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Figure 2-1 in Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in northern Vietnam, Part III: seven new species and four newly recorded species

Figure 2-1. Head. (A) Promalactis acanthiana sp. nov.; (B) Promalactis albinparata sp. nov.; (C) Promalactis asperiola sp. nov.; (D) Promalactis basifasciaria; (E) Promalactis caperatiella sp. nov.; (F) Promalactis curtifasciata sp. nov.

Figure 1-3 in Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in northern Vietnam, Part III: seven new species and four newly recorded species

Figure 1-3. Adult. (Q) Promalactis reniformis; (R) Promalactis reniformis, wing pattern; (S) Promalactis tauricournis; (T) Promalactis tauricournis, wing pattern; (U) Promalactis tricuspidata; (V) Promalactis tricuspidata, wing pattern.

Figure 1-2 in Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in northern Vietnam, Part III: seven new species and four newly recorded species

Figure 1-2. Adult. (I) Promalactis caperatiella sp. nov.; (J) Promalactis caperatiella sp. nov., wing pattern; (K) Promalactis curtifascia sp. nov.; (L) Promalactis curtifascia sp. nov., wing pattern; (M) Promalactis gigaspina sp. nov.; (N) Promalactis gigaspina sp. nov., wing pattern; (O) Promalactis kalimantana; (P) Promalactis kalimantana, wing pattern.

Figure 1-1 in Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in northern Vietnam, Part III: seven new species and four newly recorded species

Figure 1-1. Adult. (A) Promalactis acanthiana sp. nov.; (B) Promalactis acanthiana sp. nov., wing pattern; (C) Promalactis albinparata sp. nov.; (D) Promalactis albinparata sp. nov., wing pattern; (E) Promalactis asperiola sp. nov.; (F) Promalactis asperiola, wing pattern; (G) Promalactis. basifasciaria; (H) Promalactis. basifasciaria, wing pattern.

Figure 2-2 in Genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in northern Vietnam, Part III: seven new species and four newly recorded species

Figure 2-2. Head. (G) Promalactis gigaspinata sp. nov.; (H) Promalactis kalimantana; (I) Promalactis reniformis; (J) Promalactis tauricournis; (K) Promalactis tricuspidata sp. nov.

Figure 6 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 6. Relative warps analysis (RWA) of 13 dorsal cranial landmarks from 22 individuals of R. hildebrandtii s.l. belonging to two molecular clades and two lineages of Clade 1 (see Fig. 3). Revised taxon names are provided in parentheses (see Taxonomic Conclusions). Skulls which were included in this analysis are indicated in Table S1. Symbols as in Fig. 5. Thin plate splines (grids) show landmark distortions represented by extremes of variation on RW1 (left = negative; right = positive) and RW2 (bottom = negative; top = positive) axes. The two skull photographs at the bottom are of actual specimens representing the negative (left: TM 41997ı smithersi from Pafuri) and positive (right: DM 11560ı cohenae from Mayoı Mpumalanga Province) extremes of variation on RW1. Landmark positions (filled circles) are shown in the photograph in the centre. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g006

Figure 9 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 9. Dorsal (D), ventral (V) and lateral (L) view of bacula (tips on right) from four individuals (a–d) from Mpumalanga (Clade 1a = cohenae sp. nov.), two (e–f) from lowland sites in Mozambique (Clade 2 = mossambicus sp. nov.) and one (g) from Mt Mabu in Mozambique (Clade 1b = mabuensis sp. nov.). a = DM 11558 (Sudwala); b = DM 11620 (Barberton Tunnel; Topotype of cohenae); c = DM 11560 (Mayo); d = DM 11618 (Barberton Tunnel); e = DM 8580 (Gorongosa); f = DM 8578 (Niassa GR; Holotype of mossambicus); g = DM 10842 (Mt Mabu; Holotype of mabuensis). Bacula of Clade 1a (cohenae sp. nov.) have spatulate tip (rounded in Clades 2 (mossambicus sp. nov.) and 1b (mabuensis sp. nov.))ı typically emarginated basal portion (less so in Clades 2 and 1b) and shaft laterally compressed (cylindrical in Clades 2 and 1b) and sloping downwards in lateral view (horizontal in Clades 2 and 1b). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g009

Figure 5 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 5. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) (a) of 10 cranial variables in five groups of the Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex defined by molecular analysis; and PCA (b) of five cranial variables for sample in (a) with type series of hildebrandtii (''H¹'') and eloquens (''E¹'') added. Open circles = Clade 1a (= cohenae sp. nov.); closed circles = Clade 1b (= mabuensis sp. nov.); shaded circles = Clade 1d (= smithersi sp. nov.; Pafuri); asterisk enclosed in circle = Clade 1e (= smithersi sp. nov.; Zimbabwe); open squares = Clade 2 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Mozambique); shaded squares = Clade 2 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Lutopeı Zimbabwe); open diamonds = R. eloquens type series (Clade 3); crosses in circles = R. hildebrandtii type and co-type (Clade 1c). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g005

Figure 1 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 1. Portraits of (a) Rhinolophus smithersi species novo, and (b) Rhinolophus mossambicus species novo, two of four new cryptic species described herein within the R. hildebrandtii complex. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g001

Figure 4 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 4. Morphometric variation in a series representing the R. hildebrandtii complex from Lutope-Ngolangola, Zimbabwe: a) biplot of forearm length versus noseleaf width and b) PCA of five craniometric variables (M3M3, CM3, IOC, NW, NH) in 26 individuals of known (37 or 46 kHz) and unknown (?) frequency. Females indicated by open circlesı males by closed circles or crosses or asterisk. Voucher specimens for molecular sequencing study indicated by asterisk (Clade 1e: = smithersii sp. nov.; see Taxonomic Conclusions) and crosses (Clade 2: = mossambicus sp. nov.; see Taxonomic Conclusions). Hereafterı all individuals with a frequency of 37 kHz were assumed to belong to Clade 2 (mossambicus sp. nov.) and the 46 kHz individual was assumed to belong to Clade 1e (smithersi sp. nov.). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g004

Figure 3. Consensus tree for the cytochrome b in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 3. Consensus tree for the cytochrome b dataset for representative genotyped specimens of the Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex. The topology represents the consensus topology from a 20 million MCMC run implemented in BEAST. Estimates of divergence times (million years ago; Mya) are indicated adjacent to nodes or above branches and grey bars indicate 95% HPD values. The split between the Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae was used as the calibration point. Taxa names include museum/field numbers which correspond to Appendix S1 or GenBank accession numbers and abbreviations are: RcfH - R. cf. hildebrandtiiı RD - R. darlingiı RE - R. eloquensı RF - R. fumigatusı RH - R. hildebrandtii s.l.ı RL - R. landeri and RR - R. ruwenzorii. Localitiesı where availableı are providedı abbreviations include SA - South Africaı MZ - Mozambiqueı and ZW - Zimbabweı and the numbers in parentheses correspond with place names in Table S1 and Fig. 2 for Clade 1 and 2 individuals. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g003

Figure 7 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 7. Relative warps analysis (RWA) of 12 lateral cranial landmarks from 23 individuals of R. hildebrandtii s.l. belonging to two molecular clades and two lineages of Clade 1 (see Fig. 3). Revised taxon names are provided in parentheses (see Taxonomic Conclusions). Skulls which were included in this analysis are indicated in Table S1. Symbols as is in Fig. 5. Thin plate splines (grids) show landmark distortions represented by extremes of variation on RW1 (left = negative; right = positive) and RW2 (bottom = negative; top = positive) axes. The two skull photographs at the bottom are of actual specimens representing the negative (left: DM 8577ı mossambicus from Namapaı Mozambique) and positive (right: DM 11560ı cohenae from Mayoı Mpumalanga Province) extremes of variation on RW1. Landmark positions (filled circles) are shown in the photograph in the centre. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g007

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Alternate Results Dataset in Comparative Study of Four Scenarios Measuring Visual Pollution in Intramuros, Manila

<p>Alternate results dataset tabulated in all the methods and procedures done in the study 'Comparative Study of Four Scenarios Measuring Visual Pollution in Intramuros, Manila'.</p>

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Figure 1 in Lasalleistichus a new genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical regionı including four new species

Figure 1. (a) Lasalleistichus albiclava, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (b) L. albifasciatus, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (c–e) L. albiclava ♀: (c) paratype head frontal; (d) paratype fore wing; (e) holotype habitus dorsal. (f) L. albifasciatus, ♀ holotype habitus dorsal. Scales: (a–b, e–f) 1 mm; (c–d) 0.5 mm.

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Figure 3 in Lasalleistichus a new genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical regionı including four new species

Figure 3. (a) Palmistichus ixtlilxochitli, ♀ nontype habitus lateral. (b) Agmostigma frontale, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (c) Lasalleistichus albiclava, ♂ paratype head lateral. (d) L. longicaulis, ♀ holotype habitus dorsal. Scales: (a–b, d) 1 mm; (c) 0.5 mm.

Figure 98‒99 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figure 98‒99. Distribution maps of cave-adapted diplurans in Asia: Campodeinae Condé, 1956 (red circles), Plusiocampinae Paclt, 1957 (black circles), Lepidocampinae Condé, 1956 (brown circles), Japygidae Haliday, 1864 (red squares). In yellow: karst areas (source: Chen et al. 2017). In orange: deserts (source: Olson & Dinerstein 2002). In violet, encircled by discontinued line: hypogean karst systems (source: Klimchouk 2007). 98. In blue: ice cover and permafrost extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (sources: Ehlers et al. 2011; Lindgren et al. 2016). 99. In blue: areas covered with either continuous or patched permafrost at present (source: Brown et al. 2002).

Figs 92‒97 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 92‒97. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 92. Urite X and cerci, ventral side. 93. Proximal and ventral side of the cerci. 94. Ventral proximal portion of the left cercus. 95. Ventral proximal portion of the right cercus. 96. Conical sensillum of the cerci. 97. Cerci, caudal view. See Material and methods for terminology.

Figs 80‒85 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 80‒85. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. female. 80. First urosternite. 81. Lateral posterior of the first urosternite. 82. Detail of the lateral coxal organ with glandular setae (GS) and setiform setae (SS). 83. Median glandular organ (ss: setae-shaped sensilla). 84. Detail of the large socket setae (lss) of the lateral coxal organ. 85. Detail of the cuticle of the first urosternite.

Figs 75‒79 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 75‒79. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 75. Head, prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax, ventral view (paratype, MZB (MCNB) 2020-1157). 76. Head anterior ventral side, (ad) admentum, (el) external lobule, (lp) labial palp, and (sm) submentum. 77. Pro-prosternum (pr-prt) with spine (sp) and anterior portion of prosternum (pr-st). 78. Meso-poststernum (ms-pst), meso-intersternum (ms-ist), and mesosternum (ms-st). 79. Meta-poststernum (mt-pst), meta-intersternum (mt-ist), and metasternum (mt-st).

Figs 71‒74 in Asian cave-adapted diplurans, with the description of two new genera and four new species (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Entognatha)

Figs 71‒74. Mueggejapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički gen. et sp. nov. 71. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, right side, see terminology in the text (holotype, MZB (MCNB) 2020-1156). 72. Detail of the surface of the mesonotum. 73. Detail of the latero–posterior left side of the mesonotum. 74. Detail of the macroseta base.