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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Integrated Machine Learning model in Early Urban Flooding Warning System - Data
<p>AI_DATA.npy - Inundation data (mm) generated from MIKE+ model that has been converted to numpy array</p> <p>INDEX.npy - The index where inundation is > 0 </p> <p>source.tif - Source tif image for creating map from ML models</p>
Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements
<p>The following datasets were used to carry out the analyses in "Disentangling the influence of reservoir abundance and pathogen shedding on zoonotic spillover of the Leptospira agent in urban informal settlements". </p> <p>rat_abundance.csv - dataset for rat abundance model.</p> <p>rat_shedding.csv - dataset for individual rat shedding model.</p> <p>human_infections.csv - dataset for human infections (coordinates and valley removed for anonymity).</p> <p>prediction_grid.csv - prediction dataset.</p> <p>Codebook for repository data.pdf - codebook for the included datasets.</p>
IuliaMargineanGitHub/Projecting-Heat-Stress-Vulnerable-Populations-at-Intra-Urban-Scales: Projecting heat stress vulnerable populations at intra-urban scales
<p>This repository provides the data and scripts necessary for full reproduction of results, as well as example datasets that were used for data generation and analysis in the manuscript Marginean et al., "High-resolution Modelling and Projecting Local Dynamics of Differential Vulnerability to Urban Heat Stress".</p> <p>The folders in this repository contain the following:</p> <ol> <li>The input datasets: <ul> <li>shares of educational attainment in 2012 and 2020, by sex, age group and census tract</li> <li>internal migration by sex, age group and census tracts</li> <li>decadal mortality and fertility, by sex, age group, scenario, and census tract</li> </ul> </li> <li>Projected decadal data (2012 to 2050) by sex, age group, scenario and census tract</li> <li>Scripts for generating high resolution projections for three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): one script for SSP 2 projections and one scripts for SSP 1 and SSP 3 projections</li> <li>Example input data to reconstruct the projections in SSP 1, 2 and 3 for females ages 25 to 64</li> </ol>
The TU Delft Urbanism Integrated Knowledge Paradigm
<p>TU Delft Urbanism Integrated Knowledge Paradigm Model</p> <p>Logics of inquiry are underlying epistemological frameworks or approaches researchers adopt when conducting their studies (Stainton-Rogers, 2006). They represent different perspectives on how we acquire, justify, and evaluate knowledge. This speaks to the importance of <strong>interdisciplinary knowledge</strong> in addressing complex urban challenges.</p> <p>At the Delft University of Technology (and in the Netherlands more broadly), <strong>Urbanism</strong> is an interdisciplinary activity that involves planning and designing sustainable, inclusive urban spaces through the integration of design, social sciences, and physical sciences (Rocco et al., 2009).</p> <p>The<strong> Physical Sciences</strong> (Positivist paradigm) address the environmental and technical aspects of urbanism. They involve the application of principles from disciplines such as geography, ecology, and engineering to understand and manage the physical underpinnings of urban spaces (Rosenberg, 2005).</p> <p>The <strong>Social Sciences</strong> (Constructivist or critical paradigm) entail understanding the human and societal factors that shape urban environments. They include the study of social dynamics, governance, policy-making, and the economic and cultural contexts of urban development (Giddens, 1993). </p> <p>Finally, the <strong>Design</strong> Paradigm (Pragmatic or Creative paradigm) speaks to the creative and practical aspects of urban planning and design that are propositional and future-oriented. It involves the conceptualisation and visualisation of spatial interventions and processes to improve urban environments (Biggs et al., 2009; Biggs & Büchler, 2008; Roggema, 2017).</p> <p>These logics of inquiry reflect diverse philosophical orientations and worldviews, leading researchers to formulate research questions and choose methodologies that align with their chosen approach. For example, let us look at these three different research questions stemming from the canals of Amsterdam:</p> <p>1. ”How can the efficiency of water management in the canals of Amsterdam be improved to better serve the city's flood prevention needs?” (Positivist/ Pragmatic)</p> <p>2. "How does the municipality of Amsterdam organise the governance of its canals, and who are the main stakeholders involved?” (Constructivist)</p> <p>3. “What are competing claims over the canals of Amsterdam in terms of mobility, water management, leisure and identity? How can urban planning and policy address these competing claims?” (Critical)</p> <p>It is obvious that each of the Research Questions stems from a different logic of inquiry and that they consequently require different methods to be answered. This connection between logic of enquiry, research questions and methods employed to answer them is absolutely crucial.</p> <p><strong>Positivism</strong> is the prevalent logic of enquiry in engineering (Romero et al., 2013). It is rooted in the belief that objective knowledge can be obtained through empirical observation and quantitative methods. Research under this logic inquiry aims to identify causal relationships and generalisable patterns in the data. Quantitative methods such as surveys, experiments and statistical analyses are commonly employed to collect and analyse data in a controlled manner (Rosenberg, 2005). The critique of the positivist logic of inquiry centres on its pretence neutrality (Bird, 2018). Positivism generally assumes a single “universal” perspective (male, Eurocentric, patriarchal). The positivist paradigm pretends culture, gender, values, and politics don’t influence real-world issues, hiding biases & conflict under the guise of “neutrality” (Okasha, 2002). Positivism generally doesn’t take alternative ways of knowing into account (feminist/ black/ queer/Indigenous/anti-capitalist/migrant, etc.). As a consequence, it commonly disdains non-expert knowledge.</p> <p>The<strong> Constructivist </strong>logic of inquiry is prevalent in the political sciences, economics, governance studies and, more recently, in the understanding of socio-technical systems that address the interrelationships between actors, institutions and technologies (Giddens, 1993; Okasha, 2002; Shannon-Baker, 2023). In this perspective, knowledge is actively constructed by individuals and influenced by their experiences and interpretations. It resonates with understanding the complex interplay between actors, institutions, spaces, and technologies. From this perspective, research explores how individuals and societies conceive, interact with, and shape real-world issues. This perspective commonly uses qualitative methods, case studies, and narrative analysis. It often emphasises stakeholders' expectations, behaviours, skills, and perspectives (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). Critics point out that constructivists often pay insufficient attention to causality and may underestimate the power of technology to shape behaviour.</p> <p>The <strong>Critical</strong> logic of inquiry draws heavily from sociology, ethnography, and political economy, as well as from critical theory (Hartimo et al., 2019). This perspective seeks to uncover and challenge prevailing social arrangements, structures, and institutions. This paradigm addresses issues of power, governance, and justice (Giddens, 1993). It utilises qualitative methods, critical discourse analysis, and participatory action research. It prioritises addressing social and spatial inequalities through changes in process, governance, and political action<strong>. </strong>The main critique of this logic of inquiry is that it may remain in the diagnosis phase, often failing to advance solutions (Stainton-Rogers, 2006).</p> <p>The <strong>Pragmatic</strong> logic of inquiry is expressed in design and engineering disciplines (Duram, 2010). It emphasises practical problem-solving and seeks suitable methods for addressing real-world issues. It deals with understanding and managing systems, including their interrelationships and the impacts of human activities. It commonly uses a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods (surveys, modelling, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating natural and social sciences) and makes ample use of case studies. Issues with the pragmatic logic of inquiry involve the common overlooking of culture, governance and values, with little concern for real-world implementation to which a constructivist approach would contribute (Biggs & Buchler, 2008).</p> <p>It is beyond the scope of this exercise to define <strong>Design</strong>, as it involves a wide variety of activities and areas of application (urban design being only one of them) (Biggs & Büchler, 2008; Jong & Duin, 2002; Marchand & Walker, 2009; Oosterhuis, 2009). <strong>Design</strong> can be understood in its broader conceptualisation as not only the physical design of artefacts or spaces but also process design, institutional design, user interface design, service design and more. A common characteristic of all areas of design is being future-oriented, problem-solving, and propositional</p> <p>For the purpose of the discussion here, I will define design as the creative process of conceptualising and creating solutions that address specific needs or challenges based on evidence and research, integrating functionality, aesthetics, and usability within cultural, social, and environmental contexts (Biggs et al., 2009).</p> <p>Design could be said to be creative and pragmatic, often going from problem to solution (sometimes too quickly). However, a "good" design (and there are many conceptions of "good" we could employ) can be said to address all the logics of enquiry mentioned here. "Good" design is technically sound, functional and rooted in data (Positivism). "Good" design is concerned with the material chains necessary for the production of the design and its reuse, recycling, upcycling and the overall ethical and political implications of its production, use, and discharge (Critical). It is also informed by the rich array of human experiences, perspectives and cultures (Constructivist). "Good" design addresses real-world issues and is environmentally sustainable (Pragmatic). "Good" design is innovative, creative, and often aesthetically attractive (Creative). Urban design, for instance, aims to transform urban spaces into more equitable, sustainable, and livable environments (Pragmatic+Critical+Constructivist) (Roggema, 2017).</p> <p>The <strong>Creative</strong> paradigm or logic of inquiry, particularly in the context of design disciplines, propels design forward due to its inherent flexibility and capacity for innovation. It allows for the integration of diverse perspectives, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration that can lead to holistic and innovative solutions to complex challenges. This paradigm encourages thinking outside of the box, enabling the exploration of novel ideas and approaches that are both practical and forward-thinking. It values the synthesis of functionality, aesthetics, and usability, ensuring that solutions are not only effective but also culturally and contextually relevant (Rocco et al., 2009).</p> <p>However, this creative approach is also deeply challenging from a scientific perspective (DeWitt, 2004). Its emphasis on rapid problem-solving and future-oriented solutions can sometimes lead to a superficial understanding of underlying issues, bypassing thorough empirical analysis and theoretical rigour . This rush to solutions may overlook the nuances of cultural, social, and environmental contexts, potentially leading to interventions that are not sustainable or that fail to address root causes. Moreover, the subjective nature of creative processes can introduce biases, making it challenging to ensure replicability and objectivity, which are core tenets of scientific inquiry. Thus, while the creative paradigm fosters innovation and practical application, it must be balanced with rigorous empirical methods and a critical approach to ensure comprehensive and scientifically sound outcomes (Stainton-Rogers, 2006). This is not for nothing; this is the very point of the model proposed here.</p> <p>These challenges are particularly pronounced when these processes are solitary, leading to solutions that reflect a single perspective rather than a collective, plural and comprehensive understanding of the issue at hand (Biggs et al., 2010). Such an approach can result in irrational confidence in the effectiveness of designs, neglecting the complexity and diversity of real-world contexts. To address this shortcoming, designers can integrate rigorous research methods and embrace co-design practices.</p> <p>Co-design, also known as participatory design, involves collaborating with stakeholders, including users, community members, and other relevant parties, throughout the design process (Roggema, 2017). This approach ensures that multiple perspectives are considered, leading to more inclusive and contextually appropriate solutions. By engaging in co-design, designers can mitigate the risk of one-sided solutions, fostering a more democratic and effective design process that values the input and experiences of all participants. This collaborative effort not only enhances the relevance and sustainability of design outcomes but also builds trust and empowerment among stakeholders, making the design process more transparent and accountable.</p> <p><strong>Note</strong>:</p> <p>I owe an awful lot to the <a href="https://www.delftdesignforvalues.nl/"><em>Delft Design for Values Institute</em></a> and the Section of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology in my conceptualisation of "good design". I realise the discussion in this text was very brief, but scholars like Ibo van de Poel, Stefan Koller, and Peter Kroes have thought long and hard about these issues and have produced scholarship that helps us discuss what "good design" is.</p> <p>The issue of the academisation of design practice is ongoing, but advances have been made in the last decades, especially in England, Sweden and other countries where there is an established community of reflective design practitioners. I had the honour to integrate the <strong>Research Into Practice</strong> group at Hertfordshire University in the UK under the leadership of Professor Michael Biggs and Daniela Buchler, where these issues were discussed in depth. Please have a look at the references for some of the scholarship produced.</p> <p>References: </p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Biggs, M., & Buchler, D. (2008). Eight Criteria for practice-based research in the creative and cultural industries. <em>Art, Design and Education in Higher Education</em>,<em> 7</em>(1), 5-18. <a href="https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.1386/adch.7.1.5_1">https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1386/adch.7.1.5_1</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Biggs, M., Buchler, D., & Rocco, R. (2009). Design Practice and Research: Interconnections and the criterion-based approach. European Academy of Design: Design Connexity, Aberdeen.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Biggs, M., Buchler, D., Rocco, R., & Schjerven, C. (2010, 15-17 November 2010). The production of academic research and some barriers to academicisation in the creative and performing arts. ICERI 2010, Madrid.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Biggs, M. A. R., & Büchler, D. (2008). Architectural Practice and Academic Research. <em>Nordic Journal of Architectural Research</em>,<em> 20</em>(1), 83-94. <a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1640258.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1640258.pdf</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Bird, A. (2018). <em>Thomas Kuhn</em>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 10 January 2025 from <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/">https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). <em>Designing and conducting mixed methods research</em>. SAGE. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0610/2006008436.html">http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0610/2006008436.html</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">DeWitt, R. (2004). <em>Worldviews : an introduction to the history and philosophy of science</em>. Blackwell Pub. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip047/2003018208.html">http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip047/2003018208.html</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Duram, L. A. (2010). Pragmatic Study. In <em>Encyclopedia of Research Design</em> (pp. 1073-1075). SAGE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n326">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n326</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Giddens, A. (1993). <em>New rules of sociological method : a positive critique of interpretative sociologies</em> (2nd ed.). Stanford University Press. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Hartimo, M., Kjosavik, F., & Linnebo, Ø. (2019). Introduction to special issue on ‘critical views of logic’. <em>Inquiry</em>,<em> 65</em>(6), 631-637. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2019.1651077">https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2019.1651077</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Jong, T. M. d., & Duin, L. v. (2002). Design research. In T. M. D. Jong & D. J. M. Voordt (Eds.), <em>Ways to study and research</em>. DUP Science. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Marchand, A., & Walker, S. (2009). Designing in Design Research: From solving problems to exploring issues. European Academy of Design: Design Connexity, Aberdeen.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Okasha, S. (2002). <em>Philosophy of science : a very short introduction</em>. Oxford University Press. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Oosterhuis, R. (2009). <em>The role of design in planning</em>. TU Delft, Urbanism. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Rocco, R., Biggs, M., & Buchler, D. (2009, 2009). A Pedagogical Proposal in an Area of Epistemological Uncertainty. PROJETAR, Sao Paulo.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Roggema, R. (2017). Research by Design: Proposition for a Methodological Approach. <em>Urban Science</em>,<em> 1</em>(2), 1-19. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Romero, P., Rojas, K., & Rojas, C. (2013). Postpositivism, Positivist and Engineering. <em>International Journal of Engineering Research and Development</em>,<em> 9</em>(1), 05-06. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Rosenberg, A. (2005). <em>Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction</em>. Routledge. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Shannon-Baker, P. (2023). Philosophical underpinnings of mixed methods research in education. In R. J. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. Ercikan (Eds.), <em>International Encyclopedia of Education (Fourth Edition)</em> (pp. 380-389). Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.11037-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.11037-1</a></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Stainton-Rogers, W. (2006). Logics of Enquiry. In S. Potter (Ed.), <em>Doing Postgraduate Research, Volume 13</em> (pp. 73-91). Sage. </span></p> <p> </p>
Dataset: Urban One, Inc. (UONEK) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: Urban One, Inc. (UONE) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: Urban Outfitters, Inc. (URBN) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: urban-gro, Inc. (UGRO) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Urban carbon uptake from COS fluxes, Helsinki 2023 Dataset
<h3>Dataset Description: Urban Carbon Uptake by Vegetation</h3> <p>This dataset contains a collection of measurements relevant to the study of carbon uptake by urban vegetation, and is used by Soininen et al (to be published, embargoed until publishing). The data were acquired in Helsinki, Finland, between 1st May and 31st October 2023. Dataset contents are as follows:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Eddy Covariance Data</strong>: Continuous measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes at SMEAR III (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations; https://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/stations/ES_FI-Kmp)</li> <li><strong>Meteorological Measurements</strong>: Key parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and photosynthetically active radiation measured at SMEAR III eddy covariance tower and closeby building roof top</li> <li><strong>Soil Measurements</strong>: Data on soil temperature and volumetric soil water content, measured in the Kumpula botanic garden premises</li> <li><strong>Leaf Area Index (LAI)</strong>: Derived from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, this data provides information on vegetation density used in a parameterization to connect COS flux to photosynthetic CO2 uptake</li> <li><strong>Traffic Data</strong>: Information on traffic rate and average speeds observed on the study area used to estimate anthropogenic CO2 emissions</li> <li><strong>Land Use Data</strong>: Detailed mapping of land use types, enabling spatial analysis of vegetation distribution</li> </ul>
Behavioural changes in the city: the common black garden ant defends aphids more aggressively in urban environments
<p>Data and R code to analyse changes in aphid and ant populations and behaviour along a gradient of urbanisation in Berlin, Germany. This release is associated to a publication in preparation and includes the updated R code used for publication:</p> <p>Gaber, H., Ruland, F, Jeschke, J. & Bernard-Verdier, M. (2024) Behavioural changes in the city: the common black garden ant defends aphids more aggressively in urban environments. <em>Ecology & Evolution</em> (publication details will soon be added)</p>
Fig. 3 in Glass Buildings As Bird Feeders: Urban Birds Exploit Insects Trapped By Polarized Light Pollution
Fig. 3. Timing of foraging visits of European magpie (Pica pica) to the northern building of the Eötvös University as detected by a web camera from 17:00 h on 16 May to 20:00 h on 23 May in 2007. Arrow lengths represent the proportion of all visits made during a particular hour over the
Fig. 2 in Glass Buildings As Bird Feeders: Urban Birds Exploit Insects Trapped By Polarized Light Pollution
Fig. 2. (A) Hovering white wagtail (Motacilla alba) catching caddis flies from a window. (B) House sparrow (Passer domesticus) capturing caddis flies from a vertical glass surface. (C) Great tit (Parus major) standing on a window's edge and catching caddis flies. (D) European magpie (Pica pica) on
Fig. 1 in Glass Buildings As Bird Feeders: Urban Birds Exploit Insects Trapped By Polarized Light Pollution
Fig. 1. (A) The southern (left arrow) and northern (right arrow) building of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Eötvös University in Budapest seen from the river Danube. (B) Mass-swarming caddis flies (Hydropsyche pellucidula, white dots) at the vertical glass surfaces of the northern building. (C) "Well-laid table" for urban birds: caddis fly imagoes (black dots) landed on white (untinted) and black (tinted) vertical glass surfaces. (D) An adult caddis fly landed on the outside surface of a window photographed from outside. (E) A copulating caddis fly pair on the outside surface of a window
GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS)
<h1><strong>Important note: If you get a message that .zip archive is corrupt, please try updating WinRAR or <em>right-click the folder and</em> <em>select Extract All on Windows or use unzip command on Linux terminal</em>. If the issue persists, email: kamath.harsh@utexas.edu</strong></h1> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong> </p> <p>We introduce GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS), a dataset providing building heights and urban canopy parameters (UCPs) for major cities worldwide. UT-GLOBUS combines open-source spaceborne altimetry (ICESat-2 and GEDI) and coarse resolution urban canopy elevation data with a random forest model to estimate building-level information. Validation using LiDAR data from six U.S. cities showed UT-GLOBUS-derived building heights had an RMSE of 9.1 meters, and mean building height within 1-km² grid cells had an RMSE of 7.8 meters. Testing the UCPs in the urban Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Urban) model resulted in a significant improvement (~55% in RMSE) in intra-urban air temperature representation compared to the existing table-based local climate zone approach in Houston, TX. Additionally, we demonstrated the dataset's utility for simulating heat mitigation strategies and building energy consumption using WRF-Urban, with test cases in Chicago, IL, and Austin, TX. Street-scale mean radiant temperature simulations using the SOlar and LongWave Environmental Irradiance Geometry (SOLWEIG) model, incorporating UT-GLOBUS and LiDAR-derived building heights, confirmed the dataset’s effectiveness in modeling human thermal comfort at Baltimore, MD (daytime RMSE = 2.85°C). Thus, UT-GLOBUS can be used for modeling urban hazards with significant socioeconomic and ecological risks, enabling finer scale urban climate simulations and overcoming previous limitations due to the lack of building information.</p> <p><strong>Data</strong></p> <p>We are also supplying a vector file to represent the data coverage, and this file will receive updates as data for new city is added. Building-level data is accessible in vector file format (GeoPackage: .gpkg), which can be converted into raster file format (geoTIFF). These formats are compatible with the SUEWS and SOLWEIG models for the simulation of urban energy balance and thermal comfort. The vector files employ the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. Both the vector and raster files are compatible with GIS platforms like QGIS and ArcGIS and can be imported for analysis using programming languages such as Python. We are also providing UCPs required by the BEP-BEM urban model in the urban WRF system in binary file format. Additionally, we provide the urban fractions calculated using ESA world cover dataset (https://esa-worldcover.org/en) for WRF model in binary file format. These files can be directly incorporated into the WRF pre-processing system (WPS). The UT-GLOBUS UCPs are determined using a moving kernel with a size of 1 km2 and spacing of 300 meters in both the X and Y directions</p> <p><strong>Data coverage</strong></p> <p>The 'Coverage_xxxx.gpkg' files provide that geographical extents of cities that are included in our dataset.</p> <p><strong>How to find your city in the UT-GLOBUS dataset</strong></p> <p>Open the 'coverage' geopackage (.gpkg) files in QGIS or ArcGIS. Click on the city polygons and get the 'Label'/City name. Find a folder with the same 'Label'/City name. All the data for the periticular city will be in the folder.</p> <p><strong>How to run BEP-BEM model in WRF using UT-GLOBUS urban canopy parameters</strong></p> <div>Step 0: Before compiling WRF, go to 'dyn_em' folder and open 'module_initialize_real.F'.</div> <div>Change line 3121 (in version 4.5.2): </div> <div>From </div> <div>grid%HI_URB2D(i,k,j) = grid%URB_PARAM(i,k+117,j) </div> <div>To</div> <div>grid%HI_URB2D(i,k,j) = grid%URB_PARAM(i,k+117,j)*100.</div> <div> </div> <div>1. Change the name of the binary files 'ufrac' and 'urb_param' inside 'urb_fra' and 'GLOBUS_morph' folders, respectively to 00001-tile_x.00001-tile_y.</div> <div>Values for tile_x and tile_y can be found in the index file inside the 'urb_fra' and 'GLOBUS_morph' folders. Make sure to append zeros before tile_x and tile_y values to make 5 digits. </div> <div>Ex: tile_x = 260 and tile_y = 219; Then the binary files should be renamed as 00001-00260.00001-00209 </div> <div> </div> <div>2. Copy the 'urb_fra' and 'GLOBUS_morph' folders to WRF static data directory.</div> <div> </div> <div>3. Change the paths to 'URB_PARAM' and 'FRC_URB2D' variables inside GEOGRID.TBL file as follows:</div> <div> </div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=URB_PARAM</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> optional=yes</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> z_dim_name=num_urb_params</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/GLOBUS_morph/</div> <div> flag_in_output=FLAG_URB_PARAM</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=FRC_URB2D</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> optional=yes</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/urb_fra/</div> <div> flag_in_output=FLAG_FRC_URB2D</div> <div>===============================</div> <div> </div> <div>4. Run geogrid.exe. If the domain covers the chosen city:</div> <div> -- 'FRC_URB2D' variable will show the urban fraction.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[91,:,:]' will show the plan area fraction.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[94,:,:]' will show the area averaged building heights.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[95,:,:]' will show the building surface to total area fraction.</div> <div> -- 'URB_PARAM[118-132,:,:]' will show the building height histograms with 5-meter bin size.</div> <div> </div> <div>5. If you see the data in 'FRC_URB2D' and 'URB_PARAM' variables after running the geogrid.exe, GLOBUS data is ingested in WPS and you can continue with ungrib and metgrid as usual.</div> <div> </div> <div>6. For running the model over the domain area which covers more that one city, UT-GLOBUS UCPs can be stitched together. For instance, if two cities are covered in the domain, step number 3 should be modified as follows:</div> <div> </div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=URB_PARAM</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> z_dim_name=num_urb_params</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path=Your_WPS_static_data_folder/GLOBUS_morph_for_city-1/ </div> <div>flag_in_output=FLAG_URB_PARAM</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=FRC_URB2D</div> <div> priority=1</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/urb_fra_for_city-1/</div> <div> flag_in_output=FLAG_FRC_URB2D</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=URB_PARAM</div> <div> priority=2</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> z_dim_name=num_urb_params</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/GLOBUS_morph_for_city-2/</div> <div>===============================</div> <div>name=FRC_URB2D</div> <div> priority=2</div> <div> dest_type=continuous</div> <div> fill_missing = 0.</div> <div> interp_option=default:nearest_neighbor</div> <div> abs_path= Your_WPS_static_data_folder/urb_fra_for_city-2/</div> <div>===============================</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>References</strong></div> <div> <ol> <li>Skamarock, W., Klemp, J., Dudhia, J., Gill, D., Liu, Z., Berner, J., Wang, W., Powers, J., Duda, M., Barker, D., Huang, X., 2021. A Description of the advanced research WRF model.</li> <li>Martilli, A., Clappier, A., Rotach, M.W., 2002. An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models. Boundary Layer Meteorol 104, 261–304. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016099921195</li> <li>Sun, T., Grimmond, S., 2019. A Python-enhanced urban land surface model SuPy (SUEWS in Python, v2019.2): Development, deployment and demonstration. Geosci Model Dev 12, 2781–2795. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2781-2019</li> <li>Lindberg, F., Holmer, B., Thorsson, S., 2008. SOLWEIG 1.0 - Modelling spatial variations of 3D radiant fluxes and mean radiant temperature in complex urban settings. Int J Biometeorol 52, 697–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-008-0162-7</li> <li>Software: QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/)</li> </ol> </div>
Figure 1 in Perceptions of the Andean condor in the urban population of Ecuador
Figure 1. Study site, highlights the sierra region of Ecuador and the Antisana National Park (Antisana N. P.).
Figura 2 in Perceptions of the Andean condor in the urban population of Ecuador
Figura 2. Modelo logístico que explica la probabilidad de identificación del cóndor andino por parte de la población urbana del Ecuador. P = probabilidad; línea gris = mujeres; línea negra = hombres.
Flower production and water infiltration in LandKlif experimental urban grassland plots
<p><span>Mixtures of grassland communities (three different compositions varying in composition of grasses and forbs) were sown in field experimental areas (56 plots, 2 x 4 m each) in Munich and Weihenstephan in 2020. In June and August 2021, flower production of dicotyledonous, richness of dicotyledonous species in bloom, and soil water infiltration were measured in the plots, as a proxy to ecosystem functions related to resource offer to pollinators and water regulation. For integrity of the database, all field experimental units of this study are associated to Plot ID 7835_1_U, but the variable PlotID is deprecated. </span></p> <p><span>LandKlif is funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts within the Bavarian Climate Research Network (bayklif). Within the five year funding period of bayklif, five interdisciplinary senior research associations and five junior research groups are be financed with a total sum of 18 million Euro. LandKliF, as one of the five interdisciplinary senior research associations, addresses the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in semi-natural, agricultural and urban landscapes.</span></p>
Biomass production of experimental grassland communities in urban context within LandKlif project
<p><span>Mixtures of grassland communities (three different compositions) were sown in urban experimental areas to compare in biodiversity and functioning to standard urban lawns (56 plots, 2 x 4 m each) in Munich and Weihenstephan in 2020. Two samples (20 x 20 cm) per experimental plot were clipped in August 2021, sorted by functional type, oven-dried and weighed. For integrity of the database, all field experimental units of this study are associated to Plot ID 7835_1_U</span>, but the variable PlotID is deprecated.</p> <p>LandKlif is funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts within the Bavarian Climate Research Network (bayklif). Within the five year funding period of bayklif, five interdisciplinary senior research associations and five junior research groups are be financed with a total sum of 18 million Euro. LandKliF, as one of the five interdisciplinary senior research associations, addresses the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in semi-natural, agricultural and urban landscapes.</p>
Fig. 6 in Urban Green Areas, Recreational Use And Health Impact Of Victory Gardens (Córdoba - Spain)
Fig. 6. Daily pollen concentrations of the principal pollen types in the city of Córdoba during 2017, related to ornamental flora in the Gardens of Victory.
Fig. 2 in Urban Green Areas, Recreational Use And Health Impact Of Victory Gardens (Córdoba - Spain)
Fig. 2. Aerial photo of the Victory Gardens (Google earth) and architectural plan (own elaboration).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.