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2,214 results for “Strength”
Data from: Sex-specific inbreeding depression depends on the strength of male-male competition
Inbreeding depression has become a central theme in evolutionary biology and is considered to be a driving force for the evolution of reproductive morphology, physiology, behavior, and mating systems. Despite the overwhelming body of empirical work on the reproductive consequences of inbreeding, relatively little is known on whether inbreeding depresses male and female fitness to the same extent. However, sex-specific inbreeding depression has been argued to affect the evolution of selfing rates in simultaneous hermaphrodites and provides a powerful approach to test whether selection is stronger in males than in females, which is predicted to be the consequence of sexual selection. We tested for sex-specific inbreeding depression in the simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail Physa acuta by comparing the reproductive performance of both sex functions between selfed and outcrossed focal individuals under different levels of male–male competition. We found that inbreeding impaired both male and female reproductive success and that the magnitude of male inbreeding depression exceeded female inbreeding depression when the opportunity for sperm competition was highest. Our study provides the first evidence for sex-specific inbreeding depression in a hermaphroditic animal and highlights the importance of considering the level of male–male competition when assessing sex differences in inbreeding depression.
Comparing the strength of modular signal, and evaluating alternative modular hypotheses, using covariance ratio effect sizes with morphometric data
<p>The study of modularity is paramount for understanding trends of phenotypic evolution, and for determining the extent to which covariation patterns are conserved across taxa and levels of biological organization. However, biologists currently lack quantitative methods for statistically comparing the strength of modular signal across datasets, and a robust approach for evaluating alternative modular hypotheses for the same dataset. As a solution to these challenges, we propose an effect size measure (Z_CR) derived from the covariance ratio, and develop hypothesis-testing procedures for their comparison. Computer simulations demonstrate that Z_CR displays appropriate statistical properties and low levels of misspecification, implying that it correctly identifies modular signal, when present. By contrast, alternative methods based on likelihood (EMMLi) and goodness of fit (MINT) suffer from high false positive rates and high model misspecification rates. An empirical example in sigmodontine rodent mandibles is provided to illustrate the utility of Z_CR for comparing modular hypotheses. Overall, we find that covariance ratio effect sizes are useful for comparing patterns of modular signal across datasets or for evaluating alternative modular hypotheses for the same dataset. Finally, the statistical philosophy for pairwise model comparisons using effect sizes should accommodate any future analytical developments for characterizing modular signal.</p>
Data from: Increasing zooplankton size diversity enhances the strength of top-down control on phytoplankton through diet niche partitioning
1. The biodiversity-ecosystem functioning debate is a central topic in ecology. Recently, there has been a growing interest in size diversity because body size is sensitive to environmental changes and is one of the fundamental characteristics of organisms linking many ecosystem properties. However, how size diversity affects ecosystem functioning is an important yet unclear issue. 2. To fill the gap, with large-scale field data from the East China Sea, we tested the novel hypothesis that increasing zooplankton size diversity enhances top-down control on phytoplankton (H1) and compared it with five conventional hypotheses explaining the top-down control: flatter zooplankton size spectrum enhances the strength of top-down control (H2); nutrient enrichment lessens the strength of top-down control (H3); increasing zooplankton taxonomic diversity enhances the strength of top-down control (H4); increasing fish predation decreases the strength of top-down control of zooplankton on phytoplankton through trophic cascade (H5); increasing temperature intensifies the strength of top-down control (H6). 3. The results of univariate analyses support the hypotheses based on zooplankton size diversity (H1), zooplankton size spectrum (H2), nutrient (H3), and zooplankton taxonomic diversity (H4), but not the hypotheses based on fish predation (H5) and temperature (H6). More in depth analyses indicate that zooplankton size diversity is the most important factor in determining the strength of top-down control on phytoplankton in the East China Sea. 4. Our results suggest a new potential mechanism, that increasing predator size diversity enhances the strength of top-down control on prey through diet niche partitioning. This mechanism can be explained by the optimal predator-prey body-mass ratio concept. Suppose each size group of zooplankton predators has its own optimal phytoplankton prey size, increasing size diversity of zooplankton would promote diet niche partitioning of predators and thus elevates the strength of top-down control.
Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas, All SNP markers
<p>Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas. All SNP markers were included in the dataset. U designates a missing datapoint. The data was not inputed.</p>
Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas with data for 330 markers
<p>Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas with data for 330 markers. This dataset is associated with the dissertation entitled, Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas.</p>
Complete Data HGS vs Blood glc Regulation (Handgrip strength as a screening tool for diabetes in resource-constrained settings)
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background Information: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is an escalating global health concern, especially in low and middle-income countries. Handgrip strength (HGS), a measure of muscle strength, emerges as a potential non-invasive and affordable screening tool for diabetes, particularly in areas with limited healthcare access.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between handgrip strength and blood glucose regulation in non-diabetic young adults and to provide valuable insights into the potential of handgrip strength as a preventive and affordable approach to managing diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study included 59 University of Ilorin students aged 18-21 in Nigeria. Handgrip strength was measured with a dynamometer, and its links to blood glucose markers (fasting blood glucose, 2-hour post-prandial glucose, and HbA1c) were explored using multiple regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed significant associations between HGS and glucose regulation markers, particularly FBS, among males. The relationship was evident in females only after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, a notable connection between HGS and 2-hour post-prandial glucose levels was observed in females but not males. However, no significant associations were found between HGS and serum insulin levels across genders.</p><p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 3. Comparison of maximum lifting strength between Odontotaenius disjunctus with and without Chondronema passali across three weeks of study. Whiskers above and below means represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 4 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 4. Patterns of weight loss in Odontotaenius disjunctus with or without Chondronema passali across three weeks of study. Beetles lost 11% of their initial body mass when placed in captivity (A), which was not fully regained at the end of three weeks. Parasitized beetles tended to lose less mass than did non-parasitized beetles; this effect was not significant at Week 1 (B), but was significant at Week 3 (C). Whiskers above and below means in A represent standard errors; those in B and C represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 1 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 1. Depiction of lifting force measurement in this study. Beetles were positioned under a vertically mounted force gauge, using pins on either side of their body (A). The experimenter gently tapped the elytra which stimulated upward lifting. Force readings (B) were obtained over a five-minute period, and the maximum reading was retained for analyses. Further details of this device and procedure are given by (Davis 2014).
Fig. 2 in Effects of the Naturally Occurring Parasitic NematodeChondronema passaliLeidy on Lifting Strength and Captivity-Related Body Mass Patterns in the Horned Passalus Beetle,Odontotaenius disjunctus(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Fig. 2. Relationship between body size (initial body mass) and maximum lifting strength (at Week 1) in Odontotaenius disjunctus.
Competition for food affects the strength of reproductive interference and its consequences for species coexistence.
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Cranial functional specialisation for strength precedes morphological evolution in Oviraptorosauria
<p>This dataset contains 3D models (.stl), Hypermesh (.hm), and Abaqus (.odb and .rpt) files for finite element analysis on the crania of oviraptorosaurian theropod species <em>Incisivosaurus gautheri</em>, <em>Citipati osmolskae</em>, <em>Khaan mckennai</em>, and <em>Conchoraptor gracilis</em> supporting the paper ‘Cranial functional specialisation for strength precedes morphological evolution in Oviraptorosauria' published in <em>Communications Biology</em> [https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06137-1].</p> <p>[Unzipped total size 47.2GB]</p>
A Dataset of Poker Hand Strengths
<p>A collection of poker hands, covering 7 hand types, in the comma-separated values (CSV) format.</p> <p>Contents:</p> <ul> <li>Badugi</li> <li>Eight-or-better</li> <li>Kuhn poker</li> <li>Ace-to-five (regular)</li> <li>Short-deck hold 'em (6+ hold 'em)</li> <li>Deuce-to-seven (standard)</li> <li>Deuce-to-seven badugi (standard badugi)</li> </ul>
Raw datasets and code generation for the strength prediction of TBC incorporating CCA and GOS
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Raw datasets for mechnaical results and code generation for modelling the strength characteristics of TBC incorporating VPA and CP
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Raw strength datasets and code generation for predicting the strengths of TBC modified with SNA and OSP
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Raw datasets and code generation for strength prediction of BCC incorporating CP and CCA
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Tensile strength data of Euplectella aspergillum basalia spicules.
<p>Tensile strength data of <em>Euplectella aspergillum</em> basalia spicules. The data is presented and discussed in detail in the following arXiv preprint: <em>Non-classical scaling of strength with size in marine biological fibers</em>. </p>
Dataset for "Predicting the Strength of Composites with Computer Vision Using Small Experimental Datasets"
<p>Composite_Strength_Prediction_by_CNN_v1.0</p>
Supplementary File to "Both binding strength and evolutionary accessibility affect the population frequency of transcription factor binding sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana" (Genome Biology and Evolution)
<p>This data is supplementary file 1 of the following publication:</p> <p>Schweizer G, Wagner A. "Both binding strength and evolutionary accessibility affect the population frequency of transcription factor binding sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana" (Genome Biology and Evolution)</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.