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Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.pogoniasBennett,1833—SENigeria(fromtheCrossRiver),NWCameroon(NofSanagaRiver),andBiokoI(EquatorialGuinea). C.p.grayiFraser,1850—SCameroon(SofthemiddleSanagaRiver),SWCentralAfricanRepublic,NWDRCongo(EoftheUbangiRiver,WtotheItimbiriRiverBasinNoftheCongoRiver),NEGabon,NRepublicoftheCongo,andpossiblyAngola(Cabinda). C. p. nigripes Du Chaillu, 1860 — Equatorial Guinea, W Gabon, Republic of the Congo (between the Ogooué and Congo rivers). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.pogoniasBennett,1833—SENigeria(fromtheCrossRiver),NWCameroon(NofSanagaRiver),andBiokoI(EquatorialGuinea). C.p.grayiFraser,1850—SCameroon(SofthemiddleSanagaRiver),SWCentralAfricanRepublic,NWDRCongo(EoftheUbangiRiver,WtotheItimbiriRiverBasinNoftheCongoRiver),NEGabon,NRepublicoftheCongo,andpossiblyAngola(Cabinda). C. p. nigripes Du Chaillu, 1860 — Equatorial Guinea, W Gabon, Republic of the Congo (between the Ogooué and Congo rivers).

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Distribution. Patchily in forests not more than 350 km inland from the coast in S Nigeria (W limit in forests near Dahomey Gap), W Cameroon, W Equatorial Guinea, W Gabon, and SW of the Republic of Congo (as far S as Conkouati-Douli National Park); there have been unconfirmed reports of its occurrence in Benin, butif it ever did occur there, it may now be extirpated, as was a former population near the Benue River in Nigeria. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. Patchily in forests not more than 350 km inland from the coast in S Nigeria (W limit in forests near Dahomey Gap), W Cameroon, W Equatorial Guinea, W Gabon, and SW of the Republic of Congo (as far S as Conkouati-Douli National Park); there have been unconfirmed reports of its occurrence in Benin, butif it ever did occur there, it may now be extirpated, as was a former population near the Benue River in Nigeria.

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Distribution. SE Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, N DR Congo (N of the Congo River, from Ubangi River to the Ituri Forest and the Semliki River), NE Gabon (E of the Ivindo River), and the N of the Republic of Congo (across the Sangha River). A single record from Equatorial Guinea was possibly a misidentification. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. SE Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, N DR Congo (N of the Congo River, from Ubangi River to the Ituri Forest and the Semliki River), NE Gabon (E of the Ivindo River), and the N of the Republic of Congo (across the Sangha River). A single record from Equatorial Guinea was possibly a misidentification.

Distribution. Scattered in N Cameroon, N Central African Republic, NE &S DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania, C & E Angola, and N Zambia. in Muridae

Distribution. Scattered in N Cameroon, N Central African Republic, NE &S DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania, C & E Angola, and N Zambia.

Distribution. Known from scattered localities in C Africa (W & S Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Gabon, N Republic of the Congo, and N DR Congo). in Muridae

Distribution. Known from scattered localities in C Africa (W & S Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Gabon, N Republic of the Congo, and N DR Congo).

Distribution. Narrowly distributed in C African rainforests of S Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and NW Republic of the Congo. in Muridae

Distribution. Narrowly distributed in C African rainforests of S Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and NW Republic of the Congo.

Distribution. Until recently thought to be endemic to the Albertine Rift (E DR Congo, SW Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), at elevations of up to 2960 m in the Rwenzori Mts, but = onasequences, Bryja and colleagues in 2014 suggested that it occurs also in Central African Republic, N DR Congo, and W Kenya. in Muridae

Distribution. Until recently thought to be endemic to the Albertine Rift (E DR Congo, SW Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), at elevations of up to 2960 m in the Rwenzori Mts, but = onasequences, Bryja and colleagues in 2014 suggested that it occurs also in Central African Republic, N DR Congo, and W Kenya.

Distribution. SW Guinea (Mt Nimba), from SE Liberia E through Ivory Coast and Ghana to Togo, SW Nigeria, and E& S through Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko I), Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and DR Congo to N Angola; distribution limits uncertain. in Muridae

Distribution. SW Guinea (Mt Nimba), from SE Liberia E through Ivory Coast and Ghana to Togo, SW Nigeria, and E& S through Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko I), Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and DR Congo to N Angola; distribution limits uncertain.

Distribution. SW Zimbabwe, E South Africa, and Swaziland; the range of the form cf. incomtus includes much of C Africa (Gabon, Republic of the Congo, DR Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique). in Muridae

Distribution. SW Zimbabwe, E South Africa, and Swaziland; the range of the form cf. incomtus includes much of C Africa (Gabon, Republic of the Congo, DR Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique).

Subspecies and Distribution. L. n. nudicaudus Heller, 1911 — from Sanaga River in Cameroon E to the Ubangui River in Central African Republic and S to SW Republic of the Congo, with an isolated record from the right bank of the Congo River . L. n. tullbergi Matschie, 1911 — SE Nigeria and Cameroon, between Cross and Sanaga rivers, and Bioko I. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. L. n. nudicaudus Heller, 1911 — from Sanaga River in Cameroon E to the Ubangui River in Central African Republic and S to SW Republic of the Congo, with an isolated record from the right bank of the Congo River . L. n. tullbergi Matschie, 1911 — SE Nigeria and Cameroon, between Cross and Sanaga rivers, and Bioko I.

Distribution. Central African Republic, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, NE DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, and N Tanzania. in Muridae

Distribution. Central African Republic, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, NE DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, and N Tanzania.

FIGURE 8 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 8. Dorsal view of frontal and supra-orbital cephalic lateral line system. 'Aphyosemion' cyanoflavum, male,28.0 mm SL, paratype, AMNH 262589 (A & B), and generalized 'Aphyosemion' (C). Dotted lines: dermal tissue lobes; 1: G-scale narrow versus wide; 2: wide supra-orbital groove with large neuromasts versus narrow groove with small neuromasts; 3: large black anterior neuromast versus small light neuromast; 4: two large and darker frontal neuromasts in one pit, anteriorly bordered with one dermal tissue lobe versus two small light neuromasts, each in a separate pit with two dermal tissue lobes,

FIGURE 4 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic results of the cytochrome b data for the 'A'. coeleste group. Bayesian analyses (BA): numbers at nodes represent posterior probability values for both analyses (NST2/NST6). All trees are rooted with M. cameronense (CAM 262). Sample abbreviations are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 1 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 1. Map of the study area in the upper Louessé River basin in the Republic of the Congo and the 38 collections sites of the freshwater fauna survey.

FIGURE 5 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 5. The collection localities of the 'A'. coeleste, 'A'. cryptum, and 'A'. mandoroense DNA samples are indicated with coloured symbols on maps of the upper Louessé (left) and upper Louessé and upper Ogooué Rivers (right), and within the part of the resulting tree of the BA including these samples. For the two Gabon samples (COE 1353 and COE 1721) no exact locality data are known, the red surrounded area indicates their collection area.

FIGURE 3 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic results of the cytochrome b data for the 'A.' ogoense species group. Bayesian analyses (BA): numbers at nodes represent posterior probability values for both analyses (NST2/NST6). All trees are rooted with I. striatum (STR 1714). Sample abbreviations are given in Table 1.

FIGURE 12 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 12. Males of 'Aphyosemion' cryptum, holotype (AMNH 263407) indicated by the letter H, syntopic paratypes (AMNH 262594), and syntopic 'A'. coeleste (indicated by the letter C, AMNH 262596).

FIGURE 14 in Three new endemic Aphyosemion species (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the Massif du Chaillu in the upper Louessé River system, Republic of the Congo

FIGURE 14. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the occurrence of 'Aphyosemion' species in relation to various environmental attributes, where attributes highlighted in black are significant (p≤0.05). CYA = 'A'. cyanoflavum; MAN = 'A'. mandoroense; CRY = 'A'. cryptum; COE = 'A'. coeleste; Elev = Elevation; Ave Velo = Average Velocity; Canopy c = Canopy Cover; DO = Dissolved Oxygen.