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FIGURE 7. Daphnia pusilla, ephippial female from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 7. Daphnia pusilla, ephippial female from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, lateral view. B, ventral view. C, antero-dorsal view. D, ephippium. E, ephippium dorsal portion. F, sculpture central portion of ephippium. Scale bars 1 mm for A–C, 0.1 mm for D–F.
FIGURE 5. Daphnia pusilla from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 5. Daphnia pusilla from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, juvenile female. B–C, ephippial female, lateral and anterior view. D–M, adult male. D, lateral view. E–F, head, lateral and dorsal view. G, ventral margin. H, postero-ventral valve margin. I, postabdomen. J, postabdominal claw. K, antenna I. L, armature of distal segment of its flagellum. M, antenna II. Scale bars 1 mm for A–F, 0.1 mm for G–M.
FIGURE 4 in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 4. Daphnia pusilla, thoracic limbs of parthenogenetic female from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, limb I. B, limb II. C, gnathobase of limb II. D, limb III. E, seta 2 of limb III exopodite. F, inner-distal portion of limb III. G. limb IV. H, inner-distal portion of limb IV. I, limb V. J, distal portion of limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Daphnia pusilla, parthenogenetic female from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 3. Daphnia pusilla, parthenogenetic female from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A–C, distal portion of postabdomen. D, armature of preanal portion of postabdomen. E–F, antenna II. G, molar surface of left mandible. H, exopodites of thoracic limbs. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A–F, H, 0.01 mm for G.
FIGURE 2. Daphnia pusilla, parthenogenetic female from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 2. Daphnia pusilla, parthenogenetic female from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, lateral view. B, anterolateral view. C, head. D, rostrum. E, sculpture of valve. F, postero-lateral margin, inner view. G, posterior margin, inner view. H, postabdomen. Scale bars 1 mm for A–B, 0.1 mm for C–F, H, 0.01 for G.
FIGURE 1. Daphnia pusilla, parthenogenetic female from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 1. Daphnia pusilla, parthenogenetic female from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, lateral view. B, anterior view. C, head, dorsal view. D–E, head, lateral view. F, ventral valve margin, inner view. G, postero-ventral margin, inner view. H, posterior margin, inner view. I–J, abdomen and postabdomen. K, distal portion of postabdomen, dorsal view. L–M, postabdominal claw, outer and inner view. Scale bars 1 mm for A–C, 0.1 mm for D–M.
FIGURE 6. Daphnia pusilla, juvenile female from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 6. Daphnia pusilla, juvenile female from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, dorsal view. B, posterior head portion. C, dorsal organ. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 8. Daphnia pusilla, adult male from a in A new redescription of Daphnia pusilla (Serventy, 1929) (Cladocera: Daphniidae) with emphasis on the thoracic limbs of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) Dybowski & Grochowski, 1895
FIGURE 8. Daphnia pusilla, adult male from a pond in Cape Portland, NE Tasmania. A, lateral view. B, ventral view. C, postabdomen. D, postabdominal distal portion. E, antenna II. F, limbs I and II, outer view. G. limb I, inner view. H, limb III, inner-distal portion. Scale bars 1 mm for A–B, 0.1 mm for C–H.
Fig. 3 in An elephant-sized Late Triassic synapsid with erect limbs
Fig. 3. Phylogeny of kannemeyeriiform dicynodonts and its relationship with the changes in femur length of dicynodonts and sauropodomorphs. (A) Time-calibrated phylogeny of the Triassic dicynodonts simplified after (22) (numerical ages for the base and top of Norian are based on the Chronostratigraphic Chart of the ICS v. 2018/8) with position of L. bojani. (B) Femur length (body size proxy) of sauropodomorph (black squares) and dicynodont (gray circles) taxa from the Middle to Late Triassic plotted at the stratigraphic range midpoints for each taxon. (C) Comparison of dicynodont femur bones (1, 2, ZPAL V.33/763, Lisowicia; 3, UCMP 32394, Placerias; 4, MCZ 378 58M, Ischigualastia; 5, MCN PV 3600, Dinodontosaurus; 6, GPIT/ RE/8002, Stahleckeria).
Fig. 2 in An elephant-sized Late Triassic synapsid with erect limbs
Fig. 2. Comparison of the reconstructed pectoral girdle of Lisowicia bojani with another dicynodont, dinosaur, and recent mammal. (A) Position of bones of L. bojani in anterior and lateral views. Some proportions of the bones were estimated by means of comparison with articulated skeletons of Parakannemeyeria (IVPP V. 979) and Sinokannemeyeria (IVPP V.974), but most were inferred from the size of articulation areas. (B) Reconstruction of large dicynodont Stahleckeria (GPIT/RE/8001) in anterior and lateral views. (C and D) Hypothetical flexibility of the humerus in protraction-retraction. (E) Reconstruction of rhinoceros Diceros in anterior and lateral views based on MPUWr 502223. (F) Reconstruction of Triceratops in anterior and lateral views based on (27). Scale bars, 10 cm.
Fig. 1 in An elephant-sized Late Triassic synapsid with erect limbs
Fig. 1. The skeleton restoration of Lisowicia bojani. (A) Left humerus (ZPAL V.33/96) in ventral view. (B) Left radius (ZPAL V.33/665) in lateral view. (C) Cervical vertebrae (ZPAL V.33/720) in posterior view. (D) Dorsal vertebrae (ZPAL V.33/720) in lateral view. (E) Left pelvis (ZPAL V.33/720; ilium, pubis, and ischium) in lateral view. (F) Left femur (ZPAL V.33/75) in anterior view. (G) Left tibia (ZPAL V.33/75) in lateral view. (H) Left fibula (ZPAL V.33/75) in medial view. (I) Left ulna (ZPAL V.33/470) in lateral view. (J) Left scapulocoracoid (ZPAL V.33/468) in lateral view. (K) Fused quadrate and quadratojugal (ZPAL V.33/735) in posterior view. Scale bars, 10 cm (A) to (K); 1 m for the skeleton. (L) Light gray bones represent missing elements. il, ilium; pu, pubis; is, ischium.
Fig. 6 Bachia trinitatis. a Crown view UWIMZ2010.12.44c. b Profile FMNH 49881. c Gular view. d Manus. e Pes. f. FMNH 49880d in The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean
Fig. 6 Bachia trinitatis. a Crown view UWIMZ2010.12.44c. b Profile FMNH 49881. c Gular view. d Manus. e Pes. f. FMNH 49880d cleared and stained manus; arrow points to the reduced first digit, not readily visible in complete specimens. Each bar is about 1 mm
Fig. 7 a, b in The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean
Fig. 7 a, b Bachia trinitatis from Flagstaff Hill, Tobago (JCM). c, d Bachia whitei sp. nov. UWIZM.2017.15.6. A female from Main Ridge Reserve, Tobago (JCM)
Fig. 2 in The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean
Fig. 2 Best ML trees for the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear (12S + 16S rDNA + c-mos), mitochondrial (12S + 16S rDNA) and nuclear (c-mos) alignments. Asterisks (*) by nodes correspond to posterior probabilities (above nodes) recovered from the Bayesian
Fig. 5 in The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean
Fig. 5 Bachia alleni. KU315771 from Grenada. a Crown. b Profile. c Gular view. d Rear leg with four digits. Each bar is about 1 mm
Fig. 4 in The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean
Fig. 4 The discriminate function analysis (DA) on the left was done using 58 specimens of eastern Caribbean Bachia and 12 traits. Bachia alleni (1 dark blue). The blue outlier labeled alleni is the type specimen of B. a. parviceps. (3, 4) Bachia trinitatis is shown as two populations: Trinidad (orange), Tobago, and Little Tobago (green). (4) Bachia beebei sp. nov. (light blue). The DA on the right was done with 61 specimens of eastern Caribbean Bachia. Bachia alleni (dark blue). Bachia trinitatis is shown as two populations: Trinidad (orange), Tobago and Little
Fig. 8 in The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean
Fig. 8 Bachia beebei sp. nov. AMNH 137630. a Crown view note absence of prefrontals. b Profile. c Gular view. D. Manus, with three digits. e Pes with four digits. Each bar is about 1 mm
Comparing the mechanical energetics of walking among individuals with unilateral transfemoral limb loss using socket and osseointegrated prosthetic interfaces
<p>Biomechanical data (kinematics, kinetics) collected during overground walking from 8 individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation both pre- and 24-months post-femoral osseointegration.</p>
A Sensory Neuroprosthesis Enhances Recovery from Treadmill-Induced Stumbles for Individuals with Lower Limb Loss
<p>Dataset of treadmill-induced stumble recovery for three participants with lower limb loss who received a sensory neuroprosthesis that restores plantar somatosensory feedback corresponding to prosthesis foot-foor interactions. </p> <ul> <li><strong>Results.zip</strong> contains the metrics calculated for analysis of stumble recovery, which includes: trunk angular sway, peak trunk flexion angular velocity, and peak ground reaction force magntidues. </li> <li><strong>Raw.zip</strong> contains raw data collected during the experiments. <ul> <li>LLX - Data for a particular participant <ul> <li>SessionX - Data collected during a single session of the experiment, with each session being one day. <ul> <li>DFlow - Contains treadmill speed data. </li> <li>Visual3D - Contains biomechanical and force plate data. <ul> <li>StaticX - Data collected during a static trial where the participant is standing in a T-pose. This data was used to calculate body weight during each session. Data on which blocks correspond to which static trials can be found in LLX_ProcessData.m This has the same directory structure as TrialX. </li> <li>TrialX - Data collected during one block of walking with multiple perturbations. Data on which blocks had the SNP active or inactive can be found in the <code>FILE_DATA</code> variable in LLX_Analysis.m files in Code.zip. <ul> <li>Analog - Contains force plate data collected from the instrumented treadmill, which was used to calculated ground reaction force metrics. </li> <li>ForcePlate - Contains force plate data calculated from the instrumented treadmill and interpolated to the Marker data.</li> <li>LinkModel - Contains data from the biomechanical model, including trunk angle. </li> <li>Markers - Contains marker data from motion capture. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Code.zip </strong>contains the code used to process the raw data in Raw.zip and extract the metrics found in Results.zip. To run this, follow the steps below.<br> <ol> <li>Copy files from Projects/TreadmillPerturbations/Run/ to directory where processed data will be stored. </li> <li>In this same folder from (1), create the following directories: <ul> <li>Processed/LL1/Session1</li> <li>Processed/LL1/Session2</li> <li>Processed/LL1/Session3</li> <li>Processed/LL1/Session4</li> <li>Processed/LL1/Session5</li> <li>Processed/LL2/Session1</li> <li>Processed/LL2/Session2</li> <li>Processed/LL2/Session3</li> <li>Processed/LL2/Session4</li> <li>Processed/LL2/Session5</li> <li>Processed/LL3/Session1</li> <li>Processed/LL3/Session2</li> <li>Processed/LL3/Session3</li> <li>Processed/LL3/Session4</li> <li>Processed/LL3/Session5</li> </ul> </li> <li>In LLX_ProcessData.m, edit <code>raw_data_all</code> variable to path where raw data is stored (where data from Raw.zip has been extracted to).</li> <li>Run LLX_ProcessData.m. Processed data will appear as .mat files in directories created in (2).</li> <li>Run LLX_Analysis.m. This will reproduce the results found in Results.zip.</li> </ol> </li> </ul>
Data from: Fin ray patterns at the fin to limb transition
<p>The fin-to-limb transition was marked by the origin of digits and the loss of dermal fin rays. Paleontological research into this transformation has focused on the evolution of the endoskeleton with little attention paid to fin ray structure and function. To address this knowledge gap, we study the dermal rays of the pectoral fins of three key tetrapodomorph taxa—<em>Sauripterus taylori</em> (Rhizodontida), <em>Eusthenopteron foordi</em> (Tristichopteridae), and <em>Tiktaalik roseae</em> (Elpistostegalia)—using computed tomography. These data show several trends in the lineage leading to digited forms, including the consolidation of fin rays (e.g., reduced segmentation and branching), reduction of the fin web and, unexpectedly, the evolution of asymmetry between dorsal and ventral hemitrichia. In <em>Eusthenopteron</em>, dorsal rays cover the preaxial endoskeleton slightly more than ventral rays. In <em>Tiktaalik</em>, dorsal rays fully cover the third and fourth mesomeres, while ventral rays are restricted distal to these elements, suggesting the presence of ventralized musculature at the fin tip, analogous to a fleshy 'palm.' Asymmetry is also observed in cross sectional area of dorsal and ventral rays. <em>Eusthenopteron</em> dorsal rays are slightly larger than ventral rays; by contrast, <em>Tiktaalik</em> dorsal rays can be several times larger than ventral rays, and degree of asymmetry appears to be greater at larger sizes. Analysis of extant osteichthyans suggests cross sectional asymmetry in the dermal rays of paired fins are plesiomorphic to crown-group osteichthyans. The evolution of dermal rays in crownward stem tetrapods reflects adaptation for a fin-supported elevated posture and resistance to substrate-based loading prior to the origin of digits.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.