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1,051 results for “ring”
Tree Rings, Glacial Lakes State Park Site 1, Minnesota
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in ms
Tree Rings, Glacial Lakes State Park Site 2, Minnesota
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in ms
Tree Rings, Glacial Lakes State Park Site 3, Minnesota
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in ms
Tree Rings, Mound Prairie Scientific and Natural Area, Minnesota
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in ms
Tree Rings, Uncas Dunes Scientific and Natural Area, Minnesota
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth will be most important for systems already at plant physiological limits, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range distribution. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and WUE at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant WUE increased by ~13-25% over the course of the 20th century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher WUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to 25-65% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar age and size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. Both the decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, we find that while higher WUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of over 50%. These products are used in the manucript, Heilman et al., 2020, Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Submitted for review. The tree rings in this data package and those in ms
Thistle-down velvet ants in the Desert Mimicry Ring and the evolution of white coloration: Müllerian mimicry, camouflage, and thermal ecology
Adaptive coloration among animals is one of the most recognizable outcomes of natural selection. Here we investigate evolutionary drivers of white coloration in velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), which has previously been considered camouflage with the fruit of creosote bush. Our analyses indicate instead that velvet ants evolved white coloration millions of years before creosote bush was widespread in North America's hot deserts. Furthermore, velvet ants and the creosote fruit exhibit different spectral reflectance patterns, which appear distinct to potential insectivorous predators. While the white coloration in velvet ants likely did not evolve as camouflage, we find that white-colored species remain cooler than their red/orange relatives, and therefore we infer the white coloration likely evolved in response to Neogene desertification. This study shows the importance of cross-disciplinary investigation and the importance of testing multiple hypotheses when investigating evolutionary drivers of adaptive coloration.
Stacked Dense Denoise-Segmentation FBP synthetic reconstruction from 3601 projection without ring artefacts
<p>The FBP recontruction without ring artefacts from the 3601 projection of the synthetic dataset used in the Stacked Dense Denoise-Segmentation Network. For the reconstruction the TomoPhantom software was used (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2546856">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2546856</a>). We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for the time on I13-2 under proposal mt9396.</p> <div> </div>
OpenDRIVE dataset of the inner ring road in Brunswick
<p>This OpenDRIVE dataset contains a highly detailed model of the inner-city ring road of Brunswick, primarily to be used in driving simulation applications. The raw data has been surveyed in 2012 with the transformation/annotation into OpenDRIVE having been finalised 2015-03-25.</p> <p>The data has been acquired in the context of the project <a href="https://www.dlr.de/ts/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-6422/#gallery/25304">Application Platform for Intelligent Mobility (AIM)</a>.</p>
Direct Observational Evidence of the Simultaneous Excitation of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves and Magnetosonic Waves by an Anisotropic Ring Distribution
<p>dataset of "Direct Observational Evidence of the Simultaneous Excitation of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves and Magnetosonic Waves by an Anisotropic Proton Ring Distribution"</p>
Plant species fed on by wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at nine sites
<p>A key aspect of a primate's ecology is its food source – the very nature of which is spatially and seasonally dependent, and may be affected by anthropic pressures. One of the most endangered, yet best-studied, strepsirrhine primates is the ring-tailed lemur (<i>Lemur catta</i>) – a species that has experienced significant human-induced habitat loss over many decades. To help understand feeding variability across time and space, I present a literature review of plant species (and parts) fed on by ring-tailed lemurs at nine sites in Madagascar: Ambatotsirongorongo, Andringitra Massif, Anja Reserve, Antserananomby, Berenty Reserve, Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, Cap Sainte-Marie, Tsaranoro Valley Forest, and Tsimanampetsotsa National Park. I gathered literature using keyword searches on Google Scholar (<a href="https://scholar.google.com/">https://scholar.google.com/</a>), and verified scientific names using the "Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar" (<a href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Project/Madagascar">http://legacy.tropicos.org/Project/Madagascar</a>). From 24 studies, I identify 221 genera and 241 species of consumed plants, with 92 genera and 70 species consumed at two or more sites. Based on the available distribution data, 63% of species are endemic and 22% native. Sixty-seven plants are known only by Malagasy common names and excluded from analyses. When authors identify the plant tissue consumed, 52% of species in the diet are represented by a single tissue type, typically leaves (mature and immature) or fruit (ripe or unripe). This review highlights the importance of studying multiple populations when creating dietary summaries of species and should prove valuable to those exploring ecological trends and habitat use by ring-tailed lemurs.</p>
FIGURES 22–26 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 22–26. Antepipona dictatoria Selis, sp. nov., ♀. 22, Habitus in dorsal view. 23, Head in frontal view. 24, Head in dorsal view. 25, Scutellum and metanotum in posterodorsal view. 26, Metasoma in lateral view.
FIGURES 17–21 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 17–21. Antodynerus breviclypeus Selis, sp. nov., ♀. 17, Habitus in dorsal view. 18, Head in frontal view. 19, Head in dorsal view. 20, Metasoma in dorsal view. 21, Metasoma in lateral view.
FIGURES 15–16 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 15–16. Aedeagus in ventral and lateral view. 15, Antodynerus dictatorius (Giordani Soika, 1935). 16, Antodynerus imitator Selis, sp. nov.
FIGURES 1–7 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 1–7. Antodynerus dictatorius (Giordani Soika, 1935). 1–3, 6, ♀. 4–5, 7, ♂. 1, Habitus in dorsal view. 2, 4, Head in frontal view. 3, Head in dorsal view. 5, F5–F11 in lateral view. 6, Tegula in dorsal view. 7, T2–T3 in dorsal view.
FIGURES 8–14 in On generic placement of Odynerus dictatorius Giordani Soika and its mimicry ring (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
FIGURES 8–14. Antodynerus imitator Selis, sp. nov. 8–10, 13, ♀. 11–12, 14, ♂. 8, Habitus in dorsal view. 9, 11, Head in frontal view. 10, Head in dorsal view. 12, F4–F11 in lateral view. 13, Tegula in dorsal view. 14, T2–T3 in dorsal view.
FIGS. 1–4. Amplaria nazinta, A. crawfordi. Figs. 1–3. Amplaria nazinta. Fig. 1. Rings 8 and 9, lateral view. Fig. 2. Gonopods, anterior view. Fig. 3. Legpair 9, anterior view. Fig. 4. A. crawfordi, right leg 9 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. II. New records and species of the genus Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)
FIGS. 1–4. Amplaria nazinta, A. crawfordi. Figs. 1–3. Amplaria nazinta. Fig. 1. Rings 8 and 9, lateral view. Fig. 2. Gonopods, anterior view. Fig. 3. Legpair 9, anterior view. Fig. 4. A. crawfordi, right leg 9, anterior view.
Integrating stable isotopes, parasite and ring-reencounter data to quantify migratory connectivity - a case study with Barn Swallows breeding in Switzerland, Germany, Sweden and Finland
<p>Ecosystems around the world are connected by seasonal migration. The migrant animals themselves are influenced by migratory connectivity through effects on the individual and the population level. Measuring migratory connectivity is notoriously difficult due to the simple requirement of data conveying information about the non-breeding distribution of many individuals from several breeding populations. Explicit integration of data derived from different methods increases the precision and the reliability of parameter estimates.</p> <p>We combine ring-reencounter, stable isotope and blood parasite data of Barn Swallows <i>Hirundo rustica</i> in a single integrated model to estimate migratory connectivity for three large scale breeding populations across a latitudinal gradient from Central Europe and Scandinavia. To this end, we integrated a non-Markovian multi-state mark-recovery model for the ring-reencounter data with normal and binomial mixture models for the stable isotope and parasite data.</p> <p>The integration of different data sources within a mark-recapture modelling framework enables the most precise quantification of migratory connectivity on the given broad spatial scale. The results show that northern breeding populations and Southern Africa as well as southern breeding populations and Western-Central Africa are more strongly connected through Barn Swallow migration than central European breeding populations with any of the African wintering areas. The non-breeding distribution of Barn Swallows from central European breeding populations seems to be a mixture of those populations breeding further North and South, indicating a migratory divide.</p>
Data from: EuMIXFOR empirical forest mensuration and ring width data from pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) through Europe
This data set provides unique empirical data from triplets of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across Europe. Dendrometric variables are provided for 32 triplets, 96 plots, 7555 trees and 4695 core samples. These data contribute to our understanding of mixed stand dynamics.
Data from: The complex phylogeography of the Indo-Malayan Alophoixus bulbuls with the description of a putative new ring species complex
The Indo-Malayan bioregion has provided some of the most spectacular discoveries of new vertebrate species (e.g. saola, khanyou, bare-faced bulbul) over the last 25 years. Yet, very little is known about the processes that led to the current biodiversity in this region. We reconstructed the phylogeographic history of a group of closely related passerines, the Alophoixus bulbuls. These birds are continuously distributed in Indo-Malaya around the Thailand lowlands such that their distribution resembles a ring. Our analyses revealed a single colonization event of the mainland from Sundaland with sequential divergence of taxa from southwest to northeast characterized by significant gene flow between parapatric taxa, and reduced or ancient gene flow involving the two taxa at the extremities of the ring. We detected evidence of population expansion in two subspecies, including one that was involved in the closing of the ring. Hence, our analyses indicate that the diversification pattern of Alophoixus bulbuls fits a ring species model driven by geographic isolation. To our knowledge, the Alophoixus bulbuls represent the first case of a putative broken ring species complex in Indo-Malaya. We also discuss the implications of our results on our understanding of the biogeography in Indo-Malaya.
Data from: Ring distributions leading to species formation: a global topographic analysis of geographic barriers associated with ring species
BACKGROUND: In the mid 20th Century, Ernst Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky championed the significance of circular overlaps or ring species as the perfect demonstration of speciation, yet in over 50 years since only a handful of such taxa are known. We developed a topographic model to evaluate whether the geographic barriers that favor processes leading to ring species are common or rare, and to predict where other candidate ring barriers might be found. RESULTS: Of the 952,147 geographic barriers identified on the planet, only about 1% are topographically similar to barriers associated with known ring taxa, with most of the likely candidates occurring in under-studied parts of the world (e.g., marine environments, tropical latitudes). Predicted barriers separate into two distinct categories: (i) single cohesive barriers (<50,000 km2), associated with taxa that differentiate at smaller spatial scales (salamander: Ensatina eschscholtzii; tree: Acacia karroo); and (ii) composite barriers – formed by groups of barriers (each 184,000 to 1.7 million km2) in close geographic proximity (totaling 1.9 to 2.3 million km2) – associated with taxa that differentiate at larger spatial scales (birds: Phylloscopus trochiloides and Larus [sp. argentatus and fuscus]). When evaluated globally, we find a large number of cohesive barriers that are topographically similar to those associated with known ring taxa. Yet, compared to cohesive barriers, an order of magnitude fewer composite barriers are similar to those that favor ring divergence in species with higher dispersal. CONCLUSIONS: While these findings confirm that the topographic conditions that favor evolutionary processes leading to ring speciation are in fact rare, they also suggest that many understudied natural systems could provide valuable demonstrations of continuous divergence towards the formation of new species. Distinct advantages of the model are that it (i) requires no a priori information on the relative importance of features that define barriers, (ii) can be replicated using any kind of continuously distributed environmental variable, and (iii) generates spatially explicit hypotheses of geographic species formation. The methods developed here – combined with study of the geographical ecology and genetics of taxa in their environments – should enable recognition of ring species phenomena throughout the world.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.