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FIGURE 2. Lymania involucrata Leme & E.H. Souza. A in Lymania involucrata (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Lymania involucrata Leme & E.H. Souza. A. Detail of leaf rosette and the inflorescence. B. Habit. C. Leaf in abaxial view. D. Inflorescence. E. Floral bracts (arrows). F. Abaxial view of the bracts (bb. upper peduncle bract. db. basal primary bract. sb. upper primary bract. pb. basal peduncle bract). G. Basal branch (arrows). H. Flower and floral parts. (fl. flowers. ov. ovary in cross section. se. sepals. pe. petals. an. androecium. st. style and stigma). I. Stigma detail. Photo: E.H. Souza. Bars: B–D = 5 cm; C, E–H = 2 cm; I = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1. A–B in Lymania involucrata (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 1. A–B. Geographic distribution of Lymania involucrata, L. brachycaulis and L. corallina. C. Lymania involucrata in bloom, showing its habit. Photos: A. Qgis software and Google Earth. B. Google Earth. C. by Kevin Flesher.
FIGURE 3. A–D. Lymania bracycaulis. A. Plant habit. B. Inflorescence. C in Lymania involucrata (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 3. A–D. Lymania bracycaulis. A. Plant habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Abaxial view of the bracts (pb. basal peduncle bracts. bb. upper peduncle bract. db. basal primary bract. sb. upper primary bract). D. Flower and floral parts. (fl. flowers. ov. ovary in cross section. se. sepals. pe. petals. st. style and stigma. an. androecium). E-J) Lymania corallina. E-F. Plant habit. G-H. Inflorescence. I) Bracts (pb. basal peduncle bract. db. basal primary bract. sb. upper primary bract.) J. Flower and floral parts (fl. flowers. ov. ovary in cross section. se. sepals. pe. petals. st. style and stigma. an. androecium). Photo: E.H. Souza. Bars: 2 cm.
Habitat complexity and complex signal function – exploring the role of ornamentation
<p>Animals often communicate in complex, heterogeneous environments, leading to hypothesized selection for increased detectability or discriminability in signaling traits. The extent to which secondary sexual ornaments have evolved to overcome the challenges of signaling in complex environments, however, remains understudied, especially in comparison to their role as indicator traits. This study tested the hypothesis that the condition-dependent secondary sexual ornamentation in the wolf spider Rabidosa rabida functions to increase detectability/discriminability in visually complex environments. We predicted that male ornamentation would interact with the complexity of the signaling environment to affect male mating success. In particular, we expected ornaments to confer a greater mating advantage when males courted in visually complex environments. To test this, we artificially manipulated male foreleg ornamentation (present/absent) and ran repeated-measures mating trials across laboratory microcosms that represented simple versus complex visual signaling environments. Microcosm visual complexity differed in their background pattern, grass stem color and grass stem placement. We found that ornamented males mated more often and more quickly than unornamented males across both environments, but we found no support for an ornament-by-environment interaction. Male courtship rate, however, did interact with the signaling environment. Despite achieving the same level of mating success across signaling environments, ornamented males courted less rapidly in complex versus simple environments, while environmental complexity had no influence on unornamented male courtship rates. Our results suggest that the visual complexity of the signaling environment influences the interactive influence of ornamentation and dynamic visual courtship on female mate choice.</p>
FIGURE. Microscopic structures of Gloeocantharellus salmonicolor (TH0817, holotype). a. Pileipellis with gloeoplerous hypha. b. Ornamented basidiospores drawn in surface view or optical section. c. Gloeocystidia. d. Basidia at different developmental stages. Bars = 10 µm. Drawings by K. Reschke. in New and interesting species of Agaricomycetes from Panama
FIGURE. Microscopic structures of Gloeocantharellus salmonicolor (TH0817, holotype). a. Pileipellis with gloeoplerous hypha. b. Ornamented basidiospores drawn in surface view or optical section. c. Gloeocystidia. d. Basidia at different developmental stages. Bars = 10 µm. Drawings by K. Reschke.
Data for: Telomere length is highly repeatable and shorter in individuals with more elaborate sexual ornamentation in a short-lived passerine
<p>Quantifying an individual's state as fitness proxy has proven challenging, but accumulating evidence suggests that telomere length and attrition may indicate individual somatic state and success at self-maintenance, respectively. Sexual ornamentation is also thought to signal phenotypic quality, but links between telomeres and sexual ornamentation have been little explored. To address this issue, we examined whether telomere length and dynamics are predicted by the expression of a sexually selected ornament, the length of the outermost tail feathers (streamers), using longitudinal data from a population of European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). In 139 adult individuals, each measured twice, we further assessed associations of telomere length with age, sex, breeding status and survival. Telomere length showed high individual repeatability (R = 0.97) across years while shortening with age in both sexes. Telomere length and dynamics were not significantly associated with survival to the next year, remaining lifespan, or reproduction status (comparing breeding and non-breeding yearlings). Tail streamer length, a sexually selected trait in barn swallows, was negatively associated with telomere length, independent of sex. Thus, telomere length may reflect the costs of carrying an elaborated sexual ornament, although ornament size did not significantly predict telomere shortening. In conclusion, telomere length in adult barn swallows is a highly consistent trait that shows a negative relationship with sexual ornamentation, suggesting a trade-off between sexual ornamentation and telomere length.</p>
FIGURE. Images of representative members of tribe Phyllantheae. (A) Flowers of Nellica maderaspatensis. (B) Pistillate flowers of Cathetus gracilis, note the unique disc covering the ovary. (C) Pistillate and staminate flowers of Cathetus glaucophyllus. (D) Staminate flowers of Nymphanthus glaucescens. (E) Fruits of Kirganelia muelleriana. (F) Fruits of Lysiandra subcrenulata. (G) Phylloclade with flowers of Phyllanthus angustifolius. (H) Flowering branchlet of Phyllanthus incrustatus, note the ornamentation on the axes. (I) Habit of Moeroris tenella. (J) Fruiting branch of Dendrophyllanthus tenuirhachis. (K) Fruits of Cicca profusa. (L) Fruiting branch of Emblica officinalis. (M) Flowering plant of Emblica urinaria. (N) Pistillate flower of Breynia disticha. (O) Staminate flower of Breynia disticha. (P) flower of Glochidion dunnianum. (Q) Staminate of Glochidion lanceolarium. (R) Dehisced capsule of Glochidion sp. showing seeds covered with a red sarcotesta. Photos: A & F by J.J. Bruhl; B & P by M.S. Nuraliev; C by T. Williams; E & K by C. Jongkind; H by B. Falcón; J by R.-Y. Yu; D, G, I, L, M, N, O, Q & R by R.W.Bouman. in A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae)
FIGURE. Images of representative members of tribe Phyllantheae. (A) Flowers of Nellica maderaspatensis. (B) Pistillate flowers of Cathetus gracilis, note the unique disc covering the ovary. (C) Pistillate and staminate flowers of Cathetus glaucophyllus. (D) Staminate flowers of Nymphanthus glaucescens. (E) Fruits of Kirganelia muelleriana. (F) Fruits of Lysiandra subcrenulata. (G) Phylloclade with flowers of Phyllanthus angustifolius. (H) Flowering branchlet of Phyllanthus incrustatus, note the ornamentation on the axes. (I) Habit of Moeroris tenella. (J) Fruiting branch of Dendrophyllanthus tenuirhachis. (K) Fruits of Cicca profusa. (L) Fruiting branch of Emblica officinalis. (M) Flowering plant of Emblica urinaria. (N) Pistillate flower of Breynia disticha. (O) Staminate flower of Breynia disticha. (P) flower of Glochidion dunnianum. (Q) Staminate of Glochidion lanceolarium. (R) Dehisced capsule of Glochidion sp. showing seeds covered with a red sarcotesta. Photos: A & F by J.J. Bruhl; B & P by M.S. Nuraliev; C by T. Williams; E & K by C. Jongkind; H by B. Falcón; J by R.-Y. Yu; D, G, I, L, M, N, O, Q & R by R.W.Bouman.
FIGURES –. Cocconeis sp. (cf. C. bilicis F.Meister). SEM (New Caledonia, Melanesia). Different specimens with SV sectors separated (or not) by a crista marginalis (21, 24), SV striae uniseriae near the sternum and biseriate thereafter (21, 24), SV areolae lumen with circular ornamentation (23, arrow), crista marginalis (22), SVVC in advalvar view with digit fimbriae (25, arrowhead), large RV axial concave area (26). Scale bars = 6 µm (24), 5 µm (26), 4 µm (21), 3 µm (25), 1 µm (22–23). in Marine Achnanthales (Bacillariophyceae) from New Caledonia (Melanesia): assemblage specificities, ultramafic environment
FIGURES –. Cocconeis sp. (cf. C. bilicis F.Meister). SEM (New Caledonia, Melanesia). Different specimens with SV sectors separated (or not) by a crista marginalis (21, 24), SV striae uniseriae near the sternum and biseriate thereafter (21, 24), SV areolae lumen with circular ornamentation (23, arrow), crista marginalis (22), SVVC in advalvar view with digit fimbriae (25, arrowhead), large RV axial concave area (26). Scale bars = 6 µm (24), 5 µm (26), 4 µm (21), 3 µm (25), 1 µm (22–23).
Supplementary material 1 from: Wang S-N, Fan Y-G, Yan J-Q (2022) Iugisporipsathyra reticulopilea gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from tropical China produces unique ridge-ornamented spores with an obvious suprahilar plage. MycoKeys 90: 147-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.90.85690
Iugisporipsathyra reticulopilea gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from Tropical China Produces Unique Ridge-ornamented Spores with an Obvious Suprahilar Plage
Habitat change alters the expression and efficiency of a female ornament
<p>Anthropogenic habitat changes are disrupting the mate choice process in a range of organisms, with consequences for populations and communities. Research has so far focussed on male sexually selected traits and female mate choice, given their conspicuousness, while effects on female ornaments and male mate choice have been largely overlooked. Yet, females of many species develop ornaments that males use in mate choice. These ornaments can be costly and reduce female fecundity and viability and, hence, influence population growth rate. Thus, attention should be paid to changes in these ornaments and the consequences the changes have for populations. Here, we show that declining visibility in aquatic ecosystems reduces the investment of female threespine stickleback in a melanin-based ornament in favour of increased search activity. The adjustment appears adaptive as males pay less attention to the ornament under poor visibility, and as melanin-based ornaments are physiologically costly. It is likely that past fluctuations in visibility has promoted the evolution of environment-dependent plasticity in female ornamentation. More attention should be paid to changes in female ornaments and their adaptive value, across taxa, given the impact that female investment in ornaments can have on fecundity and population growth rate. Environments are changing at an accelerating rate because of human activities and knowledge of the responses of both males and females to these changes are needed to evaluate and predict the ultimate impact on populations and biodiversity. Keywords: environmental change, eutrophication, fecundity, reproduction, sexual selection, signals</p>
FIGURE 1 in Hohenbergia amargosensis (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Hohenbergia amargosensis from Baixa de Areia, Amargosa, Bahia state: A. Population at the type locality. B. Habit. C. Leaves, abaxial and adaxial view. D. Leaf apex. E. Spines at the base of the leaf blade. F. Inflorescences. G. Part of a branch with flower buds and one open flower. H. Peduncle with bracts. I. Two flowers. J. Petals with stamens. K. secondary bract. L. Adaxial view of the Sepal. M. Petal base with appendages. N. Longitudinal section of the ovary showing the placentation and ovules. O. Abaxial, adaxial and lateral view of the anthers. P. Stigma. Bars: C–D = 4 cm, E = 1 cm, F = 10 cm = G, I, J = 7 mm, H = 1.5 cm, K–L = 4 mm, M–N = 3 mm, O = 1.5 mm. Photos: E.H.Souza
FIGURE 3. A-B. Hohenbergia reconcavensis. C–D. H. stellata. E–F. H. ituberaensis. A, C, E. Plant with inflorescence. B, D, F in Hohenbergia amargosensis (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new ornamental species from Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 3. A-B. Hohenbergia reconcavensis. C–D. H. stellata. E–F. H. ituberaensis. A, C, E. Plant with inflorescence. B, D, F. Details of the Inflorescences. Photos: A–B. E.Leme, C–F. E.H.Souza
FIGURE. Trichia munda (syntype): a–i: specimen from box B.M. 2942. a–b. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001089762]. c. Detail of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–f = 5 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Trichia munda (syntype): a–i: specimen from box B.M. 2942. a–b. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001089762]. c. Detail of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–f = 5 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Hemitrichia intorta: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 1483 (syntype). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001088829]. b–d. Details of capillitium by SEM. e–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c= 5 μm, d = 2 μm, e–f = 2 μm, g = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Hemitrichia intorta: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 1483 (syntype). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001088829]. b–d. Details of capillitium by SEM. e–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c= 5 μm, d = 2 μm, e–f = 2 μm, g = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Perichaena cornuvioides: a–e. specimen from box B.M. 3004 (type). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247521]. b–e. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–d = 2 μm, e = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Perichaena cornuvioides: a–e. specimen from box B.M. 3004 (type). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247521]. b–e. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–d = 2 μm, e = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Trichia affinis: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 4147. a. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001247524]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 2 μm, d–e = 5 µm, f–g = 2 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Trichia affinis: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 4147. a. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001247524]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 2 μm, d–e = 5 µm, f–g = 2 μm.
FIGURE. Trichia scabra: a–g: specimen from box BM001247525 (leg. anon., Hertfortshire. s.n.). a–b Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. c–d. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. e–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: a–b = 2 µm, c–d = 5 μm, e–f = 2 μm, g = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Trichia scabra: a–g: specimen from box BM001247525 (leg. anon., Hertfortshire. s.n.). a–b Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. c–d. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. e–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: a–b = 2 µm, c–d = 5 μm, e–f = 2 μm, g = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–i: specimen from box B.M. 1542. a. Label [box: BM001247523]. b. Sporocarps and substratum. c–e. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–e = 5 μm, f = 10 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–i: specimen from box B.M. 1542. a. Label [box: BM001247523]. b. Sporocarps and substratum. c–e. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–e = 5 μm, f = 10 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm.
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–h: specimen from box B.M. 3174. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: [BM001247522]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–h. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–e = 5 μm, f–g = 2 μm, h = 1 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–h: specimen from box B.M. 3174. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: [BM001247522]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–h. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–e = 5 μm, f–g = 2 μm, h = 1 μm.
FIGURE. Hemitrichia karstenii: a and d: specimen from box B.M. 1489. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247518]. d. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. b–c, e–i: specimen from box B.M. 2008. e. Label [box: BM001247519]. b–c. Capillitium by SEM. f–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 5 μm, d and f–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Hemitrichia karstenii: a and d: specimen from box B.M. 1489. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247518]. d. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. b–c, e–i: specimen from box B.M. 2008. e. Label [box: BM001247519]. b–c. Capillitium by SEM. f–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 5 μm, d and f–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm.
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