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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
Fig. 7 in Integrative approach clarifies the distinct taxonomic account of gryloblattids endemic to Hokkaido, Japan, with a description of two new species (Insecta, Grylloblattodea)
Fig. 7. Arctigalloisiana poropnetopa sp. nov., holotype female (B2-407746). (A) head and pronotum, dorsal view. (B) same, lateral view. (C) head, ventral view. (D) cervical sclerite, ventral view. (E) left antenna, dorsal view. (F) ovipositor, dorsal view. (G) same, lateral view. Scales: A–D, F–G, 1 mm; E, 0.5 mm.
Fig. 10 in Integrative approach clarifies the distinct taxonomic account of gryloblattids endemic to Hokkaido, Japan, with a description of two new species (Insecta, Grylloblattodea)
Fig. 10. Genitalia of Arctigalloisiana yubariensis sp. nov., paratype male (B2-446670). (A) Ventral view. (B) Posterior view. (C) Left, lateral view. (D) Right, lateral view. Scale bar, 1 mm.
Data from: the two faces of secondary contact on islands: introgressive hybridization between endemics and reproductive interference between endemics and introduced species
<p>Aim: Hybridization is thought to have played an important role in shaping the evolutionary history of diverse island taxa. Here, we propose an ecological and evolutionary framework for understanding the causes and consequences of heterospecific mating on islands – with and without introgressive hybridization. We use this framework to support our main contention that cases of secondary contact among endemic species should commonly result in introgressive hybridization whereas cases of contact between endemic and introduced species should commonly result in reproductive interference – resulting in two qualitatively different faces of secondary contact on islands.</p> <p>Location: Canary Islands, Galapagos, New Zealand, Caribbean, and Hawaii.</p> <p>Taxa: 705 vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species spanning 167 genera and 99 families.</p> <p>Methods: Using a quantitative analysis of empirical research on secondary contact on islands, we weigh evidence for the drivers of secondary contact and heterospecific mating on islands. In particular, we compare cases of secondary contact between endemic species versus secondary contact between endemic and introduced species.</p> <p>Results: We find that three main drivers of secondary contact and heterospecific mating on islands most frequently reported in the literature are disturbance, long-distance (e.g. inter-island) dispersal, and compromised assortative mating. We find support for the hypothesis that introgression is a more common outcome between endemic species while reproductive interference is a more common outcome between endemic and introduced species.</p> <p>Main conclusions: We conclude that there are biological reasons to predict secondary contact and heterospecific mating to be common on islands for all taxa, but that the consequence of secondary contact is categorically different for contact between endemic species and contact between endemic and introduced species. We conclude that the former likely explains the apparent frequency of hybridization on islands, while the latter presents a cryptic and underappreciated conservation threat.</p>
FIGURE 6. A in Kalanchoe deliae (K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species from the Barberton Centre of Endemism in northeastern southern Africa
FIGURE 6. A scorched specimen of Kalanchoe deliae at its type locality after a veld fire moved through its natural grassland habitat. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 4 in Kalanchoe deliae (K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species from the Barberton Centre of Endemism in northeastern southern Africa
FIGURE 4. Comparison of the flowers of a selection of representatives of K. sect. Raveta in lateral view: K. luciae (two flowers on the left), K. thyrsiflora (two flowers to the right of those of K. luciae), K. crouchii (two flowers to the right of those of K. thyrsiflora), and K. deliae (two flowers on the right). Note that the flowers of K. deliae have the longest sepals by far, with the sepals in some cases being virtually as long as the corolla tube. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 3 in Kalanchoe deliae (K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species from the Barberton Centre of Endemism in northeastern southern Africa
FIGURE 3. Plants of Kalanchoe deliae (left) and K. luciae (right) of the same age grown under uniform conditions. Leaves of K. deliae are light green, ± flat, and sometimes floppily wavy, while those of K. luciae are strongly red-infused and firm. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 5 in Kalanchoe deliae (K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species from the Barberton Centre of Endemism in northeastern southern Africa
FIGURE 5. Comparison of the flowers of a selection of representatives of K. sect. Raveta viewed from the mouth: K. luciae (two flowers on the left), K. thyrsiflora (two flowers to the right of those of K. luciae), K. crouchii (two flowers to the right of those of K. thyrsiflora), and K. deliae (two flowers on the right). The adaxial corolla lobe surface of K. deliae is light green and light rusty brownish-infused towards tips, and the margins are usually paler. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 1 in Kalanchoe deliae (K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species from the Barberton Centre of Endemism in northeastern southern Africa
FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe deliae from central-east Mpumalanga, South Africa. A. Lower, leafy section of a stem. The opposite-decussate, amplexicaul, erect to slightly erectly spreading leaves are infused with rusty brown along the leaf margins only. B. Leaves are light green, obovate to broadly elliptic, sometimes very slightly curved up along margins and have a ± cuneate base that is sometimes very slightly auriculate. C. Roots are fibrous to slightly thickened and the stems are a uniform light green colour. D. The erect to leaning, club-shaped inflorescences are apically dense- and many-flowered. E. The flowering portion of the inflorescences is 110–130(–150) mm long and the branches are borne oppositely, with the branches slanted away from the main flowering stem at an angle of 10–15°. The internodes are very short, so yielding dense-clustered inflorescences. F. All plant parts are densely white-wax-covered. The adaxial surface of the corolla lobes are light green and light rusty brownish-infused towards the tips, with the margins usually paler. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe luciae. A in Kalanchoe deliae (K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new species from the Barberton Centre of Endemism in northeastern southern Africa
FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe luciae. A. Plant in flower. The inflorescence has a dense white-wax covering. B. Pseudo-rosette showing intensely red-infused leaves. C. Terminal portion of an inflorescence. The internodes are long, so yielding inflorescences with ± regularly spaced flower clusters. D. The adaxial corolla lobe surface varies from white, as here, to pale yellowish. In orientation the corolla lobes generally vary from strongly reflexed to completely flattened against the corolla tube, as here. Note how the corolla tubes bulge in the centre. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.
Endemic island plant-herbivore interactions: Kamehameha butterfly (Nymphalidae) and Hawaiian Urticaceae
<p>Insect-plant interactions are less well studied than other types of herbivory on islands, precluding a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary ecology of these interactions. Declines in native island plants and insects call for urgent attention to characterize these species' interactions for their conservation and to better understand evolution in these unique, insular ecosystems. In Hawai'i, the Kamehameha butterfly (<em>Vanessa tameamea</em>) is one of only two native butterflies, and larvae are specialists on native urticaceous plants. Using a no-choice bioassay, we investigated performance of <em>V. tameamea</em> reared from egg hatching through eclosion on four native urticaceous host plants, <em>Boehmeria grandis</em>, <em>Pipturus albidus</em>, <em>Touchardia latifolia</em>, and <em>Touchardia oahuensis</em>, and one exotic urticaceous species, <em>Cecropia obtusifolia</em>. Performance varied significantly among the plant diets, with <em>V. tameamea</em> performing best on <em>P. albidus</em> and <em>T. oahuensis</em> among the performance metrics of survival, pupal and adult body mass, and development time. Larval responses to the exotic host plant <em>C. obtusifolia </em>varied among populations, with O'ahu caterpillars successfully completing development on it, but Hawai'i Island caterpillars rejecting it completely, suggesting a geographic mosaic for this novel species interaction. Characterization of a suite of nutritive and defensive plant traits revealed significant variability among plant species, but patterns did not align well with <em>V. tameamea </em>performance rankings, making it difficult to identify key drivers of host plant quality. Future work examining additional plant traits under natural conditions would provide new insights, contributing critical ecological information to conserve this charismatic island species.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Walter HE, Cádiz-Véliz A, Meriño BM, Villalobos-Barrantes HM, Guerrero PC (2024) Taxonomic dissection based on molecular evidence of the Eriosyce curvispina complex (Cactaceae): identifying nine endemic species from Central Chile. PhytoKeys 237: 117-139. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.107403
New accessions of taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses, including their laboratory code, population locality, and GenBank numbers
FIGURE 1 in Range extension of the Honduran endemic killifish Tlaloc portillorum (Matamoros & Schaefer 2010) (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae): new records from the upper reaches of the Patuca and Choluteca Rivers
FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Honduras showing localities where Tlaloc portillorum has been collected. Dashed lines depict major river basin borders (basin names in blue font with white background). Major city names in uppercase and bold font. (B) Photograph of live specimen of T. portillorum (5.5 cm standard length) from the Guacerique River (longitude= -87.109, latitude= 14.033), a tributary of the Choluteca River basin. (C) Habitat of T. portillorum. From the Guacerique River, tributary of the Choluteca River basin (longitude -87.111, latitude 14.032).
Data for: Climatic and management-related drivers of endemic European spruce bark beetle populations in boreal forests
<p>Climate change is already reducing carbon sequestration in Central European forests dramatically through extensive droughts and bark beetle outbreaks. Further warming may threaten the enormous carbon reservoirs in the boreal forests in northern Europe, unless disturbance risks can be reduced by adaptive forest management. The European spruce bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em>) is a major natural disturbance agent in spruce-dominated forests and can overwhelm the defences of healthy trees through pheromone-coordinated mass-attacks.</p> <p>We used an extensive dataset of bark beetle trap counts to quantify how climatic and management-related factors influence bark beetle population sizes in boreal forests. Trap data was collected during a period without outbreaks and can thus identify mechanisms that drive populations towards outbreak thresholds.</p> <p>The most significant predictors of bark beetle population size were volume of mature spruce, extent of newly exposed clearcut edges, temperature, and soil moisture. For clearcut edge, temperature, and soil moisture, a three-year time lag produced the best model fit. We demonstrate how a model incorporating the most significant predictors, with a time lag, can be a useful management tool by allowing spatial prediction of future beetle population sizes.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and Applications</em>: Some of the population drivers identified here, i.e., spruce volume and clearcut edges, can be targeted by adaptive management measures to reduce the risk of future bark beetle outbreaks. Implementing such measures may help preserve future carbon sequestration of European boreal forests.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Kubentayev SA, Alibekov DT, Perezhogin YV, Lazkov GA, Kupriyanov AN, Ebel AL, Izbastina KS, Borodulina OV, Kubentayeva BB (2024) Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan. PhytoKeys 238: 241-279. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.238.114475
Former endemics of Kazakhstan that are now reclassified as synonyms for species exhibiting broader geographical distributions
FIGURE 7 in Systematics and distribution of Lankascincus fallax (Peters, 1860) (Reptilia, Scincidae), an endemic litter-skink from Sri Lanka
FIGURE 7. Current distribution map (based on museum specimens and personal observations) of Lankascincus fallax (circles), the two syntype localities of L. fallax are marked with squares; the holotype locality of L. deraniyagalae (synonym of L. fallax) is marked with a triangle.
FIGURE 6 in Systematics and distribution of Lankascincus fallax (Peters, 1860) (Reptilia, Scincidae), an endemic litter-skink from Sri Lanka
FIGURE 6. Lateral view of head and neck of a juvenile Lankascincus fallax (not collected) from a home garden at Piliyandala, Western Province (lowland wet zone).
FIGURE 5 in Systematics and distribution of Lankascincus fallax (Peters, 1860) (Reptilia, Scincidae), an endemic litter-skink from Sri Lanka
FIGURE 5. Color variation of males Lankascincus fallax in lowland populations (not collected, identified using photographs) from (A) dry zone and (B) wet zone.
FIGURE 2 in Systematics and distribution of Lankascincus fallax (Peters, 1860) (Reptilia, Scincidae), an endemic litter-skink from Sri Lanka
FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny of the members of the genus Lankascincus based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (~500bp). Numbers at nodes represent branch supports (bootstrap) and color shadings represent wet and dry zone populations of L. fallax.
FIGURE 7 in Terrestrial predatory leeches of the genus Orobdella (Hirudinea: Erpobdelliformes: Orobdellidae) endemic to the Southern Russian Far East: a new species of the genus from Primorsky Krai, Russia
FIGURE 7. Orobdella ghilarovi, from Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Russia, mature individual (KUZ Z5024). A. Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. B. Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. C. Ventral view of somites X–XIII. D. Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. E. Ventral view of junction between crop and intestine with intestinal ceca. F. Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D, E), 2 mm (B, C), 2.5 mm (F).
FIGURE 4 in Terrestrial predatory leeches of the genus Orobdella (Hirudinea: Erpobdelliformes: Orobdellidae) endemic to the Southern Russian Far East: a new species of the genus from Primorsky Krai, Russia
FIGURE 4. Orobdella ganini sp. nov., holotype (KUZ Z5038). A. Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. B. Ventral view of somites I–VIII; C. Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. D. Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. E. Dorsal view of somites XIV and XV. F. Ventral view of somites X–XIII. G. Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E), 5 mm (C, D, F), 0.5 mm (G).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.