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751 results for “geology”
Data from: At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)
Most meiofaunal species are known to have a broad distribution with no apparent barriers to their dispersion. However, different morphological and/or molecular methods supported patterns of diversity and distribution that may be different among taxa while also conflicting within the same group. We accurately assessed the patterns of geographic distribution in actual genetic species of a marine meiofaunal animal model: Ototyphlonemertes. Specimens were collected from several sites around Europe, Northern and Central America, Southern America, Pacific Islands and Asia. We sequenced regions of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. Using single-gene, a concatenated data set, multilocus approaches and different DNA taxonomy methods, we disentangled the actual diversity and the spatial structures of haplotypes and tested the possible correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. The results show (i) the importance of using several genes to uncover both diversity and highlight phylogeographic relationships among species and that (ii) independent genetic evolutionary entities have a narrower distribution than morphological species. Moreover, (iii) a Mantel test supported a positive correlation between genetic and geographical distance. By sampling from the two sides of Isthmus of Panama, we were additionally able to identify lineage divergence times that are concordant with vicariance mechanisms caused by the geological closure of the seaway across the Isthmus. We therefore propose that in addition to distance, other geological and ecological conditions are also barriers to the dispersion of and gene flow in marine meiofaunal organisms.
Data from: Genes, geology, and germs: gut microbiota across a primate hybrid zone are explained by site soil properties, not host species
Gut microbiota in geographically isolated host populations are often distinct. These differences have been attributed to between-population differences in host behaviors, environments, genetics, and geographic distance. However, which factors are most important remains unknown. Here we fill this gap for baboons by leveraging information on 13 environmental variables from 14 baboon populations spanning a natural hybrid zone. Sampling across a hybrid zone allowed us to additionally test whether phylosymbiosis (codiversification between hosts and their microbiota) is detectable in admixed, closely related primates. We found little evidence of genetic effects: neither host genetic ancestry, host genetic relatedness, nor genetic distance between host populations were strong predictors of baboon gut microbiota. Instead, gut microbiota were best explained by the baboons' environments, especially the soil's geologic history and exchangeable sodium. Indeed, soil effects were 15 times stronger than those of host-population FST, perhaps because soil predicts which foods are present, or because baboons are terrestrial and consume soil microbes incidentally with their food. Our results support an emerging picture in which environmental variation is the dominant predictor of host-associated microbiomes. We are the first to show that such effects overshadow host species identity among members of the same primate genus.
FIGURE 2. Geology and stratigraphy context. A in A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus
FIGURE 2. Geology and stratigraphy context. A, Stratigraphic log at Praia das Aguncheiras; B, Cretaceous geological formations at Espichel Cape (based on Manuppella 1994); C, Lisbon and Tagus Valley Mesozoic sedimentary rocks based on Liñán, 2001; D, Portuguese Mesozoic sedimentary rocks based on Liñán, 2001. Abbreviations: C2Ga, Galé Formation; C1Ro, Rodízio Formation; C1Cr, Cresmina Formation; C1Re, Regatão Formation; C1HB, Ladeiras, Rochadouro, Areia do Mastro, Papo-Seco and Boca do Chapim Formations; C1Ma, Maceira marls and reefal limestones; C1GL, Vale de Lobos and Guia grés, mudstones and limestones; C1Ca - Mudstones and sandstones of Porto da Calada Fm.
FIGURE 43. Stomatocysts with compound ornamentation. A–B. Stomatocyst 101 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 102 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 23 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 230 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 43. Stomatocysts with compound ornamentation. A–B. Stomatocyst 101 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 102 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 23 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 230 Duff & Smol. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 41. Stomatocysts ornamented with indentation. A. Stomatocyst 97 Pang & Wang. B. Stomatocyst 98 Pang & Wang. C in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 41. Stomatocysts ornamented with indentation. A. Stomatocyst 97 Pang & Wang. B. Stomatocyst 98 Pang & Wang. C. Hansen #106. D. Stomatocyst 202 Duff & Smol. E. Stomatocyst #3 Van de Vijer & Beyens. F. Stomatocyst 300 Gilbert et al. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 39. Stomatocysts ornamented with reticulum. A. Stomatocyst 22 Pang & Wang. B–C. Stomatocyst 29 Pang & Wang. D–E. Stomatocyst 11 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 39. Stomatocysts ornamented with reticulum. A. Stomatocyst 22 Pang & Wang. B–C. Stomatocyst 29 Pang & Wang. D–E. Stomatocyst 11 Vorobyova et al. f. Stomatocyst 231 Duff & Smol emend. Zeeb & Smol. A, D–F: Scale bar = 1 µm. B–C: Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 38. Stomatocysts ornamented with reticulum. A–B. Stomatocyst 229 Duff & Smol. C–F. Stomatocyst 177 Zeeb & Smol. A–D in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 38. Stomatocysts ornamented with reticulum. A–B. Stomatocyst 229 Duff & Smol. C–F. Stomatocyst 177 Zeeb & Smol. A–D: Scale bar = 5 µm. E–F: Scale bar = 1 µm.
FIGURE 36. Stomatocysts ornamented with ridges. A–B. Stomatocyst 94 Pang & Wang. C. Stomatocyst 296 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 36. Stomatocysts ornamented with ridges. A–B. Stomatocyst 94 Pang & Wang. C. Stomatocyst 296 Gilbert et al. D. Stomatocyst 298 Gilbert et al. E. Stomatocyst 228 Duff & Smolemend. Wilkinson & Smol. F. Stomatocyst 95 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 28. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A. Stomatocyst 5 Pang & Wang. B–C. Stomatocyst 185 Brown & Smol. D–E. Stomatocyst 80 Pang & Wang. F in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 28. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A. Stomatocyst 5 Pang & Wang. B–C. Stomatocyst 185 Brown & Smol. D–E. Stomatocyst 80 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst #27 Van de Vijver & Beyens. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 31. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 85 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 86 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 9 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 87 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 31. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 85 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 86 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 9 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 87 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 35. Stomatocysts ornamented with ridges. A–B. Stomatocyst 91 Pang & Wang. C. Stomatocyst 92 Pang & Wang. D in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 35. Stomatocysts ornamented with ridges. A–B. Stomatocyst 91 Pang & Wang. C. Stomatocyst 92 Pang & Wang. D. Stomatocyst #16 Cabala. E–F. Stomatocyst 93 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 5 µm.
FIGURE 25. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A. Stomatocyst 21 Pang & Wang. B. Stomatocyst 211 Duff & Smol. C. Stomatocyst 367 Taylor & Smol. D. Stomatocyst 317 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 25. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A. Stomatocyst 21 Pang & Wang. B. Stomatocyst 211 Duff & Smol. C. Stomatocyst 367 Taylor & Smol. D. Stomatocyst 317 Brown et al. E–F. Stomatocyst 76 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 19. Stomatocysts ornamented with scabrae verrucae and conula. A. Stomatocyst 281 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 19. Stomatocysts ornamented with scabrae verrucae and conula. A. Stomatocyst 281 Gilbert et al. B. Stomatocyst No. 42 Facher & Schmidt. C. Stomatocyst 59 Pang & Wang. D. Stomatocyst 60 Pang & Wang. E–F. Stomatocyst 61 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 14. Unornamented stomatocysts with a complex collar. A–B. Stomatocyst 135 Duff & Smol. C–D. Stomatocyst 15 Pang & Wang. E–F. Stomatocyst 204 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 14. Unornamented stomatocysts with a complex collar. A–B. Stomatocyst 135 Duff & Smol. C–D. Stomatocyst 15 Pang & Wang. E–F. Stomatocyst 204 Duff & Smol. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 23. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 72 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 366 Taylor & Smol. E–F. Stomatocyst 73 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 23. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 72 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 366 Taylor & Smol. E–F. Stomatocyst 73 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 21. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 66 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 67 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 19 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 68 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 21. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 66 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 67 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 19 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 68 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 24. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 74 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 168 Zeeb & Smol. E–F. Stomatocyst 75 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 24. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A–B. Stomatocyst 74 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 168 Zeeb & Smol. E–F. Stomatocyst 75 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 16. Stomatocysts ornamented with scabrae verrucae and conula. A–B. Stomatocyst 178 Zeeb & Smol. C–D. Stomatocyst 79 Duff & Smol. E. Stomatocyst 67 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 16. Stomatocysts ornamented with scabrae verrucae and conula. A–B. Stomatocyst 178 Zeeb & Smol. C–D. Stomatocyst 79 Duff & Smol. E. Stomatocyst 67 Duff & Smol emend. Brown & Smol. F. Stomatocyst 52 Pang & Wang. A–B. Scale bar = 1 µm. C–F. Scale bar = 2 µm.
FIGURE 17. Stomatocysts ornamented with scabrae verrucae and conula. A. Stomatocyst 52 Pang & Wang. B–C. Stomatocyst 207 Duff & Smol. D–E. Stomatocyst 53 Pang & Wang. F in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 17. Stomatocysts ornamented with scabrae verrucae and conula. A. Stomatocyst 52 Pang & Wang. B–C. Stomatocyst 207 Duff & Smol. D–E. Stomatocyst 53 Pang & Wang. F. Hansen #59. A–E: Scale bar = 2 µm; F: Scale bar = 5 µm.
FIGURE 22. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A. Stomatocyst 68 Pang & Wang. B. Stomatocyst 20 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 69 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 70 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 71 in Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China
FIGURE 22. Stomatocysts ornamented with spines. A. Stomatocyst 68 Pang & Wang. B. Stomatocyst 20 Pang & Wang. C–D. Stomatocyst 69 Pang & Wang. E. Stomatocyst 70 Pang & Wang. F. Stomatocyst 71 Pang & Wang. Scale bar = 2 µm.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.