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Figure 6 in Molecular systematics of Caribbean skinks of the genus Mabuya (Reptilia, Scincidae), with descriptions of two new species from Venezuela

Figure 6. Altitudinal distribution of the South American species of Mabuya. Each dot corresponds to the altitude of a locality of specimens examined, or to data found in the following references: De la Riva, Castroviejo & Cabot, 1992; Dunn, 1936; Rebouças-Spieker & Vanzolini, 1990; Mijares-Urrutia & Arends, 1997; Rodrigues, 2000; Mausfeld & Lötters 2001. *'Unexpected' locality of a putative specimen of Mabuya altamazonica Miralles, Barrio-Amorós, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza, 2006.

Figure 4 in Molecular systematics of Caribbean skinks of the genus Mabuya (Reptilia, Scincidae), with descriptions of two new species from Venezuela

Figure 4. Phylogenetic trees of the genus Mabuya obtained from 12S and cytochrome b sequences. A, cladogram of the strict consensus maximum parsimony (MP) tree with bootstrap values (1000 replicates; bootstrap proportions less than 50% are not shown). B, Bayesian analysis, with 50% majority rule consensus (posterior probabilities below 0.90 are unmarked). The most remarkable nodes are: (1) the genus Mabuya s.s. (exclusively neotropical clade) and (2) the Caribbean clade. Grey rectangles represent clades endemic to the Carribean region. Mountain species are marked with triangles so as to be distinguishable from lowland species. Abbreviations: Mex., Mexico; Venez., Venezuela.

Figure 1. A, B in Molecular systematics of Caribbean skinks of the genus Mabuya (Reptilia, Scincidae), with descriptions of two new species from Venezuela

Figure 1. A, B, holotype of Mabuya nebulosylvestris sp. nov. (MHNLS 17093). C, D, holotype of Mabuya zuliae sp. nov. (MHNLS 16647). The drawing (A) is symmetrically reversed, and represents the right side of the head. Scale bar: 2 mm. Illustrations by AM.

Figure 2 in Molecular systematics of Caribbean skinks of the genus Mabuya (Reptilia, Scincidae), with descriptions of two new species from Venezuela

Figure 2. Uncollected specimens of (A) Mabuya nebulosylvestris sp. nov. (from the type locality, Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela), (B) Mabuya zuliae sp. nov (from Cerro El Mirador, km 495 on the Machiques–Colón road, Zulia, Venezuela), and (C) Mabuya meridensis (in the vicinity of Mérida city, Mérida, Venezuela). Photographs by AM, TB, and CLB-A, respectively.

Figure 7 in Molecular systematics of Caribbean skinks of the genus Mabuya (Reptilia, Scincidae), with descriptions of two new species from Venezuela

Figure 7. Scenario of allopatric speciation along the valley of Mérida: (A) putative distribution (in grey) of the common ancestor of Mabuya meridensis and Mabuya zuliae sp. nov., and (B) present-day distribution of both species, separated by the xerophytic enclave of Lagunillas.

Figure 10 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 10. Scanning electron micrograph images from sclerites of Eunicea tayrona sp. nov. holotype (USNM 100646). A–D, sclerites (ornamented spindles) from the middle layer (scale bars = 0.1 mm). A is a stereopair. B and D are details of wart ornamentation (scale bars = 0.01 mm); E, rod sclerites from the anthocodial crown/armature of the polyps (scale bars = 0.01 mm).

Figure 8 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 8. Photographs of Caribbean candelabrum corals in situ. A, Eunicea calyculata (Ellis & Solander), Serrana Bank, Colombia, 18 m; B, Eunicea knighti Bayer, Bocas del Toro Panama, 15 m; C, Eunicea pallida García-Parrado & Alcolado, Bocas del Toro, Panamá, 15 m; D, Eunicea flexuosa (Lamouroux), Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, 12 m. Polyp details (Bocas del Toro, Panamá): E, Eunicea tourneforti; F, Eunicea laciniata; G, E. calyculata; H, Eunicea clavigera; and I, Eunicea tayrona sp. nov.

Figure 7 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 7. Scanning electron microscope stereopairs of Eunicera clavigera sclerites ('slender' morphotype USNM 100645). A, sclerite, spindle, from the middle layer (scale bar = 0.2 mm); B, detail from A, wart ornamentation (scale bar = 0.02 mm); C, axial layer sclerites (scale bar = 0.02 mm); D, warts from spindles of the middle layer (scale bar = 0.01 mm); E, axial layer sclerites (scale bar = 0.01 mm); F, rod sclerites from the anthocodial crown/armature of the polyps (scale bar = 0.02 mm); G–H, club sclerites (foliate) from the surface layer (scale bar = 0.01 mm).

Figure 9 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 9. Photographs of Eunicea tayrona sp. nov. holotype (USNM 100646). A, underwater views of the colony alive, Riding Rock Reef, Leeward terrace, 12 m, San Salvador, Bahamas, 15 August 1999; B, dry specimen (calliper open at 2 cm) and detail; C, photo of the Eunicea fusca holotype and its club-like sclerites, museum of Turin (photos by and courtesy of Carlo Cerrano, University of Genoa).

Figure 11 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 11. Scanning electron micrograph stereopairs from sclerites of Eunicea tayrona sp. nov. holotype (USNM 100646). A, sclerites (ornamented spindles) from the middle layer (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, detail of wart ornamentation from A (scale bar = 0.02 mm); C, axial layer sclerite (scale bar = 0.01 mm); D, club sclerite from the surface layer (scale bar = 0.01 mm).

Figure 5 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 5. Scanning electron microscope images from sclerites of Eunicea clavigera 'slender' or typical morphotype (USNM 100645). A, sclerite (ornamented spindle) from the middle layer (scale bar = 0.1 mm) with detail of wart ornamentation (scale bars = approximately 0.5 and 0.05 mm, respectively); B, club sclerites (foliate) from the surface layer (scale bars = approximately 0.005 mm); C, rod sclerites from the anthocodial crown/armature of the polyps (scale bars = approximately 0.015 mm); D, rod sclerites from the anthocodial crown/armature of the polyps (scale bars = approximately 0.005 mm).

Figure 3 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 3. Cladograms of the most parsimonious phylogenetic hypotheses of Eunicea spp. obtained with maximum parsimony (A–B) (length = 24; consistency index = 0.708; retention index = 0.865). Above node numbers correspond to bootstrapping support values obtained in PAUP* (number of replicates = 1000; *corresponds to the only node with decay index> 1, obtained also in PAUP* increasing progressively the upper tree length bound and comparing strict concensus). Vertical lines refer to the monophyletic groups in common for the two trees.

Figure 4 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 4. Photographs of Eunicea clavigera. A–B, 'thick' morphotype (USNM 100644), A, underwater view of the colony alive, Riding Rock Reef, Leeward terrace, 17 m, San Salvador, Bahamas, 15 August 1999 (diver L. Kauffman); B, dry specimen (calliper open at 2 cm). C–D, 'slender' morphotype specimen (USNM 100645). C, dry specimen (calliper open at 2 cm); D, underwater views of the colony alive, Riding Rock Reef, Leeward terrace, 12 m, San Salvador, Bahamas, 15 August 1999. Right photos show the same branch with different levels of polyp retraction.

Figure 1 in Systematics of the candelabrum gorgonian corals (Eunicea Lamouroux; Plexauridae; Octocorallia; Cnidaria)

Figure 1. Photographs of Caribbean candelabrum corals in situ. A, Eunicea pinta Bayer & Deichmann Roncador Bank Colombia, 25 m; B, Eunicea palmeri Bayer, Roncador Bank, Colombia, 12 m; C, Eunicea succinea (Pallas) Bocas del Toro, Panama, 12 m; D, Eunicea laxispica (Lamarck), fore-reef terrace, 20 m, Abaco, Bahamas (2000); E, Eunicea mammosa Lamouroux, Roncador Bank, Colombia, 12 m; F, Eunicea tourneforti Milne Edwards & Haime, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, 8 m; G, Eunicea asperula Milne-Edwards & Haime, outer slope edge, Cat island, Bahamas (2001); H, Eunicea laciniata Duchassaing & Michelotti, shallow fore-reef, 10 m, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize (2001); I, Eunicea fusca Duchassaing & Michelotti, White Horse Reef, fore-reef, 20 m, Exuma Cays, Bahamas (2000).

Figure 14 in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Figure 14. Phylogenetic reconstructions and character evolution. Values at the upper node are bootstrap values from maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis (BA) posterior probabilities are at the lower nodes. Both MP and BA support clade A, which consists of species with the same mantle pigmentation, and two subclades, i.e. A1 and A2, characterized by two different head colour patterns. All the species in clade B are without prominent sculpture, but there are discrepancies in mantle and head colour patterns (subclades B1, B2, and B3). For acronyms of the character states and species numbers see Table 1.

Figure 11 in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Figure 11. Shell surface sculptures (scanning electron micrographs). A, upper surface of Everettia corrugata williamsi ssp. nov.; B, underside of E. corrugata williamsi ssp. nov.; C, underside of Everettia lapidini; D, upper surface of Everettia occidentalis sp. nov.; E, corrugation at the suture of Everettia corrugata corrugata; F, upper surface of Everettia jucundior sp. nov. Scale bar = 500 Mm.

Figure 10 in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Figure 10. Shell surface sculptures (scanning electron micrographs). A, upper surface of Everettia jasilini sp. nov.; B, underside of E. jasilini sp. nov.; C, upper surface of Everettia safriei sp. nov.; D; underside of Everettia paulbasintali sp. nov.; E, upper surface of E. paulbasintali sp. nov.; F, underside of Everettia klemmantanica; G, upper surface on the fourth whorl of E. klemmantanica; H, upper surface on the second whorl of E. klemmantanica. Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 7. Genitalia. A in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Figure 7. Genitalia. A, Everettia klemmantanica; B, Everettia lapidini sp. nov.; C, Everettia paulbasintali sp. nov.; D, Everettia subconsul; E, Everettia themis; F, Everettia layanglayang sp. nov.; G, Everettia jucundior sp. nov.; H, Everettia interior sp. nov.; I, Everettia corrugata corrugata.

Figure 3 in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Figure 3. Shell surface sculptures (scanning electron micrograph). A, upper surface of Everettia interior sp. nov.; B, upper surface of Everettia jucunda; C, upper surface of Everettia layanglayang sp. nov.; D, protoconch of E. layanglayang sp. nov.; E, underside of E. layanglayang sp. nov.; F, upper surface of Everettia dominiki sp. nov.; G, upper surface of Everettia monticola sp. nov.; H, upper surface of Everettia planispira sp. nov. Scale bar = 200 Mm.

Figure 2. Shells. A in Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo

Figure 2. Shells. A, Everettia corrugata corrugata; B, Everettia corrugata williamsi ssp. nov.; C, Everettia interior sp. nov.; D, Everettia jucunda; E, Everettia occidentalis sp. nov.; F, Everettia jucundior sp. nov. Scale bar = 10 mm.