Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

Fig. 7 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand

Fig. 7. Monthly variation in Equitability (J) of Diptera assemblages during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Only points linking data from elevation zones 2,000–2,500 m and>2,500 m are connected by lines. Equitability declines profoundly at higher elevations between September and November indicating a decline in evenness of Diptera assemblages with corresponding prevalence of a number of relatively abundant species compared with other times of year and other elevations.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

Fig. 5 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand

Fig. 5. Spatiotemporal variation in abundance and species richness of Diptera and Auchenorrhyncha trapped over 12 months sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. The left panel shows Relative Abundance, A* (number of individuals caught. trap-1. month-1) as log (1+A*) for Diptera (A) and Auchenorryncha (C). The right panel shows observed species richness, S, for Diptera (B) 10 obs and Auchenorryncha (D). Data were plotted on a grid of elevation zone (vertical axis) and months (horizontal axis) and mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of log10(1+A*) and Sobs are indicated by the colour scale bars. Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Surface elevation (2012-2020) and ice thickness (2014-2020) datasets measured at Artesonraju Glacier, Cordillera Blanca, Perú

We present a set of data of interpreted ice thickness and ice surface elevation of Artesonraju glacier. The ice thickness was obtained by means of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) which was measured by Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña (INAIGEM) and Autoridad Nacional de Agua (ANA). The years of ice thickness records include 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2020. On the other hand, the surface elevation points were obtained by means of automated total stations and mass balance stakes, integrally measured by ANA. The years of measurements are 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results from GPR data show a maximum depth of 235±18 m and a decreasing mean depth of ranging from 134±18 m in 2013 to 110±18 m in 2020. Additionally, we estimate a mean ice thickness change rate of 4.2±3.2 m yr-1 between 2012 and 2020 with GPR data alone, which is in agreement with the elevation change in the same period. The latter was estimated with the more accurate surface elevation data, yielding a change rate of -3.2±0.2 m yr-1, and hence, confirming a negative glacier mass balance. The datasets can be valuable for further analysis when combined with other data types, and as input for glacier dynamics modeling, ice volume estimations, and GLOF risk assessment.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Orthomosaics and digital elevation model of the 'Bear Trap' - a Norse ruin in Northwest Greenland

This dataset consists of a digital elevation model (DEM) and an orthomosaic of the ‘Bear Trap’ (also called ‘Bjørnefælden’ in Danish, and ‘Putdlagssuaq’ or ‘The Great Trap’ Greenlandic Kalaallisut), a Norse ruin at the western end of the Nuussuaq Peninsula in NW Greenland. Images comprise 1032 low-altitude aerial images acquired from an unoccupied aerial vehicle (DJI Phantom 3 Standard). These images were processed using Agisoft Metashape Pro (v1.7; Linux Ubuntu) following the USGS protocols for processing imagery in coastal areas. The locations of 8 ground control points (GCPs) were surveyed with a high accuracy global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver (Emlid Reach). The base station and rover data were processed using the Emlid distribution of the free RTKLib software (<a href="https://docs.emlid.com/reach/common/tutorials/gps-post-processing/">https://docs.emlid.com/reach/common/tutorials/gps-post-processing/</a>). Geoid height was computed using the online UNAVCO Geoid Height Calculator (<a href="https://www.unavco.org/software/geodetic-utilities/geoid-height-calculator/geoid-height-calculator.html">https://www.unavco.org/software/geodetic-utilities/geoid-height-calculator/geoid-height-calculator.html</a>). During the image alignment step in Metashape, the ‘High’ accuracy setting and key point and tie point limits of 60000 and 0 were used. Generic and reference preselection were not used. Gradual selection was used to remove tie points that exceeded thresholds for the projection accuracy, reconstruction uncertainty, and reprojection error and the intrinsic camera parameters were computed for each camera calibration group. GCPs were then imported and placed in each image. The dense point cloud was then computed using the ‘Ultra High’ quality setting, followed by the DEM and orthomosaic. The resolution of the orthomosaic is 1.83 cm/pixel. 5 cm resolution orthomosaic and DEM were also exported for use in QGIS.    A complete file list is provided in the README file that accompanies this dataset.   The image survey was conducted as part of the Vaigat Iceberg-Microbial Oil Degradation and Archaeological Heritage Investigation (VIMOA) project, which was funded by the Danish Centre for Marine Research and supported by the Arctic Research Centre at Aarhus University, in affiliation with the National Museum of Denmark, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, and The Greenland National Museum and Archives in Nuuk. Proper archaeological permits for the survey were obtained in advance from the Greenland National Museum and Archives in Nuuk. Walsh et al. (2020) provide an overview of the archaeological surveys conducted during the VIMOA project and Walsh et al. (in prep) provide further details specific to The Bear Trap and surrounding archaeological contexts observed during the 2019 survey. Walsh et al. (2020) The VIMOA project and archaeological heritage in the Nuussuaq Peninsula of north-west Greenland. Antiquity 94:e6 doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.230 Walsh, Matthew J., Daniel F. Carlson, Pelle Tejsner, and Steffen Thomsen. The Bear Trap: Reinvestigating a unique stone structure on the northwest tip of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, Greenland. Submitted to Arctic Anthropology.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Resources and seasonality drive the composition of mixed-species bird flocks along an elevational gradient in the Himalaya

Mixed-species bird flocks are cohesive networks of interacting insectivorous bird species that benefit from reduced predation risk and/or enhanced resource access. We studied how species' propensity to participate in mixed flocks, and the number and strength of interspecific associations within flocks, changed along elevational (low, mid, high) and seasonal (winter, spring) gradients in the western Himalaya. We expected species to have high propensities, and greater number and strength of interspecific associations when resources are scarce, and to decline when resources are abundant. We first used species occurrence within and outside mixed flocks to calculate species-specific flocking propensity and then performed network analyses to quantify the proportion of realized interspecific associations (network density) and their strength (weighted degree), using an abundance-based null model to control flocking species' availability. Further, we quantified arthropod prey availability in winter by using a branch bagging technique. Insect availability and arthropod diversity decreased with increasing elevation in winter and species' flocking propensities, network densities and weighted degrees increased with elevation, possibly to benefit from facilitative interactions that increase foraging success. In spring, as more resources become available and/or bird start investing more time in breeding, flocking propensities, network densities and species' weighted degrees declined at all elevations when compared with winter. During resource-scarce periods, species might find solitary foraging prohibitive because of reduced resource access and costs of vigilance therefore leading to the formation of networks of facilitative associations.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

High thermal tolerance in high elevation species and laboratory-reared colonies of tropical bumble bees

Bumble bees are key pollinators with some species reared in captivity at a commercial scale, but with significant evidence of population declines and with alarming predictions of substantial impacts under climate change scenarios. While studies on the thermal biology of temperate bumble bees are still limited, they are entirely absent from the tropics where the effects of climate change are expected to be greater. Herein we test if bees' thermal tolerance decreases with elevation and if the stable optimal conditions used in laboratory-reared colonies reduces their thermal tolerance. We assessed changes in the lower (CTMin) and upper (CTMax) critical thermal limits of four species at two elevations (2600 and 3600 m) in the Colombian Andes, examined the effect of body size, and evaluated the thermal tolerance of wild caught and laboratory-reared individuals of B. pauloensis. We also compiled information on bumble bees' thermal limits and assessed potential predictors for broad-scale patterns. We found that CTMin decreased with increasing elevation while CTMax was similar between elevations. CTMax was slightly higher (0.84 °C) in laboratory-reared than in wild-caught bees while CTMin was similar, and CTMin decreased with increasing body size while CTMax did not. Latitude is a good predictor for CTMin only while annual mean temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures of the warmest and coldest months are good predictors for both CTMin and CTMax. The stronger response in CTMin with increasing elevation, and similar CTMax, supports Brett's heat-invariant hypothesis, which has been documented in other taxa. Andean bumble bees appear to be about as heat tolerant as those from temperate areas, suggesting that other aspects besides temperature (e.g., water balance) might be more determinant environmental factors for these species. Laboratory-reared colonies are adequate surrogates for addressing questions on thermal tolerance and global warming impacts.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

DATASETS FOR: A keystone avian predator faces elevated energy expenditure in a warming Arctic

Here, we provide two datasets from a study in which we used triaxial accelerometers (Axy 4, Technosmart, 3g) to collect detailed behavioral records from little auks (Alle alle) at Ukaleqarteq (UK), East Greenland (70°44′N, 21°35′W) and Hornsund (HS) (77°00′N, 15°33′E; Svalbard archipelago), during the chick rearing period. We used this data to compile time activity budgets, from which we estimated daily energy expenditure (DEE). Data spans five years (2017-2021) at UK and two years at HS (2020, 2021). We assessed whether variation in DEE was affected by variability in climate change-sensitive environmental variables that affect availability of the little auk’s resource base of cold water zooplankton, that is sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice coverage (SIC). SIC was only used for UK, since there was no appreciable sea ice at HS, which experiences higher average SST than UK. We also obtained small ~0.2-0.5 ml blood samples from the brachial veins of focal individuals to measure contamination from a potent chemical contaminant, mercury (Hg). We assessed the hypothesis that DEE is forced upward by challenging foraging conditions, but may be limited at some point due to energetic thresholds. We also assessed whether Hg contamination levels modified patterns of energy expenditure.      In addition, to further examine the relationship that emerged between DEE and SST, we compiled a dataset of 12 site-year observations of average DEE of breeding little auks using data from Gabrielsen et al. (1991) (n = 13), Grémillet et al. (2012) (n = 70) and the present study. This dataset spanned 35 years (1986-2021) and 3 sites (UK, HS, and Kongsfjorden, KF). KF is another breeding colony of little auks on Svalbard that experiences even warmer SST than HS.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Effects of exogenous elevation of corticosterone on immunity and the skin microbiome of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens): Data & R scripts

The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) threatens salamander biodiversity. The factors underlying Bsal susceptibility may include glucocorticoid hormones (GCs). The effects of GCs on immunity and disease susceptibility are well studied in mammals, but less is known in other groups, including salamanders. We used Notophthalmus viridescens (Eastern Newts) to test the hypothesis that GCs modulate salamander immunity. We first determined the dose required to elevate corticosterone (CORT; primary GC in amphibians) to physiologically relevant levels. We then measured immunity (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios, plasma bacterial killing ability [BKA], skin microbiome, splenocytes, melanomacrophage centers [MMCs]) and overall health in newts following treatment with CORT or an oil vehicle control. Treatments were repeated for a short (2 treatments over 5 days) or long (18 treatments over 26 days) time period. Contrary to our predictions, most immune and health parameters were similar for CORT and oil-treated newts. Surprisingly, differences in BKA, skin microbiome, and MMCs were observed between newts subjected to short and long-term treatments, regardless of treatment type (CORT, oil vehicle). Taken together, CORT does not appear to be a major factor contributing to immunity in Eastern Newts, although more studies examining additional immune factors are necessary.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Deep margin elevation – present status and future directions

BibTex database file, containing the records identified in the electronic search, and the datasets generated and analyzed in this article on deep margin elevation. Information on the risk of bias of included studies is presented in supplementary tables (Tables S1-S38 and Questionnaire SQ1). The ROBFEAD, MINORS, RoBDEMAT, and AMSTAR tools were used for in silico studies, clinical studies, in vitro studies, and reviews respectively. The CASP qualitative research checklist was used for healthcare survey studies.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, precipitation, temperature and surface area along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands

This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, precipitation, temperature and surface area of the elevational belt recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen to carbon ratio,  leaf dry matter content (LDMC), sodium, potassium and magnesium. The environmental variables measured are total precipitation of the growing season, mean temperature of the growing season and surface area of the elevation belt. This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (in press). Mechanisms behind elevational plant species richness patterns revealed by a trait-based approach. Journal of Vegetation Science.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Transgenerational plasticity in a zooplankton in response to elevated temperature and parasitism

Organisms are increasingly facing multiple stressors, which can simultaneously interact to cause unpredictable impacts compared to a single stressor alone. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can allow for rapid responses to altered environments, including biotic and abiotic stressors, both within a generation and across generations (transgenerational plasticity). Parents can potentially 'prime' their offspring to better cope with similar stressors, or, alternatively, might produce offspring that are less fit because of energetic constraints. At present, it remains unclear exactly how biotic and abiotic stressors jointly mediate the responses of transgenerational plasticity, and whether this plasticity is adaptive. Here we test the effects of biotic and abiotic environmental changes on within- and trans-generational plasticity using a Daphnia-Metschnikowia zooplankton-fungal parasite system. By exposing parents and their offspring consecutively to the single and combined effects of elevated temperature and parasite infection, we showed that transgenerational plasticity induced by temperature and parasite stress influenced host fecundity and lifespan; offspring of mothers that were exposed to one of the stressors were better able to tolerate elevated temperature, compared to offspring of mothers that were exposed to neither or both stressors. Yet the negative effects caused by parasite infection were much stronger, and this greater reduction in host fitness was not mitigated by transgenerational plasticity. We also showed that elevated temperature led to a lower average immune response and that the relationship between immune response and lifetime fecundity reversed under elevated temperature: the daughters of exposed mothers showed decreased fecundity with increased hemocyte production at ambient temperature, but the opposite relationship at elevated temperature. Together, our results highlight the need to address questions at the interface of multiple stressors and transgenerational plasticity, and the importance of considering multiple fitness-associated traits when evaluating the adaptive value of transgenerational plasticity under changing environments.

Elevated Static Exposure Experiment Images

Cross-sections of specimens exposed to various liquid metal droplets at 400°C for 3 days. File names indicate the liquid metal used first, followed by the metal or alloy tested. File names that include 'saturated' used liquid bismuth that had been pre-saturated with copper to the solubility limit at the test temperature. Scale bars are provided on each image.

Digital elevation models, ortho images and outlines of Yala Glacier, Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya

Datasets related to article "Up-glacier propagation of surface lowering of Yala Glacier, Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya". The data includes three digital elevation models (DEM), two ortho images and five outlines of Yala Glacier between 1981 and 2015.    Description of files: 1) DEM and ortho image - 1981Yala_dem_20_-10_bias_cor.tif: 10 m resolution digital elevation model derived from a map that was generated using ground phogogrammetry images that were acquired in 1981 (Yokoyama, 1984; Fujita and Nuimura). - 2007Yala_dem_0_-4_bias_cor.tif: 2 m resolution digital elevation model derived from 14 oblique photographs that were acquired by a private jet with handheld cameras in 2007. - 2007Yala_ortho.tif: an ortho images derived by the same data in 2007. - 2015Yala_dem_0_0_bias_cor.tif: 1 m resolution digital elevation model derived from 519 photographs that were acquired by a UAV-based photogrammetric survey in 2015. - 2015Yala_ortho.tif: an ortho images derived by the same data in 2015. 2) Glacier boundary (shapefile Files) - Yala_area_1981:  - Yala_area_2007: - Yala_area_2009: - Yala_area_2012: - Yala_area_2015: Please see the related journal article for details on datasets. Sunako, S., Fujita, K., Izumi, T., Yamaguchi, S., Sakai, A., & Kayastha, R. (2023). Up-glacier propagation of surface lowering of Yala Glacier, Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Glaciology, 69(274), 425-432. doi:10.1017/jog.2022.118

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

INCA-CH seamless nowcasting system: 1km digital elevation model

Digital elevation model at 1km horizontal resolution used in the INCA-CH seamless nowcasting system (in Swiss coordinates CH03). For INCA-CH parameters see here: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6470725">INCA-CH set of data</a>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Rates of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes, denitrification-derived N2O and N2 fluxes and nitrification-derived N2O fluxes from salt marsh soils in Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S. under ambient and elevated temperature and nutrient loading.

Dataset used in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=oa_20231214&utm_content=10.1007/s10533-023-01104-0#citeas">Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N2O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates</a>. The dataset contains fluxes calculated from headspace gas samples taken over a 24 hour period from intact soil cores, as well as corresponding environmental data. Intact soil cores (0-15 cm depth, 2.5 cm diameter) were taken at five sampling locations along a 20 m transect using a soil auger or piston corer. Samples were collected along a transect in four marsh sites in Quebec, Canada (La Pocatière: 47°22'24.7"N 70°03'26.3"W) and Louisiana, U.S. (Barataria Basin: 29°33'47.3"N 90°04'22.8"W and 29°29'52.2"N 89°55'00.2"W) from two vegetation types (Sporobolus alterniflorus formerly known as Spartina alterniflora and Sporobolus pumilus formerly known as Spartina patens). In Quebec, the two vegetation zones were in the same marsh whereas in Louisiana two separate marshes, dominated by the relevant vegetation, were chosen. Soil samples were collected on the 20-21st July 2021 from Louisiana and the 9-10th August 2021 from Quebec. Environmental data was collected including in-situ soil temperature and salinity, and gravimetric soil moisture, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil soluble reactive phosphate, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil d13C and soil d15N determined from additional 0-15 cm core samples. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1). Stable 15N tracers were added to the intact soil cores so that at each location, at each treatment level (ambient and elevated, described below), there was one core receiving no tracer for greenhouse gas fluxes, one core receiving 15N-NO3‑ for denitrification rates and one core receiving 15N-NH4+ for nitrification rates. The cores were incubated at ambient temperature (16 ℃ and 28.1 ℃ for Quebec and Louisiana, respectively) and nutrient concentrations (3.2 NO3-, 2.0 NH4+; 2.9 NO3-, 2.5 NH4+; 0.5 NO3-, 7.3 NH4+ and 5.7 NO3-, 2.8 NH4+ mg g wet soil-1 for Quebec S. alterniflorus, Quebec S. pumilus, Louisiana S. alterniflorus and Louisiana S. pumilus, respectively), and elevated temperature (ambient temperature +5 ℃) and nutrient concentration (double ambient concentration). Gas samples were collected from the headspace of 0-15 cm intact cores in a 20 cm high PVC pipe, capped at the top and bottom to create a 5 cm headspace. Gas samples were analysed for greenhouse gases (GHGs: N2O, CH4, CO2) and 15N in denitrification-derived N2O, denitrification-derived N2 and nitrification-derived N2O. Soil temperature (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA) and porewater salinity (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or portable ATC refractometer) were measured in-situ or in the laboratory using the portable refactometer. Additional soil samples were used for multiple analyses; one subsample was extracted with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) for DOC and TDN analysis, one subsample was extracted with 2M KCl for NO3- and NH4+, one subsample was extracted with Olsen-P solution (0.5 M NaHCO3, pH 8.5), for soluble reactive phosphate analysis and one subsample was weighed and dried for soil moisture and then finely ground and analysed for total carbon, total nitrogen, d13C and d15N. N2O, CH4 and CO2 concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a PAL3 autosampler (Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies Ltd, USA) fitted with a flame ionisation detector (FID) for CH4 analysis and a micro electron capture detector (mECD) for N2O analysis. CO2 was methanised to CH4 before analysis on the FID. The instrument precision as the relative standard deviation was < 5 % for all of the gases, while the minimum detectable concentration difference (MDCD) was 9 ppb N2O, 72 ppb CH4 and 31 ppm CO2. Potential GHG fluxes were calculated from the linear portion or where the highest production was observed in the concentration-time series ( https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2436). If fluxes were below the MDCD they were set to zero see (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783). The 15N content of the N2 and N2O was determined using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with a trace-gas pre-concentrator inlet with autosampler (isoFLOW GHG; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany), with a standard deviation of d15N < 0.05 %. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 MΩ, 7:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn + TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with 50 mg C l-1 and 10 mg l-1 standards resulting in accuracy and precision of 0.3 and ±0.3 mg C l-1, and 0.5 and ±0.3 mg N l-1, respectively. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) and ammonium were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298">https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298</a>) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of ±5 %. Extractable phosphate was analysed in soil extractant (Olsen-P solution 0.5M NaHCO3, pH 8.5, 10:1 of extractant to dry soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Jeannotte et al., 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0760-4) with a limit of detection of 1 mg P l-1 and accuracy of ±6 %. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, d13C and d15N analysis was performed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with an elemental analyser (EA) inlet (vario PYRO cube; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The precision was < 5 % for both C and N and the precision as a standard deviation was < 0.06 % for both d13C and d15N. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Elevated urine BMP phospholipids in LRRK2 and VPS35 mutation carriers with and without Parkinson's disease

Participant demographic and clinical characteristics, and urine BMP phospholipid levels.  For each participant, sample collection site is provided as: BCN (Barcelona), VIE (Vienna), DND (Dundee), or SSB (San Sebastian). Also provided are age at study participation, age at PD diagnosis (where applicable), sex (M, for male, and F, for female), experimental group (control, iPD –idiopathic PD –, LRRK2 G2019S, LRRK2 R1441G/C, VPS35 D620N, GBA, or other), and PD status (NMC for non-manifesting mutation carriers, or PD). Values for all measured BMP species presented as ng of BMP per mg of creatinine are provided. Additionally, urine creatinine (mg/ml) and non-normalized BMP levels are provided. BQL designates BMP levels that were below quantification level and NM designates values that were not measured for a particular individual.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Spatiotemporal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and stream water in a high elevation tropical catchment in the Central Andes of Colombia

Stable isotopes data set for the manuscript "Spatio-temporal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and stream water of a high elevation tropical catchment in the Central Andes of Colombia". Data also used by Andrés Tangarife-Escobar for the thesis "Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of stable isotopes and their driving factors in the Upper Claro River Basin, Colombian Andes" to obtain the title of MSc in "Tropical Hydrogeology and Environmental Engineering" at the Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany) in 2019.  Samples collected by Jorge Ceballos from IDEAM (Colombia) and analyzed by the Servicio Geologico Colombiano.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Various seasonal pattern and mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along elevations in the Hengduan Mountains

Soil nitrogen (N) transformation, a key microbial process in global N cycling, is thought to alter soil N availability and subsequently regulate ecosystem functioning. In particular, the gross rates of N transformation can provide a deeper understanding of internal N dynamics and mechanisms, but questions of whether gross N transformation processes and their underlying drivers change with seasons and elevations remain large uncertain. Based on field collection along an elevational gradient and laboratory incubation experiments, we investigated the seasonal processes of soil N mineralization and nitrification with 15N isotope dilution technique, and also explored the potential mechanisms involved in the Hengduan Mountains. Unimodal soil gross/net mineralization rates were higher in the wet season (61.32 mg kg-1 d-1; 1.01 mg kg-1 d-1; respectively) than in the dry season (10.88 mg kg-1 d-1; 0.55 mg kg-1 d-1; respectively) (P < 0.001), with a peak at medium elevation. Soil gross/net nitrification rates were lower in the wet season (1.43 mg kg-1 d-1; -0.017 mg kg-1 d-1) than in the dry season (2.49 mg kg-1 d-1; 0.004 mg kg-1 d-1; respectively) (P < 0.001), which increased with increasing elevation. The results detected the dominant drivers of the gross transformation rates, specifically microbial attributes occupied crucial roles in controlling the gross mineralization/nitrification in the wet season, and soil physicochemical properties were dominant controllers on the gross mineralization/nitrification during the dry season. This study revealed the divergent patterns and drivers of N transformation, suggesting that seasonal N cycling should no longer be overlooked if we are to predict N biogeochemical cycles in response to environmental change accurately.

Fig. 1. A in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 1. A, map of Sulawesi with the study area framed in red as shown on the detail map (B) of the Napu and Bada Valleys; B, the symbols show the sampling locations of Caridina clandestina, new species (black circles), C. sulawesi Cai & Ng, 2009 (white circles), C. parvidentata J. Roux, 1904 (square), and C. villadolidi Blanco, 1939 (diamond).

Fig. 4. A in Caridina clandestina, new species, an unusual new freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the remote high elevation Napu Valley of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fig. 4. A, Lariang River, natural habitat of Caridina clandestina, new species; B, colouration of living specimen; C, specimen with chelae adapted for filter feeding.