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opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

DNA metabarcoding reveals impact of local recruitment, dispersal, and hydroperiod on assembly of a zooplankton metacommunity

Understanding the environmental impact on the assembly of local communities in relation to their spatial and temporal connectivity is still a challenge in metacommunity ecology. This study aims to unravel underlying metacommunity processes and environmental factors that result in observed zooplankton communities. Unlike most metacommunity studies, we jointly examine active and dormant zooplankton communities using a DNA metabarcoding approach to overcome limitations of morphological species identification. We applied two-fragment (COI and 18S) metabarcoding to monitor communities of 24 kettle holes over a two-year period to unravel (I) spatial and temporal connectivity of the communities, (II) environmental factors influencing local communities, and (III) dominant underlying metacommunity processes in this system. We found a strong separation of zooplankton communities from kettle holes of different hydroperiods (degree of permanency) throughout the season, while the community composition within single kettle holes did not differ between years. Species richness was primarily dependent on pH and permanency, while species diversity (Shannon Index) was influenced by kettle hole location. Community composition was impacted by kettle hole size and surrounding field crops. Environmental processes dominated temporal and spatial processes. Sediment communities showed a different composition compared to water samples but did not differ between ephemeral and permanent kettle holes. Our results suggest that communities are mainly structured by environmental filtering based on pH, kettle hole size, surrounding field crops, and permanency. Environmental filtering based on specific conditions in individual kettle holes seems to be the dominant process in community assembly in the studied zooplankton metacommunity.

Input data and model output for study about wind changes and impact on the Subtropical Front

This dataset contains: Model data for the CONTROL simulation (CONTROL.gz) Model data for the SHIFT simulation (SHIFT.gz) where the westerly winds have been shifted by 1degree per decade Model data for the INCREASE simulation (INCREASE.gz) where the westerly winds have been incresaed by 1 percent per decade Reference dataset are provided (Argo.gz and Modiz.gz)

The baseline immunological and hygienic status of pigs impact disease severity of African swine fever

Primary data of manuscript

Characterizing the Dynamics of Wildland-Urban Interface and the Potential Impacts on Fire Activities in Alaska from 2000 to 2010

The material contains the shapefiles of wildland-urban interface in Alaska in 2000 and 2010, which are derived from census data and National Land Cover Database.

Database for meta-analysis of herbivore impacts on plant-soil feedbacks

We conducted a meta-analysis to test for an interaction between plant-soil feedbacks and herbivory, including effects on the magnitude and direction of feedbacks, herbivore consumption and herbivore growth. We identified 197 studies to address herbivore impacts on plant-soil feedbacks and 189 studies to address plant-soil impacts on herbivores. We calculated Hedge's D values to assess three questions: 1) What is the plant-soil feedback value of plants exposed to herbivory or no herbivory? 2) What is the growth or biomass of herbivores feeding on plants exposed to home or away soils in plant-soil feedback studies? 3) How much plant tissue is consumed by herbivores on plants grown in home or away soils? We found an overall significant weak negative effect of herbivory on plant-soil feedbacks that varied by plant functional type. In legumes herbivory drove plant-soil feedbacks from positive to negative, but herbivory on forbs further decreased negative feedbacks. Herbivore consumption was generally greater on plants grown in away soils. However, herbivore consumption was greater in home soils conditioned by legumes but lower in home soils conditioned by forbs. Therefore plant functional type determines the impact of conditioned soil on feedbacks, and herbivore consumption explains these results for legumes but not forbs.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Pandemic impacts on Software Engineering: A Multivocal Literature Review

Pandemic impacts on Software Engineering: A Multivocal Literature Review - data set

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

The impact from the contrast of the generated images

The contrast of the generated images was dull for the S2IGAN code, as given. By enhancing brightness and contrast, this problem could be solved. However, we found this is only needed for human evaluation: On 20 selected images, the IS score for S2IGAN was the same for the raw (greyish) output and the enhanced output samples.

Supplementary data to "Variability of Antenna Signals from Dust Impacts"

Supplementary data to "Variability of Antenna Signals from Dust Impacts"

Biocrust impacts on dryland soil water balance: A path towards the whole picture

As a crucial living feature inhabiting the soil-atmosphere boundary, biocrusts play a vital role in liquid water or vapor transport through surface soil and thus have strong effects on soil water regimes. However, it remains unclear how biocrusts affect annual or multi-year soil water budgets through the regulation of evaporation outputs and NRW or infiltration inputs. Thus, we used automated microlysimeters to continually investigate the differences in evaporation and NRW rates between moss-dominated biocrusts and bare soil at 0−5 cm depth for two years. The upper 30 cm of soil moisture (θ) and water storage (W) of bare soil and biocrusts were also monitored. Our results showed that the daily evaporation rate (E) of biocrusts was 17% higher than bare soil. Especially after rainfall events, biocrusts had higher E and larger cumulative evaporation than bare soil. Besides, the daily NRW of biocrusts averaged 15% higher than bare soil over two years. Furthermore, biocrusts increased θ by 11%−76% at 0−10 cm depth but decreased θ by 32%−56% at 20−30 cm depth in comparison to bare soil, and they subsequently decreased W by 20% at 0−30 cm depth. Summarized annually, the NRW amount of biocrusts was 19% higher than bare soil, but at the same time the cumulative evaporation of biocrusts was also 19% higher than bare soil. Finally, biocrusts resulted in more water loss at shallow depth through evaporation and lessened total W throughout 0−30 cm depth of soil. These findings demonstrate that although biocrusts input more NRW into surface soil, these water inputs partially offset their intensified evaporation. Given that all rainfall water infiltrates into the soil in our study system, our findings indicate that biocrusts may have an overall negative effect on soil water balance there, while at the same time increasing water storage and availability of the deeper soil underlying biocrusts.

Automating Code-Related Tasks Through Transformers: The Impact of Pre-training

Datasets used in the work "Automating Code-Related Tasks Through Transformers: The Impact of Pre-training".

Evidence that genomic incompatibilities and other multilocus processes impact hybrid fitness in a rattlesnake hybrid zone

Hybrid zones provide valuable opportunities to understand the genomic mechanisms that promote speciation by providing insight into factors involved in intermediate stages of speciation. Here we investigate introgression in a hybrid zone between two rattlesnake species (Crotalus viridis and C. oreganus concolor) that have undergone historical allopatric divergence and recent range expansion and secondary contact. We use Bayesian genomic cline models to characterize genomic patterns of introgression between these lineages and identify loci potentially subject to selection in hybrids. We find evidence for a large number of genomic regions with biased ancestry that deviate from the genomic background in hybrids (i.e., excess ancestry loci), which tend to be associated with genomic regions with higher recombination rates. We also identify suites of excess ancestry loci that show highly correlated allele frequencies (including conspecific and heterospecific combinations) across physically unlinked genomic regions in hybrids. Our findings provide evidence for multiple multilocus evolutionary processes impacting hybrid fitness in this system.

Socioeconomic impacts on Andean adolescents' growth: variation between households, between communities, and over time

Background/Objectives We evaluated potential socioeconomic contributors to variation in Andean adolescents' growth between households within a peri-urban community undergoing rapid demographic and economic change, between different community types (rural, peri-urban, urban), and over time. Because growth monitoring is widely used for assessing community needs and progress, we compared the prevalences of stunting, underweight, and overweight estimated by three different growth references. Results Alteños' height averaged ∼0.8SD/∼0.6SD/∼2SDs greater than adolescents' height in urban and rural communities measured in 1983/1998/1977, respectively. Overweight prevalence was comparable to the WHO, and lower than MESA and Puno, references. Stunting was 8.5/2.5/0.5 times WHO/MESA/Puno samples, respectively. Female Alteños' growth was positively associated with household and maternal income indices. Conclusions/Implications Both peri-urban conditions and temporal trends contributed to gains in Alteños' growth. Rural out-migration can alleviate migrants' poverty, partly because of more diverse economic options in urbanized communities, especially for women. Nonetheless, Alteños averaged below WHO and MESA height and weight medians. Evolved biological adaptations to environmental challenges, and the consequent variability in growth trajectories, favors using multiple growth references. Growth monitoring should be informed by community- and household-level studies to detect and understand local factors causing or alleviating health disparities. Lay Summary Andean adolescents exhibited elevated rates of stunting; their height varied with socioeconomic status within and between high-altitude communities. Unlike some lowland populations, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was not elevated. Population-specific growth assessments and targeted interventions (e.g., maternal education and employment) are likely to help alleviate disparities in Andean children's growth.

The impact of genetic variants in the CYP2C8 gene on bladder cancer susceptibility 1 Short Title:Genetic variants on bladder cancer

Four SNPs including rs1934953, rs1934951, rs2275620, and rs17110453 in the CYP2C8 gene were selected and determined in 550 healthy subjects and 217 bladder cancer patients. SNPs genotyping was determined using Agena MassARRAY iPLEX platform.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Impact of Cloud Process in the Mixing State and Microphysical Properties of Soot Particles: Implications in Light Absorption Enhancement

The data of paper of "Impact of Cloud Process in the Mixing State and Microphysical Properties of Soot Particles: Implications in Light Absorption Enhancement"

Model simulations for " Potential impacts of LUCC and climate change on evapotranspiration and gross primary productivity in the Haihe River Basin, China"

Experiment_1.rar, Experiment_2.rar, and Experiment_3.rar are the model simulations from experiment 1, experiment 2, and experiment 3, respectively. All the simulations are original from the CLM5 model in netcdf format. More details on these data can be found in the paper "Potential impacts of LUCC and climate change on evapotranspiration and gross primary productivity in the Haihe River Basin, China".

Dataset for Assessing the mycotoxin-related health impact of shifting from meat-based diets to soy-based meat analogues in a model scenario based on Italian consumption data

Dataset used for Assessing the mycotoxin-related health impact of shifting from meat-based diets to soy-based meat analogues in a model scenario based on Italian consumption data.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Ecological impacts of unsustainable sand mining: Urgent lessons learned from a critically endangered freshwater cetacean

Sand production, tripled in the last two decades, is an emerging concern for global biodiversity. However, the paucity of sand mining data worldwide prevents understanding the extent of sand mining impacts and how it affects wildlife populations and ecosystems, which is critical for timely mitigation and conservation actions. Integrating remote sensing and field surveys over fourteen years, we investigated mining impacts on the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) in Dongting Lake, China. We found that sand mining presented a consistent, widespread disturbance in Dongting Lake. The porpoise strongly avoided mining sites, especially the areas subjected to higher mining intensity. The extensive sand mining significantly contracted the porpoise's range and restricted their habitat use in the lake. Water traffic for sand transportation further blocked the species' river-lake movements, affecting the population connectivity. In addition, mining-induced loss of nearshore habitats, a critical foraging and nursery ground for the porpoise, occurred in nearly 70% of the water channels of our study region. Our findings provide the first empirical evidence on the impacts of unregulated sand extractions on species distribution. Our spatiotemporally explicit approach and findings can support regulation and conservation, yielding broader implications for sustainable sand mining worldwide. This dataset contains (1) sand mining information from 2006–2019 in Dongting Lake, (2) data of porpoise distributions from nine range-wide surveys from 2006–2019, (3) water traffic information at the outlet channel of Dongting Lake from 2001–2019, (4) data of the lake morphology from 2006–2019, (5) codes for all data analyses.

Model data - Impact of Ural blocking on early-winter climate variability under different Barents-Kara sea ice conditions

Model data for JGR paper : Impact of Ural blocking on early-winter climate variability under different Barents-Kara sea ice conditions

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Dispersal without drivers: Intrinsic and extrinsic variables have no impact on movement distances in a terrestrial amphibian

Dispersive movements are often thought to be multicausal and driven by individual body size, sex, conspecific density, environmental variation, personality and/or other variables. Yet such variables often do not account for most of the variation among dispersive movements in nature, leaving open the possibility that dispersion may be indeterministic. We assessed the amount of variation in 24 h movement distances that could be accounted for by potential drivers of displacement with a large empirical dataset of movement distances performed by Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) on the northern shore of Lake Erie at Long Point, Ontario (2002–2021, incl.). These toads are easy to sample repeatedly, can be identified individually and move parallel to the shoreline as they forage at night, potentially dispersing to new refuge sites. Using a linear mixed-effect model that incorporated random effect terms to account for sampling variance and inter-annual variation, we found that all potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of movement accounted for virtually none of the variation observed among 24 h distances moved by these animals, whether over short or large spatial scales. We examined the idea of movement personality by testing variance per individual toad and found no evidence of individuality in movement distances. We conclude that deterministic variables, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, neither can be shown to nor are necessary to drive movements in this population over all spatial scales. Stochastic, short-timescale movements, such as daily foraging movements, can instead accumulate over time to produce large spatial-scale movements that are dispersive in nature.