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937 results for “Tobacco”
Data from: Prevalence of tobacco use and perceptions of student health professionals about cessation training: results from Global Health Professions Student Survey
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Quit attempts amongst tobacco users identified in the Tamil Nadu Tobacco Survey of 2015-16: A 3 year follow-up mixed methods study
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Data from: Attitudes towards smoking restrictions and tobacco advertisement bans in Georgia
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Data from: Trends in educational and wealth inequalities in adult tobacco use in Nepal 2001-2016: secondary data analyses of four Demographic and Health Surveys
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Data from: Adherence to the Tobacco Control Act, 2007: presence of a workplace policy on tobacco use in bars and restaurants in Nairobi, Kenya
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Tobacco smoke exposure exacerbated crystalline silica-induced lung toxicity in rats
<p>Smoking may modify the lung response to silica exposure including cancer and silicosis. Nevertheless, the precise role of exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) on the lung response to crystalline silica (CS) exposure and the underlying mechanisms need further clarification. The objectives of the present study were to determine the role of TS on lung response to CS exposure and the underlying mechanism(s). Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to air, CS (15 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, 6 hrs/day, 5 days), TS (80 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, 3 hrs/day, twice weekly, 6 months), or CS (15 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, 6 hrs/day, 5 days) followed by TS (80 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, 3 hrs/day, twice weekly, 6 months). The rats were euthanized 6 months and 3 weeks following initiation of the first exposure and the lung response was assessed. Silica exposure resulted in significant lung toxicity as evidenced by lung histological changes, enhanced neutrophil infiltration, increased LDH levels, enhanced oxidant production, and increased cytokine levels. The TS exposure alone had only a minimal effect on these toxicity parameters. However, the combined exposure to TS and CS exacerbated the lung response, compared to TS or CS exposure alone. Global gene expression changes in the lungs correlated with the lung toxicity severity. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data demonstrated significant enrichment in functions, pathways, and networks relevant to the response to silica exposure which correlated with the lung toxicity detected. Collectively our data demonstrated an exacerbation of CS-induced lung toxicity by TS exposure and the molecular mechanisms underlying the exacerbated toxicity.</p>
Olfactory perception of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles elicits counter‐defenses in larvae of the tobacco cutworm
<ol> <li>Herbivore attack leads to increased emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that protect plants by eliciting direct anti-herbivore defenses and indirect defenses via attraction of natural enemies. Whether herbivorous insects can develop counter-defenses against host plants in response to HIPVs is largely unexplored.</li> <li>Using a directed airflow apparatus, we investigated the influence of HIPVs emitted from tobacco cutworm (<i>Spodoptera litura</i><span>)</span>-infested tomatoes on larval performance on herbivore-pretreated tomatoes vs. untreated tomatoes or on trypsin inhibitor-amended artificial diets vs. unamended diets, as well as the transcriptional responses of HIPV-exposed larvae.</li> <li> <i>S. litura</i> larval<i> </i>feeding on tomato plants led to increased emission of HIPVs. The HIPV-exposed larvae showed significantly increased survival rates and weight gains on both herbivore-pretreated tomato leaves and trypsin inhibitor-supplemented diet but not on untreated tomato leaves and control diets, nor when they had been exposed to HIPVs emitted from <i>spr8</i> mutant plants which barely emit terpenes. These results suggest that larval exposure to HIPVs from wild-type plants enhanced their ability to cope with plant induced defenses. The latter is supported by the observation that larval exposure to HIPVs led to enhanced transcript levels of eight genes encoding cuticle proteins, and seven genes encoding cytochrome P450s, an important class of detoxification enzymes<i>.</i> </li> <li>Our studies revealed a mechanism by which larval olfactory perception of HIPVs elicits counter-defenses that enhance the ability of insect herbivores to withstand host plant chemical defenses.</li> </ol>
Supplementary material 3 from: Augsten M, Meyer PB, Freitas LB, Batista JAN, Stehmann JR (2022) Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys 190: 113-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Figure S2
Supplementary material 2 from: Augsten M, Meyer PB, Freitas LB, Batista JAN, Stehmann JR (2022) Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys 190: 113-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Figure S1
Figure 2 from: Augsten M, Meyer PB, Freitas LB, Batista JAN, Stehmann JR (2022) Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys 190: 113-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Figure 2 Nicotiana gandarela Augsten & Stehmann A peculiar habitat of the species, the shaded sites in the base of the shaded ledge B seedlings growing in the site C habit highlighting the rosulate leaves and the scapose inflorescence D, E flowers in lateral and frontal view F 2-valvate capsule with many seeds. G seed with sinuous anticlinal walls (Scanning Electron Microscopy) D–G were obtained from plants of the type population (Augsten and Stehmann 1078, BHCB). Photos by JR Stehmann.
Supplementary material 1 from: Augsten M, Meyer PB, Freitas LB, Batista JAN, Stehmann JR (2022) Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys 190: 113-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Table S1
Figure 3 from: Augsten M, Meyer PB, Freitas LB, Batista JAN, Stehmann JR (2022) Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys 190: 113-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Figure 3 A main mountains of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Minas Gerais. Star indicates the Nicotiana gandarela Augsten & Stehmann occurrence site B Google Earth image showing the regional landscape associated with the N. gandarela site, the forest matrix impacted by a small village, and open mining. The red lines indicate mining concessions (Instituto Prístino: Atlas Digital Geoambiental [https://institutopristino.org.br/atlas/]).
Figure 1 from: Augsten M, Meyer PB, Freitas LB, Batista JAN, Stehmann JR (2022) Nicotiana gandarela (Solanaceae), a new species of 'tobacco' highly endangered from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in Brazil. PhytoKeys 190: 113-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76111
Figure 1 Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree of 56 species of Nicotiana L. of the combined nuclear (ITS) and plastid (ndhF, trnLF, and trnSG) datasets. Numbers next to the nodes represent the posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap values. Section names (according to Knapp et al. 2004) are indicated on the right. Width of lines defined by PP values.
Data from: A critical evaluation of the volume, relevance and quality of evidence submitted by the tobacco industry to oppose standardised packaging of tobacco products
Objectives: To examine the volume, relevance and quality of transnational tobacco corporations' (TTCs) evidence that standardised packaging of tobacco products 'won't work', following the UK government's decision to 'wait and see' until further evidence is available. Design Content analysis. Setting: We analysed the evidence cited in submissions by the UK's four largest TTCs to the UK Department of Health consultation on standardised packaging in 2012. Outcome measures: The volume, relevance (subject matter) and quality (as measured by independence from industry and peer-review) of evidence cited by TTCs was compared with evidence from a systematic review of standardised packaging . Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences in the quality of TTC and systematic review evidence. 100% of the data were second-coded to validate the findings: 94.7% intercoder reliability; all differences were resolved. Results: 77/143 pieces of TTC-cited evidence were used to promote their claim that standardised packaging 'won't work'. Of these, just 17/77 addressed standardised packaging: 14 were industry connected and none were published in peer-reviewed journals. Comparison of TTC and systematic review evidence on standardised packaging showed that the industry evidence was of significantly lower quality in terms of tobacco industry connections and peer-review (p<0.0001). The most relevant TTC evidence (on standardised packaging or packaging generally, n=26) was of significantly lower quality (p<0.0001) than the least relevant (on other topics, n=51). Across the dataset, TTC-connected evidence was significantly less likely to be published in a peer-reviewed journal (p=0.0045). Conclusions: With few exceptions, evidence cited by TTCs to promote their claim that standardised packaging 'won't work' lacks either policy relevance or key indicators of quality. Policymakers could use these three criteria—subject matter, independence and peer-review status—to critically assess evidence submitted to them by corporate interests via Better Regulation processes.
Supplementary material 1 from: Atanasov P, Moneva-Sakelarieva M, Kobakova Y, Obreshkova D, Ivanov I, Chaneva M, Popova M, Petkova V, Ivanova S (2022) Tobacco smokers as target group for complicated coronavirus infection. Pharmacia 69(3): 791-800. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e91095
Graphical abstract
Supplementary material 1 from: Woolfrey L (2017) Data Management Plan: Opening access to economic data to prevent tobacco related diseases in Africa. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14837. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14837
Data quality issues: Accuracy - issues around data collection.
Figure 1 from: Woolfrey L (2017) Data Management Plan: Opening access to economic data to prevent tobacco related diseases in Africa. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14837. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14837
Figure 1 - Tobacco Data in Africa Project Data Inventory 2016. Original data available as Suppl. material 1.
Dataset of Association of depression and anxiety symptoms, and personal factors related to health behavior with tobacco abuse: A secondary data analysis.
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USE OF TOBACCO EXTRACT AS PESTICIDE TO FIGHT CABBAGE CATERPILLARS AND APHIA: CASE STUDY FROM THE ADMINISTRATIVE POST OF MATSINHO
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Levels of the thiocyanate in the saliva of tobacco smokers in comparison to e-cigarette smokers and nonsmokers measured by HPLC on a Phosphatidylcholine Column.
<p>Suppl.1 </p> <p><strong>Table </strong>Calibration data (n=8).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.