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Figure 3 in Paraleuctra cervicornis (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), a new stonefly from China

Figure 3. Paraleuctra cervicornis Du and Qian sp. nov. Terminal abdominal segments of male, lateral view.

Figure 4 in Paraleuctra cervicornis (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), a new stonefly from China

Figure 4. Paraleuctra cervicornis Du and Qian sp. nov. Terminal abdominal segments of female, ventral view.

Figure 2 in Paraleuctra cervicornis (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), a new stonefly from China

Figure 2. Paraleuctra cervicornis Du and Qian sp. nov. Terminal abdominal segments of male, ventral view.

Figure 1 in Paraleuctra cervicornis (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), a new stonefly from China

Figure 1. Paraleuctra cervicornis Du and Qian sp. nov. Terminal abdominal segments of male, dorsal view.

FIGURE 11. Capnia s.l in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 11. Capnia s.l. sp. (female) a. Terminalia after 10% NaOH treatment, ventral view. b. Terminalia after 10% NaOH treatment, oblique lateral view.

FIGURE 9. Capnia s.l. yunnana Li in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 9. Capnia s.l. yunnana Li & Yang (male). a. Epiproct, dorsal view. b. Epiproct, lateral view.

FIGURE 8 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 8. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins (female). a. Terminalia, ventral view. b. Sternite 8, ventral view. c. Vagina, dorsal view. d. Vagina, lateral view. Abbreviations: S7: Sternite 7, S8: Sternite 8, S9: Sternite 9 (postgenital plate), T9: Tergite 9, seg8: segment 8.

FIGURE 7. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, females from Sejilashan. a. & c. Forewing. b. & d in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 7. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, females from Sejilashan. a. & c. Forewing. b. & d. Hindwing.

FIGURE 6 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 6. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, male and female from Mt. Duoxiongla. a. Forewing (male). b. Hindwing (male). c. Forewing (female). d. Hindwing (female).

FIGURE 4 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 4. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins (male, cerci removed). a. Epiproct, dorsal view. b. Epiproct, lateral view. c. Epiproct, anterolateral view. d. Epiproct and dorsal tergum 10, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 2. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins (male). a. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Abdomen, lateral view. c. Abdomen, dorsal view. d. Foreleg, lateral view. e. Midleg, lateral view. f. Hindleg, lateral view.

FIGURE 1. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins. a. Male adult habitus, dorsal view. b in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 1. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins. a. Male adult habitus, dorsal view. b. Female adult habitus, dorsal view.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

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Data from: Repeated alpine flight loss within the widespread New Zealand stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens

Flight loss is a common feature of upland insect assemblages, with recent studies detecting parallel wing reduction events across independent alpine lineages. However, the geographic scale over which such repeated evolution can operate remains unclear. In this study, we use genotyping-by-sequencing to assess the genomic relationships among vestigial-winged and full-winged populations of the widespread New Zealand stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens, to test for repeated wing loss events over small spatial scales. Biogeographic analyses indicate that alpine wing loss in this widespread species is restricted to a single, narrow mountain range. Intriguingly, our coalescent analyses indicate that upland vestigial-winged N. fulvescens populations are not sister to one another, suggesting wings have been lost independently in disjunct populations of this species, over a <30 km scale. Our results suggest that selection against flight above the alpine treeline can drive rapid and repeated adaptation even across narrow spatial scales. We propose that such repetitive processes may represent a far more pervasive feature of alpine insect adaptation than is currently recognised.

Fig. 4 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 4. (A) STRUCTURE plots (K = 2 and K = 3) of Nesoperla fulvescens from three sites across the Tararua Range, based on 39,642 SNP markers. Each vertical bar represents an individual, with color indicating the inferred genomic cluster.The anomalous full-winged individuals from Field and Dundas are indicated with stars (B) The estimated proportion of migrants (+95% HPD intervals) to and from each N. fulvescens population on theTararua Range, derived from BA3-SNPs.

Fig. 3 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 3. COI haplotype network of Nesoperla fulvescens from five locations. Each circle represents a haplotype, and circles are scaled by size according to the number of sequenced individuals per haplotype. Haplotypes are colored by locality (see key). Uninterrupted lines in the network represent single step mutations. Small open circles indicate hypothetical intermediate (unsampled) haplotypes.

Fig. 2 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 2. (A) Map of Nesoperla fulvescens sampling sites from in southern North Island, New Zealand. (B) Principal component analyses, based on 39,642 SNP markers, demonstrating the genomic divergence among different N. fulvescens populations. Individuals are colored by geographic location (from A). Vestigialwinged ecotypes are marked with an asterisk.

Fig. 1 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 1. (A) An alpine grassland tributary of the Hector River (elevation 1350 m above sea-level) on Mt Field,Tararua Range (North Island, New Zealand), where vestigial-winged Nesoperla fulvescens were collected; (B) A vestigial-winged N. fulvescens male from Mt Field; (C) National collection records of N. fulvescens, illustrating the narrow distribution of vestigial-winged ecotypes (Tararua Range).

Fig. 5 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Fig. 5. Coalescent analyses support parallel flight loss events in Nesoperla fulvescens across different portions of theTararua Range. Competing demographic scenarios (A–C) were assessed with DIYABC-RF, with the level of support noted under each scenario (time is not to scale). Stars indicate inferred wing-reduction events, assuming a winged ancestor. Divergence estimates for the scenario with the highest support (outlined) were calculated with DIYABC-RF.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2023View details →

FIGURE 16 in The little-known larval morphology of two stoneflies of Styloperlidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) in China

FIGURE 16. Cerconychia flectospina Wu, 1962, male larva. (A) Left foreleg, dorsal view. (B) Left foreleg, ventral view. (C) Left midleg, dorsal view. (D) Left midleg, ventral view. (E) Left hind leg, dorsal view. (F) Left hind leg, ventral view. (G) Details on apex of left hind leg, dorsal view. Scale bars, 0.5 mm.