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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

Figure 1 in CLUNIO BOUDOURESQUEI SP. N. AND THALASSOSMITTIA BALLESTAI SP. N., TWO TYRRHENIAN MARINE SPECIES OCCURRING IN SCANDOLA NATURE RESERVE, WEST CORSICA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract

Figure 1. Male and female adults of Clunio spp. Male adult. Head in dorsal and ventral view of: a-b) C. marinus; c-d) C. boudouresquei sp. n. C. boudouresquei sp. n.: e) antenna, segments 1-3; f) segments 8-9 and last flagellomere; g) palp, left and right (h). Female adult of C. boudouresquei sp. n.: i) segment 6 and last flagellomere; j) palp. Male adult. Segment 9 and last flagellomere of: k) C. boudouresquei sp. n.; l) C. marinus. Male adult. Palp of: m) C. sp. 2; n) C. marinus.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

Figures 10 in CLUNIO BOUDOURESQUEI SP. N. AND THALASSOSMITTIA BALLESTAI SP. N., TWO TYRRHENIAN MARINE SPECIES OCCURRING IN SCANDOLA NATURE RESERVE, WEST CORSICA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract

Figures 10. Clunio spp. and Thalassosmittia spp. Geographical distribution of known species from the Mediterranean basin and neighbouring seacoasts: C. boudouresquei sp. n.,⚙; C. marinus, ✻; C. mediterraneus, ✶; C. ponticus, ✪; T. atlantica, ✩; T. ballestai sp. n., ❄; T. thalassophila, ✤.

Fig. 2 in Why many Indonesian marine species remain undescribed: a case study using polychaete species discovery

Fig. 2. The composition of active local taxonomists. Blue, black, white, and grey bars indicate marine, faunal, floral, and microbial taxa, respectively (the last three taxa are non-marine). A list of the taxonomists is provided in Appendix 1.

Fig. 3 in Why many Indonesian marine species remain undescribed: a case study using polychaete species discovery

Fig. 3. Distributional map of Indonesian marine species exclusively described by local taxonomists. Grey and white land areas indicate Indonesia and the neighbouring countries, respectively.

Fig. 1 in Why many Indonesian marine species remain undescribed: a case study using polychaete species discovery

Fig. 1. The cumulative number of Indonesian polychaete species described (the black solid line), projected to the end of the 21st century with a 95% probability. The upper and lower red dashed lines, as well as the red solid line, are the projected species discovery trends assuming great, little, and medium taxonomic efforts, respectively, being made to shift the pre-existing trend.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad40/100

What Darwin couldn't see: Island formation and historical sea levels shape genetic divergence and island biogeography in a coastal marine species

Oceanic islands play a central role in the study of evolution and island biogeography. The Galapagos Islands are one of the most studied oceanic archipelagos but research has almost exclusively focused on terrestrial organisms compared to marine species. Here we used the Galapagos bullhead shark (Heterodontus quoyi) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine evolutionary processes and their consequences for genetic divergence and island biogeography in a shallow-water marine species without larval dispersal. The sequential separation of individual islands from a central island cluster gradually established different ocean depths between islands that pose barriers to dispersal in H. quoyi. Isolation-by-resistance analysis suggested that ocean bathymetry and historical sea level fluctuations modified genetic connectivity. These processes resulted in at least three genetic clusters that exhibit low genetic diversity and effective population sizes that scale with island size and the level of geographic isolation. Our results exemplify that island formation and climatic cycles shape genetic divergence and biogeography of coastal marine organisms with limited dispersal comparable to terrestrial taxa. Because similar scenarios exist in oceanic islands around the globe our research provides a new perspective on marine evolution and biogeography with implications for the conservation of island biodiversity.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Native species Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) found in the invasive marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Australia

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 from the marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Australia, male. A – anterior part of body (lateral ala arrowed), lateral view; B – cephalic end (amphid arrowed), apical view; C, G – posterior end of different individuals (white arrows showing precloacal papillae, black arrow showing lateral ala), lateral view; D – magnified image of precloacal papilla; E – magnified image of postcloacal papilla; F – magnified image of cloacal region (white arrow showing precloacal medio-ventral papilla, black arrows showing paracloacal papillae); H – tail (white arrows showing postcloacal papillae, black arrow showing phasmid), lateral view; I – magnified image of phasmid. Abbreviations: d – dorsal lip; g – tip of gubernaculum; i – inner flange of lips; v – ventrolateral lip.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 3 in Native species Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) found in the invasive marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Australia

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 from the marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Australia, female. A – anterior part of body (excretory pore and vulva arrowed), ventral view; B – magnified im- age of excretory pore; C – magnified image of vulva; D – cephalic end (amphids arrowed), apical view; E – egg (small nipple arrowed); F – tail, lateral view; G – magnified image of tail tip. Abbreviations: d – dorsal lip; v – ventrolateral lip.

Cetacean sightings, n T.t.ponticus 59 45 22 4 2 3 1 2 0 0 4 1 June July August September Fig. 4. Sightings per month for each species. in Vantage point surveys of cetaceans (Mammalia, Cetacea) and their interactions with marine birds

Cetacean sightings, n T.t.ponticus 59 45 22 4 2 3 1 2 0 0 4 1 June July August September Fig. 4. Sightings per month for each species.

Fig. 4 in Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

Fig. 4. Uronema orientalis spec. nov. in vivo (A, E–J), after protargol (B–D, K) and silver nitrate staining (L). A, E – ventral views of a typical cell; B, C – ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views of the same specimen, showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus; D, K – detailed infraciliature of buccal area, arrowhead in (K) shows the gap between the anterior part and posterior parts of membranelle 1; F, G – ventral views, to show different body shapes; H – posterior region of cell, arrow points to caudal cilia, arrowheads show somatic cilia; I – ventral view, arrow refers to blue irregularly-shaped crystal, arrowhead indicates dumbbell-shaped crystal; J – ventral view, arrow shows contractile vacuole, arrowhead marks buccal field; L – ventral view, arrow shows contractile vacuole pore. M1, 2, 3 – membranelles 1, 2 and 3; M1a – the anterior part of membranelle 1; M1b – the posterior part of membranelle 1; Ma – macronucleus; PM – paroral membrane; Sc – scutica. Scale bars: A, B, C = 50 μm; E–G, J, K = 80 μm.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

Fig. 3. Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) and P. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm.

Fig. 1 in Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

Fig. 1. Map and photographs of biotopes (A–D) in which the samples were collected. A – no. 1 swimming beach, Qingdao (36°06′N; 120°32′E); B – beach near Sculpture Garden, Qingdao (36°4′N; 120°29′E); C – coastal area of no. 1 swimming beach, Qingdao (36°06′N; 120°32′E), the site that is further into the sea than that of (A); D – a mangrove wetland in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province (22°30′N; 114°37′E).

Fig. 5 in Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree inferred from the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences, showing the positions of Pleuronema elegans spec. nov., P. grolierei, P. puytoraci, and Uronema orientalis spec. nov. (in bold). Numbers at nodes represent the bootstrap values of maximum likelihood (ML) out of 1,000 replicates and the posterior probability of Bayesian analysis (BI). The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.

Fig. 2. Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. in vivo (A, B, D, H–L), after protargol (E–G, M–Q) and silver nitrate staining (C). A, H – ventral view of a representative individual; B – detailed view of cortex to demonstrate arrangement of extrusomes; C – part of silverline system; D – swimming trace; E, F – ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views of the same specimen, showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus; G – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow shows the straight posterior end of M2a; I – ventral view, arrow marks paroral membrane and arrowhead shows ingested algae; J – ventral view, arrow shows membranelle 1, arrowheads mark the anterior part of membranelle 2; K – ventral view, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; L – ventral view, arrowheads mark somatic cilia; M – infraciliature of ventral side, arrow indicates membranelle 1, arrowhead refers to paired basal bodies; N – posterior region, arrow shows V-shaped posterior part of membranelle 2, arrowheads point to preoral kineties, double-arrowhead indicates membranelle 3; O – anterior region, arrowhead shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; P – macronucleus; Q – detailed view of membranelle 3 (arrowhead). M1, 3 – membranelles 1 and 3; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus; PK – preoral kinety; PM – paroral membrane. Scale bars: A, E, F, H, I = 50 μm, J = 20 μm.