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Fig. 11 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 11. Neighbor-joining (NJ) dendrogram showing derived p- distance matrix from parietal mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene sequence. Numbers at branches indicate>50% bootstrap probabilities in 1000 bootstrap replications. Colored (italicized) sample names indicate determined in present study; other sample names indicate accession numbers (see Table 1). At, EP and IP indicate Atlantic Ocean, Eastern Pacific Ocean and Indo-Pacific Oceans, respectively (showing distributional ranges).

Fig. 8 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 8. Heads of Albula koreana (A) and A. argentea (B), showing comparison of color markings. (A) KAUM–I. 125129, 246.9 mm SL, Taiwan; (B) KAUM–I. 50220, 347.0 mm SL, Japan. Photos by KAUM.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 7. Distributional map of Albula argentea (red circles), A. glossodonta (blue diamond), A. koreana (green downward-triangles) and A. oligolepis (yellow upward-triangles) in Indo-Pacific region (A) and Japan and adjacent waters (B). Albula glossodonta omitted in A. Closed and open symbols indicate records based on examined specimens and literature.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 6. Frontal (top) and dorsal (bottom) views of snouts of (A) Albula argentea, (B) A. oligolepis and (C) A. koreana. (A) KAUM–I. 80897, 293.5 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (B) NSMT-P 129038, 289.0 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (C) KAUM–I. 1246, 250.1 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan. Arrow in C indicates blotch on snout tip.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 5. Dorsum of (A–C) Albula argentea and (D–F) A. koreana in preserved specimens (A, D), and schematic drawings (B, C, E, F). Scales with number indicate scale rows between lateral line and mid-dorsal-fin base; red, blue and yellow scales indicate 10th, 9th and 8th scale rows (SR) from lateral line; scales with small circle indicate pored lateral-line scales (PLS). (A, B) KAUM–I. 9013, 265.4 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (C) KAUM–I. 80897, 293.5 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (D, E) KAUM–I. 125129, 246.9 mm SL, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (F) KAUM–I. 1246, 250.1 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 4. Ventral views of lower jaw of preserved specimens of (A) Albula argentea, (B) A. koreana, (C) A. oligolepis and (D) A. glossodonta. (A) KAUM–I. 80897, 293.5 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (B) KAUM–I. 1246, 250.1 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (C) NSMT-P 129038, 289.0 mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; (D) NSMT-P 102552, 273.5 mm SL, Okinawa, Japan. Bars indicate 2 mm.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 3. Preserved specimens of (A) Albula argentea, (B) A. glossodonta, (C) A. koreana and (D) A. oligolepis from Japan. (A) KAUM–I. 80897, 293.5 mm SL, Uchinoura Bay, Kagoshima; (B) NSMT-P 102552, 273.5 mm SL, Iriomote-jima Island, Okinawa; (C) KAUM–I. 1246, 250.1 mm SL, Kasasa, Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima; (D) NSMT-P 129038, 289.0 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Kagoshima.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 2. Fresh specimens of (A–C) Albula argentea, (D–F) A. koreana and (G–H) A. oligolepis. (A) KAUM–I. 9013, 265.4 mm SL, Kasasa, Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima, Japan; (B) KAUM–I. 50221, 365.2 mm SL, Tanega-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan; (C) KAUM–I. 60580, 472.0 mm SL, Tanega-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan; (D) NSMT-P 67748, 243.7 mm SL, Cat Ba Island, Vietnam; (E) KAUM–I. 125129, 246.9 mm SL, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (F) KAUM–I. 16854, 272.7 mm SL, Terengganu, Malaysia; (G) NSMT-P 129038, 289.2 mm SL, Amamioshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan; (H) KAUM–I. 50222, 373.4 mm SL, Tanega-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. Photos by KAUM (A–C, E, F, H) and NSMT (D, G).

Fig. 9 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 9. Relationships between (A) head length, (B) upper jaw length and (C) mandible length (all as % of SL) and SL (mm) in Albula argentea (red circles), A. koreana (green downward-triangles) and A. oligolepis (yellow upward-triangles).

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic Reassessment of Albula (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Japan and Adjacent Waters with Reliable Records of Albula argentea, A. koreana and A. oligolepis from Japan

Fig. 1. Fresh specimens of (A) Albula argentea, (B) A. koreana, (C) A. oligolepis and (D) A. glossodonta from Japan. (A) KAUM–I. 80897, 293.5 mm SL, Uchinoura Bay, Kagoshima; (B) KAUM–I. 1246, 250.1 mm SL, Kasasa, Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima; (C) NSMT-P 129038, 289.0 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Kagoshima; (D) NSMT-P 102552, 273.5 mm SL, Iriomote-jima Island, Okinawa. Photos by KAUM (A, B), NSMT (C) and H. Kishimoto (D).

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Text-fig. 7. Exbeckettia mastixioides (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. nov. Details of anatomy in transverse section on cut surfaces from bilocular fruit shown in Text-fig. 6i, V. 23013(3). a: Details of seed (S), locule (L), distinct endocarp planes of separation (arrows). b: Detail of endocarp adjacent to the locule, and surrounding mesocarp. Blue lines indicate thickness of sclerenchyma lining the locule. Note layer of horizontally oriented periclinal fibres a few cells thick, lining the locule (arrow). c: Enlargement showing parenchyma cells of the mesocarp decreasing in diameter toward the periphery. d: Enlargement showing fibres and sclereids of the endocarp. e: Sharp contact between endocarp and mesocarp. f, g: Detailed anatomy of endocarp including locule lining, and contact with mesocarp. Scale bars 2 mm in (a), (b), 1 mm in (c–g). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 7. Exbeckettia mastixioides (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. nov. Details of anatomy in transverse section on cut surfaces from bilocular fruit shown in Text-fig. 6i, V. 23013(3). a: Details of seed (S), locule (L), distinct endocarp planes of separation (arrows). b: Detail of endocarp adjacent to the locule, and surrounding mesocarp. Blue lines indicate thickness of sclerenchyma lining the locule. Note layer of horizontally oriented periclinal fibres a few cells thick, lining the locule (arrow). c: Enlargement showing parenchyma cells of the mesocarp decreasing in diameter toward the periphery. d: Enlargement showing fibres and sclereids of the endocarp. e: Sharp contact between endocarp and mesocarp. f, g: Detailed anatomy of endocarp including locule lining, and contact with mesocarp. Scale bars 2 mm in (a), (b), 1 mm in (c–g).

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Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o).

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Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils.

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Ecosystem engineers spill-over of biodiversity: beavers affect breeding bird assemblage on wetland, but also on adjacent terrestrial habitats

<p>Abundance of breeding bird species recorded on Eurasian beaver and reference sites in Poland (central Europe).</p>

Fig. 7 in Opisthobranch molluscs of «Cylichna occulta group» (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cylichnidae) from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters

Fig. 7. Cylichnoides scalptus: Kara Sea, 1948: radula (A–F), shell sculpture (G–J), (B–D – rachidian tooth, denticles of the internal lateral tooth, E – denticles of the internal lateral tooth, F – outer lateral teeth). Cylichnoides densistriatus (K, L): radula (K), shell sculpture (L). Scale bar: A – 100 µm; B – 40 µm; C, F, K – 50 µm; D – 30 µm; E – 10 µm; G – 500 µm; H, I, L – 200 µm; J – 400 µm.

Fig. 6 in Opisthobranch molluscs of «Cylichna occulta group» (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cylichnidae) from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters

Fig. 6. Cylichnoides scalptus, shell: Kara Sea, «Fyodor Litke», station 183 (A–E); Barents Sea, R/V «Persey», station 862 (F, G) and station 866 (H) (ventral view: A – 10.2 mm, B – 9.9 mm, C – 9.5 mm, D – 5.3 mm, F – 5.0 mm, H – 10 mm; apical view: E, G). Cylichnoides densistriatus, shell: Kotelny Isl., New Siberian Islands, 1903 (I, J); Laptev Sea, Kondrat'evsky Il., 1973 (K, L), ventral view (I – 5.6 mm, L – 4 mm), apical view (J, K). Scale bar: E, G, J, K – 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4 in Opisthobranch molluscs of «Cylichna occulta group» (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cylichnidae) from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters

Fig. 4. Cylichnoides occultus, shell: Chukchi Sea, Wrangel Isl., «Fyodor Litke», station 44 (A – 8.5 mm, ventral view); Wrangel Isl., Rodzhers Bay, station 4 (8.0 mm – B, 7.0 mm – C, ventral view); Greenland, identified previously as Cylichna insculpta (=Cylichna reinhardti) (8.0 mm – E, 6.5 mm – F); «Vega» expedition, 1876 (H – 4.0 mm, G – 5.0 mm, ventral view and D – apical view); Frantz Joseph Land (I – 7.2 mm, ventral view and J – apical view); K, L – Chukchi Sea, De Long Strait (K – apical view and L – 8.0 mm, ventral view); Cylichnoides sp. 1: «Fyodor Litke», station 44, Chukchi Sea, Wrangel Isl. (M – 7.8 mm).

Fig. 2 in Opisthobranch molluscs of «Cylichna occulta group» (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cylichnidae) from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters

Fig. 2. Cylichnoides validus: radula (K), lateral teeth (A, B, D) and rachidian teeth (C, E, F, I); gizzard plate (J); shell sculpture (G, H); penis (L). A, I – Laptev sea, «Sadko», station 21; D, E, G, J – Chukchi sea, «Fyodor Litke», station 55; B, C, F, H, K – Chukchi sea, «Fyodor Litke», station 54; L – «Vega» expedition. Abbreviations: a – atrium, a.pr – additional prostate, pr – prostate, p.s – penial sheath. Scale bar: A, C, D, J – 50 µm; B, K – 100 µm; G, H – 200 µm; I – 40 µm; E, F – 10 µm; L – 0.5 mm.

Fig. 1 in Opisthobranch molluscs of «Cylichna occulta group» (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cylichnidae) from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters

Fig. 1. Cylichnoides validus, shell: syntypes of Cylichna insculpta var. valida, SMNH, ventral view (A, B); «Vega» expedition, 1878, no data, 7.5 mm, (ventral view – D); R/V «Persey», Barents Sea, station 150, 8.5 mm (ventral view – H); Chukchi Sea, «Rusalka»-2009, station 119 (apical view (C) and ventral view (E – 5 mm; F – 4 mm; G – 7 mm)); R/V «Ivan Kireev», station 9/42, Laptev Sea, ventral view, 7.5 mm (I); «Fyodor Litke», Chukchi Sea, station 54, ventral view, 9 mm (J); «Krasin», Chukchi Sea, station 44, ventral view, 7.8 mm (K); «Sadko», Laptev Sea, station 21, identified by G.P. Gorbunov as Cylichna insculpta, ventral view, 8.5 mm (L). Scale bar: C – 2 mm.

Fig. 3 in Opisthobranch molluscs of «Cylichna occulta group» (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Cylichnidae) from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters

Fig. 3. Male copulatory system: Cylichnoides scalptus, Laptev Sea (A); Cylichnoides densistriatus, Russian Polar Expedition 1901–1903, no data (B); Cylichnoides occultus, Novaya Zemlya, Matochkin Strait (C); Cylichnoides validus, Laptev Sea (D) and Chukchi Sea, «Vega» expedition (dorsal view (E), ventral view (F)). Abbreviations: m – muscle fibers, p.f – folds of penial sheath, others like to Fig. 2. Scale bar: A, D–F – 1 mm; B, C – 0.5 mm.