisations), and nutrient use (leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and N- and P-remobilisation efficiency), were related to habitat specialisation for 27 species of Velloziaceae growing either in soil or on rocks in extremely P-impoverished <i>campos rupestres</i> habitats. If habitat specialisation were to drive trait sorting, then we expect traits to differ between those substrates. 3. Both soil and rock-dwelling species presented a very low proportion of root length colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi. However, rhizosheaths were only observed in soil-dwelling species, and vellozioid roots, a specialisation that allows for mining P and dissolving quartzite rock, were mostly found in rock-dwelling species. We did not observe differences in nutrient-use traits between rock- and soil-dwelling species. 4. Roots specialisations are strongly correlated with microhabitats, and the presence of vellozioid roots seems to mediate bare rock specialisation. There is an overall P limitation of plant productivity both on rock and in soil of <i>campos rupestres</i>, which does not drive the sorting of traits related to aboveground nutrient use and symbiotic P acquisition. Therefore, nutrient impoverishment is indeed a very strong environmental filter in <i>campos rupestres </i>as a whole, but habitat specialisation plays an important role in the spatial distribution of Velloziaceae between contrasting substrates.</p>
Ecological patterns of root nodule diversity in cultivated and wild rooibos populations: a community prediction approach
<p>There is interest in understanding the factors behind the biogeography of root-associated bacteria due to the joint effects that plant host, climate, and soil conditions can have on bacterial diversity. For legume crops with remaining wild populations, this is of even more importance, because the effects of cropping on undisturbed root-associated bacterial communities can be addressed. Here, we used a community prediction approach to describe the diversity of the root nodule bacterial communities of rooibos (<i>Aspalathus linearis</i>), an endemic legume crop from South Africa. The goal was to reveal whether patterns of root nodule community composition in paired cultivated and wild rooibos populations could be related to geographical distance, plant traits, and plant population type (i.e. cultivated or uncultivated). We identified a core of dominant and widespread <i>Mesorhizobium</i> ZOTUs that each defined one of 4 different root nodule community classes. Rooibos cultivation impacted root nodule bacterial diversity at regional and local scales, while the geographical origin of the root nodule communities was the strongest predictor of root nodule community structure. Beyond impacts of cultivation on root nodule bacterial diversity, this study suggests a mixture of dispersal limitation and ecological drift regionally, and selection by different plant populations locally, define the biogeography of rooibos root nodule bacterial communities. </p>
Contrasting patterns in biomass allocation, root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis for phosphorus acquisition among 20 chickpea genotypes with different amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates
<p>1. Adjustments in root biomass allocation, root morphology, carboxylate exudation and mycorrhizal symbiosis are well-known strategies for plants to cope with phosphorus (P) deficiency. Large genotypic variation in these functional traits has been demonstrated within numerous species. Yet, whether these functional traits are coordinated differently among genotypes of a species to enhance P acquisition remains unknown.</p> <p>2. We characterised 11 root functional traits associated with P acquisition in 20 chickpea genotypes with contrasting amounts of rhizosheath carboxylates, grown in a glasshouse with severely limiting insoluble (10 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> FePO<sub>4</sub>), moderately limiting soluble (10 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), and adequate (50 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) P supply.</p> <p>3. Substantial variation was found among genotypes in root functional traits associated with P acquisition. Genotypes with a large amount of carboxylates (HRC) had thinner roots, and a lower root mass fraction and root mass density, but higher specific root length and colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) than genotypes with a small amount of rhizosheath carboxylates.</p> <p>4. In response to soil P availability, chickpea genotypes showed large plasticity in root biomass allocation, rhizosheath pH, carboxylate amount, and colonisation by AMF, but a limited response in most root morphological traits (i.e. mean root diameter, root mass density and specific root length). Shoot P content was strongly correlated with different root functional traits in the three P treatments.</p> <p>5. Our findings suggest a range of predictable relationships between root functional traits among chickpea genotypes; those with HRC tended to have relatively thinner roots with lower cost of root construction, while allocating more resources to carboxylate exudation and colonisation by AMF. The shift in the relationships between shoot P content and root functional traits indicates that <span class="fontstyle01"><span>root traits and/or trait combinations in chickpea vary in a manner that enhances P acquisition under specific soil P conditions (i.e. P sources/ levels)</span></span>. Such knowledge provides valuable information for chickpea genotype breeding and our understanding of evolution of traits with improved root/rhizosphere functioning.</p> <p> </p>
Wooden apothecary vessel for danewort root
ID no.: KGZ 3178/8 Museum: The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/1723 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pharmaceutical vessel for asarabacca root
A bright, oval shield surrounded by twigs is visible on the tin's side. In its center there is an inscription: PULV.(IS) ASARI RADIC.(UM), which means the powdered rhizome of asarum europaeum. ID no.: KGZ 3325 Time of creation: 18th/19th century Museum: The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/1977 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
An evaluation of inexpensive methods for root image acquisition when using rhizotrons
<p>Dataset presenting the root data analysis performed in the paper:</p> <p><strong>An evaluation of inexpensive methods for root image acquisition when using rhizotrons</strong></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Awaz Mohamed*, <sup>1</sup>Yogan Monnier, <sup>1</sup>Zhun Mao, <sup>2,3</sup>Guillaume Lobet, <sup>4</sup>Jean-Luc Maeght, <sup>1</sup>Merlin Ramel, <sup>1</sup>Alexia Stokes</p> <p>The dataset contains:<br> Images examples_LaboratoryTest.7z: original images from laboratory rhizotron test including examples of images from camera, smartphone and scanners methods before and after image stitching (Test1)<br> Images examples in situ rhizotron.7z: original images of roots system from in situ rhizotron (Test2)<br> Day&night root growth by Camera.7z: original images of root growth monitored by time-lapse camera using in situ rhizotron (Test3).<br> Root_data.CSV.7z: Root data exported from SmartRoot and used for analysis in R<br> Root_Data_Analysis.R.7z: R scripts used for root data analysis</p>
Soybean Root Phenotype and Genotype Data from the Piney Purdue Agricultural Center (PPAC), Indiana
<p>This data repository contains records of root phenotypes collected in the Pinney Purdue Agricultural Center (PPAC) (Wanatah, Indiana, USA) on 24 soybean genotypes in 2022 along with their genotype information from the intersection of the BARCSoySNP6K and SoySNP50K assays.</p> <p>The repository contains the following files:<br>Bogati_soybean_root_phenotype_data1.xlsx</p> <p>6k_and_50k_geno.map</p> <p>6k_and_50k_geno.ped</p> <p>The map file contains chromosome number, SNP ID, Genetic Distance, and Base pair position.</p> <p>The ped file contains sample name (first two columns) with genotype data corresponding to the .map file beginning in column 7.</p> <p> </p> <p>Acknowledgements: To-Chia Ting, Luis Vargas, and Sajad Jamshidi assisted in the collection of root phenotype data. Chance Clark helped extract DNA for genotyping.</p> <p> </p>
Meta-analysis of multiple ion uptake kinetics in crop roots
<p>This dataset collates measures of Michaelis-Menten root uptake parameters for several nutrients based on reported literature. The analysis appears in a review article by Marcus Griffiths (mdgriffiths at noble.org) and Larry York (lmyork at noble.org).</p> <p>Please cite this repository and the review article if the data is reused.</p> <p><strong>Citation:</strong></p> <p>Griffiths, M. G., York, L. M. (In Press) Targeting root ion uptake kinetics to increase plant productivity and nutrient use efficiency. Plant Physiology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.01496">https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.01496</a></p> <p><strong>File descriptions and use</strong></p> <p>The R script assumes that all data files are in the working directory and that the "tidyverse" meta-package is installed.</p> <p><strong>Kinetics_metaanalysis_all_files_v2.zip</strong> - Contains all the files.<br> <br> <strong>Kinetics_metaanalysis_column_definitions.txt </strong>- Definitions of column names used in data files (not used by R script)<br> <br> <strong>Kinetics_metaanalysis_csv.csv </strong>- Complete dataset in CSV format<strong> </strong>(used by R script)<br> <br> <strong>Kinetics_metaanalysis_excel.xlsx</strong> - Complete dataset in Excel format (not used by R script)<br> <br> <strong>Kinetics_metaanalysis_figure_subset.csv </strong>- Subset of total data used for figure generation (used by R script)<br> <br> <strong>Kinetics_metaanalysis_figures_code.R </strong>- Required R script for statistical analysis </p> <p>Version 2 of this repository includes minor updates to include new papers and data.</p> <p> </p>
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Studies of Leaves and Roots of P. angulata
<p><strong>Quantifying the bioactive compounds present in plant parts (leaves and roots). This study aimed to perform comprehensive qualitative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial analysis of extract of leaves and roots of p.angulata. phytochemicals test where carried out on the extracts to detect the presence of phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids etc. Different chemical tests were employed to confirm the presence of these compounds. The color change indicates the presence of specific phytochemicals. The results obtained from the qualitative analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, glycosides and steroids in both the leaves and roots part of the plant. However the results of the antimicrobial test obtained from the extracts of both leaves and roots extracts of </strong><i><strong>Physalis angulata</strong></i><strong> revealed that both the crude extracts of the leaves and roots inhibited Anti-microbial activities against </strong><i><strong>Bacillus species,</strong></i><strong> </strong><i><strong>Styphylococcus aureus</strong></i><strong>, Plasmodium parasites and Streptococcus species except the leaves extract of acetone which does not act against </strong><i><strong>Styphylococcus aureus</strong></i><strong>. The facts that the plant was active against laboratory isolates are also an indication that the plant parts has medicinal values and Potential therapeutic or pharmacological properties. The findings of this analysis can be further utilized for developing drugs, functional foods, or dietary supplements with specific phytochemical.</strong></p>
Data and R code used in Alonso-Crespo et al (2024) Exploring priority and year effects on plant diversity, productivity and vertical root distribution: first insights from a grassland field experiment
<p>This release contains the raw data, R code, and RootPainter model supporting the results described in Alonso-Crespo et al (2024) Exploring priority and year effects on plant diversity, productivity and vertical root distribution: first insights from a grassland field experiment.</p>
Decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus release from fine and coarse roots during seven years of decomposition
<ol> <li><span>Belowground litter decomposition represents an important source of the limiting nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to forest soils, but roots also immobilize these nutrients during the decomposition process.</span></li> <li> <span>Despite clear implications for soil fertility, the rates and drivers of nutrient immobilization and release </span><span>(as the percent of increase and decrease of the initial pool) </span><span>from root litter remain poorly understood, especially in coarse roots (> 2 mm diameter).</span> </li> <li> <span>To address this gap, we conducted a seven-year field decomposition experiment using roots from three species, across five diameter classes (</span><span>< 1 mm, 1–2 mm, 2–5 mm, 5–10 mm, and 10–20 mm</span><span>) in a temperate forest.</span> </li> <li> <span>Nitrogen and P dynamics were largely decoupled over the course of the experiment, and both </span><span>varied </span><span>by</span><span> species and root diameter. Roots released P to the surrounding soil within the first year of decomposition. In contrast, roots immobilized N for much longer, with the coarsest roots remaining a net N sink after 7 years.</span><span> Long-term N release was jointly controlled by initial nutrient and carbon (C) quality, whereas P release and decomposition rate </span><span>were</span><span> better predicted by initial C quality. Initial root nutrients well predicted the difference between long-term N versus P release.</span> </li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> Our results highlight the fact that N and P dynamics should be considered separately when modelling nutrient release during root decomposition and suggest that the functional diversity of belowground biomass may have considerable afterlife effects on the relative availability of N and P in soil. We conclude that root litter, especially coarse root litter, represents a</span><span>n</span><span> underappreciated N sink in forest soils.</span> </li> </ol>
A root-specific NLR network confers resistance to plant parasitic nematodes - genomic sequences and annotations
<p>Sequence and annotation data associated with "A root-specific NLR network confers resistance to plant parasitic nematodes"</p>
Contrasting responses of fine root biomass and traits to large-scale nitrogen and phosphorus addition in tropical forests in the Guiana shield
<p>Fine roots mediate plant nutrient acquisition and growth. Depending on soil nutrient availability, plants can regulate fine root biomass and morphological traits to optimise nutrient acquisition. Little is known, however, about the importance of these parameters influencing forest functioning. In this study, we measured root responses to nutrient additions to gain a mechanistic understanding of plant adaptations to nutrient limitation in two tropical forests in French Guiana, differing two-fold in their soil nutrient statuses. We analysed the responses of root biomass, mean root diameter (RD), specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), root tissue density (RTD) and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in roots down to 15 cm soil depth after three years of N and P additions. At the lower-fertility site Paracou, no changes in root biomass or morphological traits were detected with either N or P addition, although P concentrations in roots increased with P addition. In the higher fertility site, Nouragues, root biomass and P concentrations in roots increased with P addition, with no changes in morphological traits. In contrast, N addition shifted root traits from acquisitive to more conservative by increasing RTD. A significant interaction between N and P in Nouragues pointed to stronger responses to P addition in the absence of N. Our results suggest that the magnitude and direction of root biomass and trait expression were regulated by soil fertility, corroborated by the response to N or P additions. At low fertility sites, we found lower plasticity in root trait expression compared to more fertile conditions, where N and P additions caused stronger and antagonistic responses. Identifying the exact role of mechanisms affecting root nutrient uptake in Amazon forests growing in different soils will be crucial to foresee if and how rapid global changes can affect their carbon allocation.</p>
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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