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2,744 results for “restoration.”
Data from: Native plant traits and invasibility of restored communities: Importance of environmental context and trait hierarchies
<p>During community assembly, theory predicts trait convergence among species due to environmental filtering, and trait divergence due to biotic filtering. Learning how traits of non-native species enable them to overcome these filters informs the process of invasion.<strong> </strong>We manipulated mixtures of native plants in a large restoration project in Southern California that was initially dominated by non-native annual grasses and forbs but was restored to a mixture of native shrubs, grasses, and forbs. We measured subsequent establishment and performance by three non-native species (<em>Brassica nigra</em>, <em>Salsola tragus,</em> and <em>Sonchus oleraceus</em>) on N- and S-facing slopes to investigate relationships between the abiotic environment, native community composition, and invasibility in the context of trait-driven ecological filters. We then evaluated which community metrics influenced invader performance and tested whether relationships between invader performance and community-weighted traits varied depending on slope aspect. Plots with slow-growing native shrubs contained less of the fast-growing invasive, <em>Brassica nigra</em>. Invasibility was greatest in native communities restored with native grass and on N-facing slopes. Traits of individual species indicated relatively greater biotic as compared to environmental filtering. For example, abundance of <em>Phacelia cicutaria</em>, a native annual with traits most like invasive <em>Brassica nigra</em>, was negatively correlated with abundance of that invasive. Several community-weighted trait metrics were also significantly related to invasibility, but the direction of the relationship varied depending on the specific functional trait, community-weighted trait measure (mean or dispersion), invader, and slope aspect. The native functional group that was more likely to prevent invasion by non-native annual species (native shrubs) was different from the single species that most prevented invasion (a native forb). In restoration planning, functional groups and trait values of individual species may point to different mixtures of native species that prevent invasion by specific non-natives, depending on priority effects. Understanding the priority effects and trait hierarchies that underly biotic filtering appears critical to interpreting community-weighted traits and their complexity of responses to environmental variation in space and time. </p>
Collection data and molecular datasets for: Defining species-specific seed sourcing strategies for restoration: An example of how to use genetic data to inform seed collections for multiple co-occurring species
<p>Two files for each dataset are provided:</p> <p>Metadata files contain colelcting information for the samples in each molecular dataset as well as the group assignments (species, genetic neighbourhood and sites) used in analyses, saved as an excel spreadsheet.</p> <p>Molecular datasets containing samples and SNPs used in analyses. The data is formatted as a genlight object saved as an RData file that can be read into the R statisical environment and analysed using the 'dartR' package (Gruber et al. 2018).</p>
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 1. First lecture room for Botany – a stable (Source: NWU Records, Archives and Museum).
Figure 6 in Hundred years of Botany at the NWU: contributions towards understanding plant and algae function, diversity and restoration in a changing environment
Figure 6. Stateoftheart open top chambers for research in ecophysiology (Photo: Jacques Berner).
Data from: A landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration
<p>This is a complete dataset for achieving results of the manuscript "<strong>A landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration</strong>". </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p> <ol> <li>Achieving global targets for forest restoration will require cost-effective strategies to return agricultural land to forest, while minimizing implementation costs and negative outcomes for agricultural production.</li> <li>We present a landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration. Across three different landscapes within Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, we modelled landscape scenarios based on spatially-explicit data on the probability of natural regeneration, restoration costs, land opportunity costs, and forest restoration outcomes for increasing carbon stocking and landscape connectivity<em>.</em> We compare benefits of our cost-reduction approach to the legally mandated riparian restoration and randomly distributed approaches.</li> <li>Compared with riparian prioritization and considering both implementation and opportunity costs, our cost-reduction scenario produced the greatest savings (20.9%) in mechanized agricultural landscapes.</li> <li>When only considering implementation costs, our cost-reduction scenario led to the highest savings (38.4%) in the landscape with highest forest cover where natural regeneration potential is highest and enables cost-effective carbon stocking and connectivity.</li> </ol> <p><em>Synthesis and applications.</em> We present a guide for forest restoration planning that maximizes specific outcomes with minimal costs and reduction of agricultural production. Furthermore, we show how policies could encourage prioritization of low-cost restoration via natural regeneration, increasing cost-effectiveness. While our study focuses on Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, the approach can be parameterized for other regions.</p> <p><strong>Resumo:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Atingir metas globais para a restauração florestal exigirá estratégias economicamente viáveis para transformar terras agrícolas em floresta, minimizando custos de implementação e os resultados negativos para a produção agrícola.</li> <li>Apresentamos uma abordagem de paisagem para otimizar a relação custo-eficácia da restauração florestal em larga escala. Em três diferentes paisagens, no Bioma da Mata Atlântica, modelamos cenários baseados em dados espacialmente explícitos sobre a probabilidade de regeneração natural, custos de restauração, custos de oportunidade da terra e resultados de restauração florestal com o objetivo de aumentar o estoque de carbono e a conectividade da paisagem. Por fim, comparamos os benefícios da nossa abordagem de redução de custos com a tradicional abordagem de restauração da paisagem em zonas ripárias (áreas de preservação permanente) e abordagens de espacialidade aleatoriamente distribuídas.</li> <li>Comparado com a priorização ripária e considerando os custos de implementação e de oportunidade, nosso cenário de redução de custos produziu as maiores economias (20,9%) em paisagens agrícolas mecanizadas.</li> <li>Ao considerar apenas os custos de implementação, nosso cenário de redução de custos levou à maior economia (38,4%) na paisagem com maior cobertura florestal, onde o potencial de regeneração natural é maior e permite uma melhor relação de custo-oportunidade no estoque de carbono e na conectividade da paisagem.</li> </ol> <p><em>Síntese e aplicações.</em> Apresentamos aqui um guia para o planejamento de restauração florestal que maximiza resultados específicos com redução de custos e mínima influência na produção agrícola. Além disso, mostramos como políticas públicas poderiam incentivar a priorização da restauração de baixo custo via regeneração natural, aumentando a relação custo-benefício. Enquanto nosso estudo se concentra na Mata Atlântica do Brasil, a abordagem pode ser parametrizada para outras regiões.</p>
South East Queensland estuaries restoration prioritisation for fish data
<p>Data used to prioritise restoration actions in estuaries in southeast Queensland, Australia</p>
Dataset sand addition stream restoration
<p>This dataset includes raw data sampled at the Leuvenumse stream, the Netherlands from 2014-2016, related to the publication entitled "Lowland stream restoration by sand addition: impact, recovery and beneficial effects on benthic invertebrates".</p>
Fig. 4 in The Use of Testate Amoebae in Monitoring Peatland Restoration Management: Case Studies from North West England and Ireland
Fig. 4. Lead content (ppm) of the top metre of peat at Holcroft Moss.
Updated dataset from "Exploring seed density and limiting similarity to reduce invasive grass performance for grassland restoration purposes"
<p>Here we aimed to compare the effect of two seed mixes and three density sowing treatments on the performance of the invasive grass Eragrostis plana, one of the major threats to the Campos Sulinos grasslands, at South Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse experiment in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The seed mixes have the same species, but differ in terms of species abundance.</p> <p>Paper Thomas et al. (2024) "Exploring seed density and limiting similarity to reduce invasive grass performance for grassland restoration purposes", published at Applied Vegetation Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12804">https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12804</a></p>
Predictors of outplanted marine bivalve survival in restoration: a review and synthesis
<p>Global declines in marine shellfish have resulted in widespread efforts to restore populations. Previous research has predominantly focused on substrate-limited rather than recruitment-limited systems, yet given increased use of aquaculture-produced stock to restore marine bivalves, there is a need to understand differences in the survival of hatchery-produced and translocated wild stock. We conducted a systematic review and synthesis of studies that quantified the survival of outplanted marine bivalves. The systematic review identified 893 unique stocking events across 111 studies for 29 species across 10 families. Most research has occurred in temperate regions (73%), across four bivalve families (Ostreidae 37%, Pectinidae 20%, Veneridae<em> </em>16%, and Mytilidae 11%). More stockings have outplanted hatchery-produced (66%) than translocated stock (34%). We conducted quantitative analyses for five species to determine how stock origin, size at outplant, outplant density, substrate co-deployment, predator exclusion, and time since outplant influences survival. Survival consistently decreased through time across all species. Substrate co-deployment, stock origin, and size at outplant did not influence survival, while predator exclusion and outplant density affected some species. Our analyses broadly demonstrate variability in the survival of outplanted bivalves through time, however predicted survival was poor after two years (<3%). Generally low survival highlights difficulties associated with conducting scalable restoration in recruitment-limited systems. Based on our findings, using hatchery-produced stock, mitigating predation, and outplanting epifaunal bivalves at high densities may increase survival probabilities when outplanting stock for restoration. Further exploration is needed to understand whether use of aquaculture-produced stock results in similar ecosystem structure, function, and service provisioning to natural and restored reefs in recruitment-limited systems.</p> <p> </p> <p>This data set is in support of the article published with the same title in the Journal of Applied Ecology. </p>
Data and Code for: Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts
<p>Code and Raw data for:</p> <p>Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts</p> <p><em>Restoration of degraded drylands is urgently needed to mitigate climate change, reverse desertification, and secure livelihoods for the two billion people who live in these areas. Bold global targets have been set for dryland restoration to restore millions of hectares of degraded land. These targets have been questioned as overly ambitious, but without a global evaluation of successes and failures, it is impossible to gauge feasibility. Here, we examine restoration seeding outcomes across 174 sites on six continents, encompassing 594,065 observations of 671 plant species. Our findings suggest reason for optimism. Seeding had a positive impact on species presence: in almost a third of all treatments, 100% of species seeded were growing at first monitoring. However, dryland restoration is risky: 17% of projects failed, with no establishment of any seeded species, and consistent declines were found in seeded species as projects matured. Across projects, higher seeding rates and larger seed sizes resulted in a greater probability of recruitment, with further influences of site aridity, taxonomic identity, and species lifeform on species success. Our findings suggest that investigations examining these predictive factors will yield more effective and informed restoration decision-making.</em></p>
Immigration credit of temperate forest herbs in fragmented landscapes – implications for restoration of habitat connectivity
<p>1. In many agricultural landscapes, it is important to restore networks of forests to provide habitat and stepping stones for forest specialist taxa. More knowledge is, however, needed on how to facilitate the immigration of such taxa in restored forest patches. Here, we present the first chronosequence study to quantify the dynamics of immigration credits of forest specialist plants in post-arable forest patches.</p> <p>2. We studied the distribution of herbaceous forest specialist plant species in 54 post-arable broadleaved forest patches along gradients of age (20-140 years since forest establishment), distance from ancient forest (0-2600 m) and patch area (0.5-9.6 ha). With Linear Mixed Models we estimated the effects of these factors on species richness, patch means of four dispersal-related plant traits and with Generalized Linear Models on the occurrence of 20 individual species.</p> <p>3. Post-arable forest patch age and spatial isolation from ancient forest, but not patch size, were important predictors for species richness of forest specialists, suggesting that also small patches are valuable for habitat connectivity. Compared to species richness in ancient forest stands, the immigration credit was reduced by more than 90% after 80 years in post-arable forest patches contiguous to ancient forest compared to 40% after 80 years and 60% after 140 years in isolated patches (at least 100 m to next forest). Tall-growing species with adaptations to long-distance dispersal were faster colonizers while species with heavy diaspores and clonal growth were slower to colonize.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: We show that post-arable oak plantations have a high potential for restoration of forest herb vegetation. Dispersal-related plant traits play a key role in explaining interspecific differences among forest specialists. To facilitate forest herb immigration across all functional groups in agricultural landscapes, we suggest to create clusters of relatively small new forest patches nearby older forest with source populations.</p>
Do early-successional weeds facilitate or compete with seedlings in forest restoration? Disentangling abiotic vs. biotic factors
<p>Census data for seedlings part of a weed exclusion experiment at Sal del Rey, Texas within a larger field where ~100,000 seedlings were planted in October-November 2018. Records seedling height, vigor (0 - dead, > 0 - alive), branching, and animal damage for 158 individuals of eight species classified by growth habit (fast/slow) and distributed in control and exclusion (mowed) plots across seven censuses.</p>
Managing biotic interactions during early seagrass life-stages to improve seed-based restoration
<p>1. Seagrasses are declining globally, and effective restoration actions to promote the recovery of degraded meadows are urgently needed. Harnessing positive plant interactions during early life stages is considered a valuable strategy to improve terrestrial and coastal habitat restoration. Yet, its application to seagrass restoration is still in infancy, and very little is known on the role played by biotic interactions in shaping newly established populations. 2. We assessed the feasibility of manipulating intra- and interspecific plant interactions to enhance seed-based restoration success using the seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanic</i>a as a model. Specifically, we investigated in mesocosm whether seed germination increased with increasing seed density and whether increasing seedling density and planting a pioneer seagrass promoted facilitation among seedlings. To do this, seedlings were grown either as a single individual or in clumps of medium and high density, with and without <i>Cymodocea nodosa</i>, for two years encompassing their most critical growth stage. 3. Germination of <i>P. oceanica</i> seeds was not affected by seed density. <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> seedlings planted at medium and high density showed higher survival than those planted individually but only in the presence of <i>C. nodosa</i>. Seedlings planted at medium and at high density with <i>C. nodosa</i> performed better than those grown at low density or without <i>C. nodosa</i> due to a positive joint effect of intra- and interspecific interaction. <i>Cymodocea nodosa</i> plants grown with<i> P. oceanica</i> seedlings at high density were larger than those grown alone, indicating a mutualistic relationship. 4. Synthesis and applications: Our results show that in seagrasses positive interactions during early life stages can be promoted by planting seedlings in dense clumps in association with an early successional species. The incorporation of this novel nature-based approach in seed-based restoration could accelerate the recolonization of degraded seagrass habitats. In planning future seed-based restoration interventions, managers should assess both intra- and interspecific interactions established by seedlings of target species for identifying proper planting density/spatial configuration and potential benefactor species promoting facilitative mechanisms to maximize seedling planting success.</p>
Beyond species richness and community composition: Using plant functional diversity to measure restoration success in jarrah forest
<p>Aim: The importance of restoring ecosystem functions to native systems that have been degraded, damaged or destroyed is increasingly recognised. Yet few studies have measured the effect of restoration efforts on ecosystem functioning or the functional diversity (FD) that underpins it. Here we assessed change in FD of restored assemblages one to 25 years after the onset of post-mine restoration.</p> <p>Location: Northern Jarrah (<i>Eucalyptus marginata</i> Donn ex Sm.) Forest bioregion of south-western Australia.</p> <p>Methods: Functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion were derived from five plant functional traits relevant to community reassembly. Effects of three explanatory variables (i.e., age, year restoration was initiated, and time since fire) on six response variables (i.e., four FD indices, species richness, and compositional similarity to nearby reference forest) were analysed using linear mixed models for a dataset with repeated measures of plots through time (n= 810 plots), and linear models for a sub-set of one-time measures of different aged assemblages (i.e., space-for-time approach; n= 490 plots).</p> <p>Results: Functional evenness and functional dispersion increased with age, while functional divergence and functional richness decreased with age. Functional dispersion increased with time since fire, while functional richness decreased with time since fire. Species richness decreased with age, but at 25-years, species richness was comparable to that observed in reference forest. In contrast, similarity showed no relationship with age of restored forest, and at 25-years, similarity of restored forest to reference was low compared with similarity of reference forest to itself. Three of four FD indices had not reached those of reference jarrah forest 25-years after restoration had been initiated.</p> <p>Conclusions: Reassembly of FD suggests importance of environmental filtering and high functional redundancy. A longer time frame may be needed to assess FD of restored assemblages, and in the meantime, species richness is not an adequate surrogate of FD.</p>
Evaluation of restoration on post–mining areas using a game theory - data
<p>Supplementary data to the article - numerical values from graphs (Fig 1-2, 5-12) + input data for calculations. The resulting NE probability values can be verified at equsis.com (outside of Fig 8, the limit is 32 cases).</p>
Data for Ferretto et al, 2021 "Naturally-detached fragments of the endangered seagrass Posidonia australis collected by citizen scientists can be used to successfully restore fragmented meadows"
<p>Please find attached the data for the manuscript "Ferretto et al, 2021" and a brief description of each file.</p>
Effects of released farmed mallards on species richness of breeding waterbirds and amphibians in natural, restored, and constructed wetlands
<p>Common practices in current game management are wetland restoration and creation, as well as releases of quarry species. We studied the impact of releases of mallard ducklings on species richness of wild waterbirds and amphibians on three types of wetlands: natural, constructed and restored. Data on species richness, macrophyte cover and water characteristics (total phosphorous and pH) were collected at 32 sites in an agricultural landscape in southern Sweden. In total, 14 species of waterbirds were recorded, ranging from zero to seven per wetland and survey. Amphibians were present in 24 of the 32 wetlands; in total five species were found, ranging from zero to three per wetland. By using generalized linear modelling we found that wetland type best predicted waterbird species richness. Constructed wetlands had significantly more waterbird species, regardless of whether they were used for mallard releases or not. There were breeding amphibians in 62% of natural, 100% of restored and 77% of constructed wetlands. Breeding amphibians were present in 84% of wetlands without, and in 62% of wetlands with releases. However, included variables did not explain amphibian species richness in the wetlands. Releasing large numbers of mallards on a wetland and providing food ad libitum is likely to affect water quality, nutrient availability and predation pressure. Indeed, phosphorous levels were significantly higher in release wetlands, but no differences were found between wetland types.This means that mallard releases may increase nutrient loads in environments that are already eutrophied. However, in our study system releases did not influence species richness of waterbirds and amphibians locally. Constructing wetlands for mallard releases can thus have positive local effects on species richness.</p>
Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing
<p>Fire exclusion and mismanaged grazing are globally important drivers of environmental change in mesic C<sub>4</sub> grasslands and savannas. Although interest is growing in prescribed fire for grassland restoration, we have little long-term experimental evidence of the influence of burn season on the recovery of herbaceous plant communities, encroachment by trees and shrubs, and invasion by exotic grasses. We conducted a prescribed fire experiment (seven burns between 2001 and 2019) in historically fire-excluded and overgrazed grasslands of central Texas. Sites were assigned to one of four experimental treatments: summer burns (warm season, lightning season), fall burns (early cool season), winter burns (late cool season), or unburned (fire exclusion). To assess restoration outcomes of the experiment, in 2019, we identified old-growth grasslands to serve as reference sites. Herbaceous-layer plant communities in all experimental sites were compositionally and functionally distinct from old-growth grasslands, with little recovery of perennial C<sub>4</sub> grasses and long-lived forbs. Unburned sites were characterized by several species of tree, shrub, and vine; summer sites were characterized by certain C<sub>3</sub><span> </span>grasses and forbs; and fall and winter sites were intermediate in composition to the unburned and summer sites. Despite compositional differences, all treatments had comparable plot-level plant species richness (range 89–95 species/1000 m<sup>2</sup>). At the local-scale, summer sites (23 species/m<sup>2</sup>) and old-growth grasslands (20 species/m<sup>2</sup>) supported greater richness than unburned sites (15 species/m<sup>2</sup>), but did not differ significantly from fall or winter sites. Among fire treatments, summer and winter burns most consistently produced the vegetation structure of old-growth grasslands (e.g., mean woody canopy cover of 9%). But whereas winter burns promoted the invasive grass<span> </span><i>Bothriochloa ischaemum</i><span> </span>by maintaining areas with low canopy cover, summer burns simultaneously limited woody encroachment and controlled<span> </span><i>B. ischaemum</i><span> </span>invasion. Our results support a growing body of literature that shows that prescribed fire alone, without the introduction of plant propagules, cannot necessarily restore old-growth grassland community composition. Nonetheless, this long-term experiment demonstrates that prescribed burns implemented in the summer can benefit restoration by preventing woody encroachment while also controlling an invasive grass. We suggest that fire season deserves greater attention in grassland restoration planning and ecological research.</p>
Multispecies modelling reveals potential for habitat restoration to re-establish boreal vertebrate community dynamics
<p>1. The restoration of habitats degraded by industrial disturbance is essential for achieving conservation objectives in disturbed landscapes. In boreal ecosystems, disturbances from seismic exploration lines and other linear features have adversely affected biodiversity, most notably leading to declines in threatened woodland caribou. Large-scale restoration of disturbed habitats is needed, yet empirical assessments of restoration effectiveness on wildlife communities remain rare.</p> <p>2. We used 73 camera trap deployments from 2015-2019 and joint species distribution models to investigate how habitat use by the larger vertebrate community (>0.2 kg) responded to variation in key seismic line characteristics (line-of-sight, width, density and mounding) following restoration treatments in a landscape disturbed by oil and gas development in northeastern Alberta.</p> <p>3. The proportion of variation explained by line characteristics was low in comparison to habitat type and season, suggesting short-term responses to restoration treatments were relatively weak. However, we predicted that lines with characteristics consistent with restored conditions would support altered community composition, with reduced use by wolf and coyote, thereby indicating that line restoration will result in reduced contact rates between caribou and these key predators.</p> <p>4. Our analysis provides a framework to assess and predict wildlife community responses to emerging restoration efforts. With the growing importance of habitat restoration for caribou and other vertebrate species, we recommend longer-term monitoring combined with landscape-scale comparisons of different restoration approaches to more fully understand and direct these critical conservation investments. Only by combining rigorous multispecies monitoring with large-scale restoration will we effectively conserve biodiversity within rapidly changing environments.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.