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publicMay 2017View details →

Data from: Ecosystem memory of wildfires affects resilience of boreal mixedwood biodiversity after retention harvest

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publicMay 2020View details →

Data from: Temporally-variable predation risk and fear retention in Trinidadian guppies

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publicFeb 2020View details →

Data from: Retention forestry influences understory diversity and functional identity

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publicAug 2021View details →

The Kanyakla Study: Randomized controlled trial of a microclinic social network intervention for promoting engagement and retention in HIV care in rural western Kenya

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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Computer Aided Design (CAD) files for capillaric circuit with 4 retention burst valves

AutoCAD design file and STL file for capillaric circuit with 4 retention burst valves.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Exploring whole-genome duplicate gene retention with complex genetic interaction analysis

Whole-genome duplication has played a central role in genome evolution of many organisms, including the human genome. Most duplicated genes are eliminated and factors that influence the retention of persisting duplicates remain poorly understood. Here, we describe a systematic complex genetic interaction analysis with yeast paralogs derived from the whole-genome duplication event. Mapping digenic interactions for a deletion mutant of each paralog and trigenic interactions for the double mutant provides insight into their roles and a quantitative measure of their functional redundancy. Trigenic interaction analysis distinguishes two classes of paralogs, a more functionally divergent subset and another that retained more functional overlap. Gene feature analysis and modeling suggest that evolutionary trajectories of duplicated genes are dictated by combined functional and structural entanglement factors.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The genetics of egg retention and fertilization success in Drosophila: one step closer to understanding the transition from facultative to obligate viviparity

Oviparous, facultative egg retention enables Drosophila females to withhold fertilized eggs in their reproductive tracts until circumstances favor oviposition. The propensity to retain fertilized eggs varies greatly between species, and is correlated with other reproductive traits, such as egg size and ovariole number. While previous studies have described the phenomenon, no study to date has characterized within-species variation or the genetic basis of the trait. Here, we develop a novel microscope-based method for measuring egg retention in Drosophila females and determine the range of phenotypic variation in mated female egg retention in a subset of 91 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines. We inferred the genetic basis of egg retention using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Further, the scoring of more than 95,000 stained, staged eggs enabled estimates of fertilization success for each line. We found evidence that ovary- and spermathecae-related genes as well as genes affecting olfactory behavior, male mating behavior, male-female attraction and sperm motility may play a crucial role in post-mating physiology. Based on our findings we also propose potential evolutionary routes towards obligate viviparity. In particular, we propose that the loss of fecundity incurred by viviparity could be offset by benefits arising from enhanced mate discrimination, resource specialization, or modified egg morphology.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Suburban watershed nitrogen retention: estimating the effectiveness of stormwater management structures

Excess nitrogen (N) is a primary driver of freshwater and coastal eutrophication globally, and urban stormwater is a rapidly growing source of N pollution. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) are used widely to remove excess N from runoff in urban and suburban areas, and are expected to perform under a wide variety of environmental conditions. Yet the capacity of BMPs to retain excess N varies; and both the variation and the drivers thereof are largely unknown, hindering the ability of water resource managers to meet water quality targets in a cost-effective way. Here, we use structured expert judgment (SEJ), a performance-weighted method of expert elicitation, to quantify the uncertainty in BMP performance under a range of site-specific environmental conditions and to estimate the extent to which key environmental factors influence variation in BMP performance. We hypothesized that rain event frequency and magnitude, BMP type and size, and physiographic province would significantly influence the experts' estimates of N retention by BMPs common to suburban Piedmont and Coastal Plain watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay region. Expert knowledge indicated wide uncertainty in BMP performance, with N removal efficiencies ranging from <0% (BMP acting as a source of N during a rain event) to >40%. Experts believed that the amount of rain was the primary identifiable source of variability in BMP efficiency, which is relevant given climate projections of more frequent heavy rain events in the mid-Atlantic. To assess the extent to which those projected changes might alter N export from suburban BMPs and watersheds, we combined downscaled estimates of rainfall with distributions of N loads for different-sized rain events derived from our elicitation. The model predicted higher and more variable N loads under a projected future climate regime, suggesting that current BMP regulations for reducing nutrients may be inadequate in the future.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Early life nutritional quality effects on adult memory retention in a parasitic wasp

Nutritional quality during early life can affect learning ability and memory retention of animals. Here we studied the effect of resource quality gained during larval development on the learning ability and memory retention of 2 sympatric strains of similar genetic background of the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae: one uninfected and one infected by Wolbachia. Wolbachia is a common arthropod parasite/mutualistic symbiont with a range of known effects on host fitness. Here we studied, for the first time, the interaction between resource quality and Wolbachia infection on memory retention and resource acquisition. Memory retention of uninfected wasps was significantly longer when reared on high quality hosts when compared to low quality hosts. Furthermore, uninfected wasps emerging from high quality hosts showed higher values of protein and triglyceride than those emerging from low quality hosts. In contrast, the memory retention for infected wasps was the same irrespective of host quality, although retention was significantly lower than uninfected wasps. No significant effect of host quality on capital resource amount of infected wasps was observed, and infected wasps displayed a lower amount of protein and triglyceride than uninfected wasps when reared on high quality hosts. This study suggests that the nutritional quality of the embryonic period can affect memory retention of adult wasps not infected by Wolbachia. However, by manipulating the host's obtained capital resource amount, Wolbachia could enable exploitation of the maximum available resources from a range of hosts to acquire suitable performance in complex environments.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Long-term impacts of variable retention harvesting on ground-layer plant communities in Pinus resinosa forests

Concerns about loss of biodiversity and structural complexity in managed forests have recently increased and led to the development of new management strategies focused on restoring or maintaining ecosystem functions while also providing wood outputs. Variable Retention Harvest (VRH) systems, in which mature overstorey trees are retained in various spatial arrangements across harvested areas, represent one potential approach to this problem. However, long-term evaluations of the effectiveness of this strategy at sustaining plant community composition are needed as this strategy is increasingly applied in managed forest landscapes throughout the world. The forest ground layer plays a central role in forest ecosystem functioning and we evaluated the long-term (11+ year) dynamics in ground-layer plant communities in response to VRH study in Pinus resinosa Aiton. forests. This large-scale, manipulative study included four overstorey (control, small gap-aggregated, large gap-aggregated and dispersed) and two understorey (ambient and reduced shrubs) treatments replicated four times in 16 ha stands. Changes in ground-layer community composition were apparent 11 years following harvest, regardless of live-tree retention pattern. Richness and diversity increased and were driven by introduction and colonization of ruderal species, while forest interior species continued to persist across treatments. All life-forms responded positively to harvest with the exception of moss and clubmoss species. The lack of effect of spatial pattern of retention on ground-layer plant communities was likely related to the presence of a dense and persistent shrub layer, a result of decades of fire suppression. In particular, the greatest responses to overstorey retention pattern occurred in areas receiving shrub reduction treatments, indicating this recalcitrant layer likely filtered response to retention pattern. Synthesis and applications. Overall, this work highlights flexibility in choosing a Variable Retention Harvest (VRH) approach when sustaining ground-layer plant community diversity and composition are goals, but altered disturbance regimes (e.g. fire suppression, timber harvesting) that have facilitated the presence or formation of recalcitrant understories, need to be considered. The legacy effects of historical land use and alterations to natural disturbance regimes on the understorey in northern temperate forests are of equal, if not greater importance to overstorey retention patterns, in eliciting desired responses to VRH and need to be more carefully considered in future applications of this method.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: No enhancement of 24-hour visuomotor skill retention by post-practice caffeine administration

Caffeine is widely consumed throughout the world and appears to indirectly facilitate learning and memory through effects on attention and motivation. Animal work indicates that post-training caffeine administration augments inhibitory avoidance memory, spatial memory, and object memory. In humans, post-training caffeine administration enhances the ability to discern between familiar images and new, similar images. However, the effect of post-training caffeine administration on motor memory has not been examined. Therefore, we tested two groups of low caffeine consumers (average weekly consumption ≤500 mg) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving acquisition of a continuous isometric visuomotor tracking skill. On Day 1, subjects completed 5 blocks (150 repetitions) of training on the continuous isometric visuomotor skill and subsequently ingested either 200 mg of caffeine or placebo. On day 2, subjects completed an additional 5 blocks of training. Day 1 mean performance and performance variability were both similar between groups, suggesting that both groups acquired the motor skill similarly. For mean performance on Day 2, patterns of re-learning, mean performance learning magnitudes, mean performance learning rates, and mean performance retention magnitudes were all similar between groups. For performance variability on Day 2, there was a small trend towards increased variability in the caffeine group during re-learning, but performance variability learning magnitudes and performance variability retention magnitudes did not differ between groups. Because motor skill acquisition can also be conceptualized as a reduction in performance variability, these results suggest that there may be a small negative effect of post-practice caffeine administration on memory of a newly-learned visuomotor skill. Overall, we found no evidence to suggest that post-training caffeine administration enhances 24-hour retention of a newly-learned continuous visuomotor skill, and these results support the notion that memory-enhancing effects of post-training caffeine ingestion may be task-specific.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Functional amyloids promote retention of public goods in bacteria

The growth and virulence of bacteria depends upon a number of factors that are secreted into the environment. These factors can diffuse away from the producing cells, to be either lost or utilized by cells that do not produce them (cheats). Mechanisms that act to reduce the loss of secreted factors through diffusion are expected to be favoured. One such mechanism may be the production of Fap fibrils, needle-like fibres on the cell surface observed in P.aeruginosa, which can transiently bind several secreted metabolites produced by cells. We test whether Fap fibrils help retain a secreted factor, the iron-scavenging molecule pyoverdine, and hence reduce the potential for exploitation by non-producing, cheating cells. We found that: (1) wildtype cells retain more iron-chelating metabolites than fibril non-producers; (2) purified Fap fibrils can prevent the loss of the iron-chelators PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) and pyoverdine; and (3) pyoverdine non-producers have higher fitness in competition with fibril non-producers than with wildtype cells. Our results suggest that by limiting the loss of a costly public good, Fap fibrils may play an important role in stabilizing cooperative production of secreted factors.

openNov 2023View details →

Data and code for the publication "Assessing the Behavior of Microplastics in Fluvial Systems: Infiltration and Retention Dynamics in Streambed Sediments" - Part 2(2)

openNov 2023View details →

Data and code for the publication "Assessing the Behavior of Microplastics in Fluvial Systems: Infiltration and Retention Dynamics in Streambed Sediments" - Part 1(2)

BackgroundThe dataset contains data on Microplastic transport experiments run in an experimental flume of the University of Bayreuth. It was analysed in the paper by J.P. Boos, F. Dichgans, J.H. Fleckenstein, B.S. Gilfedder and S. Frei, "Assessing the Behavior of Microplastics in Fluvial Systems: Infiltration and Retention Dynamics in Streambed Sediments", currently under review in Water Resources Research Description of the datasetThis dataset is the main dataset used for the analysis. There is a twin archive connected to this one, which contains the dataset which was used for the individual particle detection routines (10.5281/zenodo.10081788). The files have to be downloaded and merged into the folder structure.The following data is included<ul><li>individual experimental data and results in the folders<ul><li>210812 (10 µm, coarse sand, low-flow)</li><li>220727 (1 µm, coarse sand, low flow)</li><li>220803 (3 µm, coarse sand, low-flow)</li><li>220818 (1 µm, fine sand, low-flow)</li><li>220901 (1 µm, coarse sand, high-flow)</li></ul></li><li>Comparison (comparing individual results of the experiments)</li><li>Scripts (contains the individual matlab scripts)</li><li>labbook.xlsx (contains metadata on the experiments, which are read out in the matlab scripts)</li></ul> Description of the codeThe matlab scripts *.m contain the code to read and analyse all experimental data. The scripts are divided for the different input file types.<ul><li>Main scripts to analyze experimental data<ul><li>Experiment_Main.m Main routine for individual experiments, reading and analysing Fluorometer, Levelogger, Flowmeter, Ultrasonics PIV</li><li>Experiment_Main_Compare.m Comparison of individual experiment results</li></ul></li><li>FIS-dataset<ul><li>FIS_Cal_Individual.m: Realizes individual calibrations of one experiment</li><li>FIS_Cal_Result.m: Merges individual calibrations of one experiment</li><li>Experiment_FIS.m: Load data of one experiment, detect interfaces. Followed by<ul><li>Experiment_FIS_1pix: Individual particle detection (for 10 µm experiment, no binning)</li><li>Experiment_FIS_10pix: Particle cloud analysis (all experiments, binning 10 Pix * 10 Pix)</li></ul></li><li>Experiment_FIS_10pix_compare.m: Compare results of particle cloud analysis for all experiments.</li></ul></li><li>Fluo-data<ul><li>Fluo_Cal.m Realizes calibration for Fluorometer devices</li></ul></li><li>PIV-dataset<ul><li>PIV_individual.m Individual analysis of Particle Image Velocimetry (in total 9 different subdatasets, from 3 camera positions, and each 3 different illumination positions)</li><li>PIV_merge.m Merge 9 individual results of PIV for a result for one experiment</li></ul></li><li>Profiler-dataset<ul><li>Profiler.m  Analyses data from bedform profiling (merging individual measurements after the experiment)</li><li>Profiler_Compare.m Compares bedform elevations and metrics between the 5 experiments (acquired after the experiment)</li><li>Profiler_Time.m Analyses temporal change of bedform elevation during the experiment</li></ul></li></ul> DisclaimerThe data and code are provided as is without any warranty. FundingFunded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) -– Project Number 391977956 –- SFB 1357.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Fitness benefit plays a vital role in the retention of the Pi-ta susceptible alleles

In plants, large numbers of R genes, which segregate as loci with alternative alleles conferring different resistance to pathogens, have been maintained over a long evolutionary time. In theory, there seem to be no reason for hosts to harbor susceptible alleles in view of their null contribution to resistance. As such, why should populations support disease-susceptible individuals along with disease-resistant individuals? In rice, a single copy gene Pi-at segregates for two expressed clades of alleles, one resistant and the other susceptible. We simulated loss-of-function of the Pi-ta susceptible allele using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to detect subsequent fitness changes and obtained insights into fitness effects on retention of the Pi-ta susceptible allele. Our creation of artificial knockout of the Pi-ta susceptible allele suffered a fitness decline of up to 49% in term of filled grains yield upon the loss of Pi-ta's function. The Pi-ta susceptible alleles might serve as an off-switch to the downstream immune signaling, thus contributing to fine-tuning of plant defense response. These findings highlight the interplay between genetic architecture and fitness effects of segregating R gene alleles and also provide a plausible explanation how host genomes can tolerate the possible genetic load associated with a vast repertoire of R genes. This attempt to evaluate the fitness effect of the R gene in crop will bring some clues to researchers and breeders that not all disease resistant genes will bring fitness cost as universally acknowledged.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Dataset- Characterization of Maxillary Canine Retention in Pediatric Patients in Ciego de Avila

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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Differential diagenesis, retention and release of phosphorus between shallow and deep reservoirs in a cascade reservoir system

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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2005View details →

Figure 2 in Embryo retention, character optimization, and the origin of the extra-embryonic membranes of the amniotic egg

Figure 2. Distribution of random trees (out of 10,000) versus number of steps required by the distribution of developmental characters. (a) Character 1 (presence or absence of extended embryo retention). The reference tree requires three steps (*) for this character. (b) Character 2 (developmental stage at oviposition, with ordered states). The reference tree requires nine steps (*) for this character. Note that for both characters, many random trees require no more steps than the reference tree, thus implying that there is no phylogenetic signal in these characters.

opencc-by-4.0May 2013View details →

Figures 52-57 from: Burke A (2013) Six new species of Cymatodera from Mexico and Central America and the retention of Cymatodera obliquefasciata as a valid name (Cleridae, Tillinae). ZooKeys 299: 49-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.299.4359

Figures 52-57 - Male genitalia of: 52 Cymatodera rosalinae 53 Cymatodera capax 54 Cymatodera sinuosa 55 Cymatodera vittata 56 Cymatodera rubida 57 Cymatodera limatula. Scale bars = 500 µ.