Find research datasets worth reusing

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) 5-min Spacecraft attitude data from GBAD to be read via SDP Toolkit Binary Format

PM1ATTNR is the Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) daily spacecraft attitude data file in native format. This is MODIS Ancillary Data. The data collection consists of PM1 Platform Attitude Data that has been preprocessed by ECS to an internal standard supported by the ECS SDP Toolkit. This data is typically used in determining the geolocation of earth remote sensing observations.The file name format is the following:PM1ATTNR_NRT.Ayyyyddd.hhmm.vvv where from left to right: PM1 = PM1 (Aqua); ATT = spacecraft attitude; N = Native format; R = Refined; A = Acquisition; yyyy = data year, ddd = Julian data day, hh = data hour, mm = data minute; vvv = Version ID.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near-Real-Time (NRT) Radiance product band 7 (SWIR detector) L1B 5.5km x 7km V2 (S5P_L1B_RA_BD7_HiR_NRT) at GES DISC

The Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near Real Time (NRT) Radiance product band 7 (SWIR detector) L1B 5.5km x 21km V2 (S5P_L1B_RA_BD7_HiR_NRT) product at GES DISC is the near real time version of the offline S5P_L1B_RA_BD7_HiR data product. These data are typically available within three hours of measurement as required by the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE). These data are intended for a rapid turnaround assessment and are only archived for up to ten days. Users who require a longer data record, or wish to conduct rigorous analysis should use the offline version of this product S5P_L1B_RA_BD7_HiR. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). TROPOMI Level-1B (L1B) product is generated by the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteoroligisch Instituut (KNMI) TROPOMI L01B processor from Level-0 input data and auxiliary data products with the netCDF-4 enhanced model. It provides users with radiance, irradiance, calibration and engineering products. Data are stored in individual files, or granules, that contain one orbit of information. The data are stored in netCDF4 data format and files and complete files are ~0.305 GB.

MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Temperature and Water Vapor Profiles 5-Min L2 Swath 5km

The level-2 MODIS Temperature and Water Vapor Profile Product MOD07_L2 consists of 30 gridded parameters related to atmospheric stability, atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, total atmospheric water vapor, and total ozone. All of these parameters are produced for both daytime and nighttime conditions at 5-km pixel resolution when at least 9 FOVs are cloud free. The atmospheric profiles are produced at 20 vertical atmospheric levels (5., 10., 20., 30., 50., 70., 100., 150., 200., 250., 300., 400., 500., 620., 700., 780., 850., 920., 950., 1000. mbar) The water vapor parameter is an estimate of the total tropospheric column water vapor made from integrated MODIS infrared retrievals of atmospheric moisture profiles in clear scenes. The thermal band 9.6 micron is used for retrieving total ozone burden. The shortname for this Level-2 MODIS atmospheric profile product is MOD07_L2 and the principal investigator for this product is MODIS scientist Dr. Paul Menzel ( paulm@ssec.wisc.edu).The MODIS atmospheric profile (MOD07_L2) product contains data that has a spatial resolution (pixel size) of 5 x 5 kilometers (at nadir). Each MOD07_L2 product file covers a five-minute time interval, which means the MOD07_L2 output grid is 270 5-km pixels in width and 406 5-km pixels in length for nine consecutive granules. Every tenth granule has an output grid size of 270 by 408 pixels. MOD07_L2 product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format(HDF-EOS). Twenty eight of the 30 gridded cloud parameters(5-kilometer pixel resolution) are stored as Scientific Data Sets (SDS) within the file, the remaining two algorithmic static parameters (band number and presure level) are stored as Vdata(table arrays). Cloud Mask SDS, derived from the 1-km MOD35_L2 Cloud Mask parameter, is remapped to 5-km resolution, by using only the center 1-km pixel in the 5x5 pixel retrieval array. The remaining two (band number and static pressure levels) are stored as Vdata(table arrays) Each file is roughly 8 MB in size, and the total data volume is approximately 2 GB/day. MOD07_L2 Data Group and Parameters: Spatial & Temporal Resolution:Latitude & LongitudeScan start time Solar and Sensor Viewing Geometry:Solar zenith & Solar azimuth angleSensor zenith & Sensor azimuth angle Static Algorithm Parameters:MODIS band numberPressure levels Atmospheric & Surface Pressure:Retrieved Geopotential Height ProfileTropopause HeightSurface Elevation, Surface Pressure Atmospheric & Surface Temperature:Guess & Retrieved Temperature ProfilesBrightness Temperature and Skin Temperature Atmospheric Moisture:Guess Mixing ratio ProfileRetrieved Dew Point Temperature Profile Atmospheric Stability Indices:Total Totals, Lifted Index, and K-index Atmospheric Trace Gases:Total Ozone BurdenTotal Column Precipitable Water Vapor - IR RetrievalTotal Column Precipitable Water Vapor - Direct IR RetrievalWater Vapor(Low & High)Retrieved Water Vapour Mixing Ratio Profile Quality Assurance & Statistical Parameters:Quality Assurance ParametersRun time QA flagsMODIS Cloud MaskProcessing Flag These parameters are very essential in the characterization of the atmosphere, atmospheric correction of remotely sensed surface parameters, and prediction of convective clouds and thunderstorms. For more information about the MOD07_L2 product, visit the MODIS-Atmosphere site at:http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/MOD07_L2/

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near-Real-Time (NRT) Tropospheric Ozone Column V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL_NRT) at GES DISC

The Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near Real Time (NRT) Tropospheric Ozone Column V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL_NRT) at GES DISC is the near real time version of the offline S5P_L2__O3_TCL product. These data are typically available within three hours of measurement as required by the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE). These data are intended for a rapid turnaround assessment and are only archived for up to ten days. Users who require a longer data record, or wish to conduct rigorous analysis should use the offline version of this product S5P_L2__O3_TCL. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. Copernicus Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products are retrieved by the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) algorithm to derive the tropospheric ozone columns and by the cloud slicing algorithm (CSA) to derive mean upper tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios above the clouds. The S5P_TROPOZ_CCD algorithm uses TROPOMI Level-2 ozone column measurements and the cloud parameters provided by the S5P_CLOUD_OCRA and S5P_CLOUD_ROCINN, the average values of the tropospheric ozone columns below 270 hpa can be determined. The S5P_TROPOZ_CSA algorithm uses the correlation between could top pressure and the ozone column above the cloud. The retrieval depends on the amount of measurements with a high cloud cover. The products are restricted in the tropical region (-20 degrees to 20 degrees of latitude). The main outputs of the Copernicus S5P/TROPOMI tropospheric ozone product include the tropospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, upper tropospheric ozone and corresponding errors, stratospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, and the retrieval quality flags. The data are stored in an enhanced netCDF-4 format. Data are stored in individual files, or granules, that contain one orbit of information. The data are stored in netCDF4 data format and files and complete files are ~20 MB.

restrictednotspecifiedAug 2025View details →

Ground-Based GNSS-based Upper Atmospheric Realtime Disaster Information and Alert Network (GUARDIAN) Galileo daily accumulated real-time Precise Orbit Determination (POD) orbits (60-second sampling, 24-hour files) from NASA CDDIS

This product contains a time series of position and velocity components for healthy satellites in the Galileo constellation that are accumulated every minute throughout the day. In addition, formal 1-sigma uncertainties for the positions and velocities are provided. The product is generated at JPL's Global Differential GPS Operations Centers in real-time. The data in this product can be concatenated with other daily products to provide larger coverage in time.

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 250m SIN Grid V006

The MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Surface Reflectance Daily L2G Global 250m SIN Grid product (MYD09GQK) provides MODIS bands 1 and 2, daily surface reflectance at 250 m resolution. The product is an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance for each band as it would have been measured at ground level if there were no atmospheric scattering or absorption. The quality information for this product is provided at three different levels of detail: for individual pixels for each band and each resolution and for the whole file.

restrictednotspecifiedApr 2025View details →

CYGNSS Level 3 MRG Science Data Record Near Real Time Version 3.2.1

This dataset contains the version 3.2.1 CYGNSS Level 3 Merged (MRG) Science Data Record Near Real Time (NRT) Storm Wind Speed derived from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. It combines CYGNSS storm-centric gridded (SCG) wind speeds, which are derived from the L2 Young Seas Limited Fetch (YSLF) winds for a region surrounding a given tropical cyclone (TC), with L2 Fully Developed Seas (FDS) winds away from the TC center on a 0.2x0.2 degree latitude by longitude equirectangular grid. L3 MRG is a product which combines the L2 FDS and YSLF winds and eliminates the need to choose between them depending on sea state development and the proximity to storms. The data are provided in netCDF-4 format and starts from the September 1, 2024 through the present with an approximate latency between 2 and 24 hours. A tapered weighted averaging scheme is used centered on the 25 m/s wind radius of the storm. The 34 knot wind radius (R34) algorithm has been updated for v3.2.1 release to center around the National Hurricane Center or the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (NHC/JTWC) reported storm center instead of the CYGNSS Vmax location The algorithm produces global (+/- 40 deg latitude) wind speeds reported on a 0.1x0.1 deg grid every 6 hours for each tropical cyclone, although some 6-hourly increments may be missing if there are an insufficient number of satellite overpasses of the storm during that time interval. The netCDF files are output on a storm-by-storm basis. The CYGNSS is a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder Mission that is intended to collect the first frequent space‐based measurements of surface wind speeds in the inner core of tropical cyclones. Made up of a constellation of eight micro-satellites, the observatories provide nearly gap-free Earth coverage using an orbital inclination of approximately 35° from the equator, with a mean (i.e., average) revisit time of seven hours and a median revisit time of three hours. This inclination allows CYGNSS to measure ocean surface winds between approximately 38° N and 38° S latitude. This range includes the critical latitude band for tropical cyclone formation and movement.

MLS/Aura Near-Real-Time L2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio V005 (ML2SO2_NRT) at GES DISC

ML2SO2_NRT is the EOS Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Near-Real-Time (NRT) product for sulfur dioxide (SO2). This product contains SO2 profiles derived from the 190 and 240 GHz regions. The NRT data are typically available within 3 hours of observation and are broken into files containing about 15 minutes of data. The most recent 7 days of data are available online. Spatial coverage is near-global (-82 degrees to +82 degrees latitude), with each profile spaced 1.5 degrees or ~165 km along the orbit track (roughly 15 orbits per day). The vertical coverage is from 215 to 10 hPa. The MLS NRT algorithm uses a simplified fast forward model to meet Near Real Time data latency requirements and are therefore not as accurate as the retrievals that constitute the standard MLS products. Nevertheless the results are scientifically useful in selected regions of the Earth's atmosphere provided that the data are screened according to the recommendations in the MLS NRT User Guide and the MLS L2 Data Quality Document for Standard Products.

restrictednotspecifiedApr 2025View details →

IceBridge GPS L1B Time-Tagged Real-Time Position and Attitude Solution, Version 1

This data set contains elevation, roll, pitch, and heading measurements over Antarctica using the Ashtech GG24 GPS+ receiver and the Systron and Donner MMQ-50 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The data were collected by scientists working on the Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP) project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), with additional support from NASA Operation IceBridge.

MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Coarse Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 5km

MODIS Near Real Time (NRT) Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (a fire of strength sufficient to detect), and on detection relative to its background (to account for variability of the surface temperature and reflection by sunlight). Numerous tests are employed to reject typical false alarm sources like sun glint or an unmasked coastline. MOD14CRS provides level-2 swath data daily at a 5-kilometer resolution. The Science Data Sets in this product include fire-mask, algorithm quality, radiative power, and numerous layers describing fire pixel attributes. The Terra MODIS instrument acquires data twice daily (10:30 AM and PM), as does the Aqua MODIS (2:30 PM and AM). These four daily MODIS fire observations serve to advance global monitoring of the fire process and its effects on ecosystems, the atmosphere, and climate. Data Set Characteristics: File Size: ~ 990 KB Resolution: 5 kilometer Projection: None (swath data) Data Type: Fire Mask 8-bit unsigned Data Format: HDF-EOS Science Data Sets (SDS HDF Layers): 23 Version-5 MODIS/Terra Coarse Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are validated, meaning that product uncertainties are well defined over a range of representative conditions. Although there may be later improved versions, these data are ready for use in scientific publications.

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Clouds 5-Min L2 Swath 1km and 5km

The level-2 MODIS cloud product consists of cloud optical and physical parameters. These parameters are derived using remotely sensed infrared, visible and near infrared solar reflected radiances. MODIS infrared channel radiances are used to derive cloud top temperature, cloud top height, effective emissivity, cloud phase (ice vs. water, opaque vs. non-opaque), and cloud fraction under both daytime and nighttime conditions. MODIS visible radiances are used to derive cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius and cloud shadow effects. Near infrared solar reflected radiance provides additional information in the retrieval of cloud particle phase (ice vs. water, clouds vs. snow). The shortname for this level-2 MODIS cloud product is MYD06_L2.MYD06_L2 consists of parameters at a spatial resolution of either 1- km or 5-km (at nadir). Each MYD06_L2 product file covers a five-minute time interval. This means that for 5-km resolution parameters, the output grid is 270 pixels in width by 406 pixels in length. Every tenth granule has an output grid size of 270 by 408 pixels. For 1-km resolution parameters, the output grid is 1354 pixels in width by 2030 pixels in length and every tenth granule has an output grid size of 1354 by 2040 pixels.MYD06_L2 product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS). All gridded cloud parameters are stored as Scientific Data Sets (SDS) within the file, except two (band number and statistics). These are stored as Vdata(table arrays). Approximately 288 files are produced daily. Nighttime files are smaller than their daytime counterparts since only cloud top properties are retrieved at night.The Collection 6 cloud-top property product changes include new 1 km SDSs in addition to the legacy 5 km SDSs, and a new physical cloud height dataset. New 1 km products include cloud top pressure, IR cloud emissivity, cloud height, overshooting cloud top flag, and cloud phase. The 1 km IR phase product is generated using an updated algorithm while the other 1 km products were designed to be as similar as possible to the 5 km version.And, the Collection 6 Cloud optical/microphysical product changes include expanded/improved pixel-level retrieval uncertainty calculations that are intended to be used in lieu of retrieval QA assignments that are no longer assigned (legacy QA bits are now set to a value of 3 for all successful retrievals). Retrievals are now attempted on a pixel flagged as likely to have a partly cloudy field of view by the so-called clear sky restoral algorithm introduced in C5 processing. Successful retrievals from this pixel population have similar SDS names as the non-flagged pixel population but with ???_PCL??? (for Partly CLoudy) appended to the end of the parameter name; an exception is the uncertainty SDSs where both PCL and non-PCL retrieval uncertainties are kept. Metrics for unsuccessful retrievals (those outside the look-up table solution space) are now provided as well (Retrieval_Failure_Metric_*). Finally, absolute retrievals are provided for the other visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared band pairs (VNIR and 1.6 ??m, VNIR and 3.7 ??m) instead of as differences relative to the VNIR/2.1 ??m retrieval. For more details regarding dataset changes read the document at http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products_C006update.html.MYD06_L2 Data Category & ParametersSpatial and Temporal Resolution:latitude,longitudescan start timeSolar and Sensor Viewing Geometry:Solar_Azimuth(daytime,nighttime,all), Solar_Zenith(daytime,nighttime,all), Sensor_Azimuth(daytime,nighttime,all), Sensor_Zenith(daytime,nighttime,all)Cloud Top Parameters (5km):Cloud_Effective_Emissivity_(Day, Night, Nadir, Nadir_Day,Nadir_Night, All), Cloud_Fraction_(Day, Night, Nadir, Nadir_Day,Nadir_Night, All), Cloud_Height_Method, Cloud_Phase_Infrared_(day, night, all), Cloud_Top_Height_(Day, Night, Nadir, Nadir_Day,Nadir_Night, All), cloud_top_method_1km, Cloud_Top_Pressure_From_Ratios, Cloud_Top_Pressure_Infrared, Cloud_Top_Pressure_(Day, Night, Nadir, Nadir_Day,Nadir_Night, All), Cloud_Top_Temperature_(Day, Night, Nadir, Nadir_Day,Nadir_Night, All)Cloud Top Parameters (1km):cloud_top_height_1km, cloud_top_pressure_1km, cloud_top_temperature_1km, , cloud_emiss(11, 12, 13, 85, All)_1km, IRW_Low_Cloud_Temperature_From_COPCloud Optical Properties (1km):Above_Cloud_Water_Vapor_094, Cloud_Effective_Radius_(PCL, 16, 16_PCL,1621, 1621_PCL,37,37_PCL, All) , Cloud_Optical_Thickness_(PCL, 16, 16_PCL,1621, 1621_PCL,37,37_PCL, All), Cloud_Phase_Infrared_1km, Cloud_Phase_Optical_Properties, Cloud_Water_Path_(PCL, 16, 16_PCL,1621, 1621_PCL,37,37_PCL, All)Radiation Parameters:Radiance_Variance, Brightness_Temperature, Spectral_Cloud_Forcing, Surface_Pressure, Surface_Temperature, surface_temperature_1km, Atm_Corr_Refl, Cirrus_ReflectanceQuality Assurance Parameters:Processing flag for 5 km resolution, Cloud_Multi_Layer_Flag, cirrus reflectance flag for 1 km resolution, quality assurance flag f

Real System Failures

This resource area contains descriptions of actual electronic systems failure scenarios with an emphasis on the diversity of failure modes and effects that can befall dependable systems. Introductory pages begin [here](/dashlink/static/media/other/Introduction1.html). The descriptions begin [here](/dashlink/static/media/other/ObservedFailures1.html). These pages are separated into sections. Each section starts with a List of failure scenarios. In between the List slides are slides that give more information on those scenarios which warrant more than a bullet or two of explanation. Some references are listed [here](/dashlink/static/media/other/References.html). A list of acronyms and initialisms is [here](/dashlink/static/media/other/Acronyms_Initialisms.html). If you would like to add a story to this list or add additional significant details to an existing story, please contact Kevin Driscoll at ![](/dashlink/static/media/other/KevinDriscoll-email.PNG) For a not-quite-working wiki subset of this Resource area, click on the Wiki link just to the left of this Summary or go to the URL [https://c3.nasa.gov/dashlink/projects/79/wiki/test_stories_split](/dashlink/projects/79/wiki/test_stories_split). Also, those who log in can add comments to the Discussions at the bottom of this page.

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Aerosol Optical Thickness Daily L3 Global 0.05-Deg CMA

The MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness (MYD09CMA) is a daily level 3 global product. It is in linear latitude and longitude (Plate Carre) projection with a 0.05Deg spatial resolution. This product is derived from MYD09IDN, MYD09IDT and MYD09IDS for each orbit by compositing the data on the basis of minimum band 3 (459 - 479 nm band) values (after excluding pixels flagged for clouds and high solar zenith angles).

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) L2G Daytime Pointers, Daily 250m

The MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Global Observation Pointers (MYDPTQKM) files stores information about the spatial relationship between each sensor observation and output grid cell.MYDPTQKM files are used as input to higher-level products such as MODIS Surface Reflectance. Geometric information for each sensor observation is stored on a geolocated grid with Level-2 geophysical parameters stored as Level-2G gridded products. The multiple observations stored in the L2G grids are examined by the Level-3 processes to extract only the most relevant observations per grid cell.

MODIS/Terra+Aqua Near Real Time L3 Value-added Aerosol Optical Depth

MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am equator crossing time) as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. MODIS with its 2330 km viewing swath width provides almost daily global coverage. It acquires data in 36 high spectral resolution bands between 0.415 to 14.235 micron with spatial resolutions of 250m(2 bands), 500m(5 bands),and 1000m (29 bands). MODIS sensor counts, calibrated radiances, geolocation products and all derived geophysical atmospheric and ocean products are archived at various DAACs and has been made available to public since April 2000.The shortname for this level-3 MODIS aerosol product is MCDAODHD. The Naval Research Laboratory and the University of North Dakota developed this value-added aerosol optical depth dataset based on MODIS Level 2 aerosol products. MCDAODHD is a gridded product and is specifically designed for quantitative applications including data assimilation and model validation. It is available through LANCE-MODIS. It offers several enhancements over the MODIS Level 2 data on which it is based. These enhancements include stringent filtering to reduce outliers, eliminate cloud contamination, and exclude conditions where aerosol detection is likely to be inaccurate; reduction of systematic biases over land and ocean by empirical corrections; reduction of random variation in AOD values by spatial averaging; quantitative estimation of uncertainty for each AOD data point.The MxDAODHD granules are produced every six hours, and time-stamped 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00 (all times UTC). Each granule includes MODIS observations from +/-3 hours from the timestamp (e.g. 12:00 product includes MODIS data from 09:00-15:00 UTC). Production is initiated as soon as the Level 2 inputs become available in the LANCE system.See the LANCE-MODIS page for more dataset information: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/near-real-time/download-nrt-data/modis-nrt

MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Aerosol 5-Min L2 Swath 10km

The MODIS level-2 atmospheric aerosol product (MOD04_L2) continues to provide full global coverage of aerosol properties from the Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms. The DT algorithm is applied over ocean and dark land (e.g., vegetation), while the DB algorithm now covers the entire land areas including both dark and bright surfaces. Both results are provided on a 10x10 pixel scale (10 km at nadir). Each MOD04_L2 product file covers a five-minute time interval. The output grid is 135 pixels in width by 203 pixels in length. Every tenth file has an output grid size of 135 by 204 pixels. MOD04_L2 product files are stored in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS).Based on C5 validation studies, a number of Science Data Sets (SDSs) have been deleted from the DT product (Angstrom_Exponent_Land, Optical_Depth_Small_Land, etc.) while a number of SDSs have been renamed or added. A number of algorithm changes have lead to significant changes in regional aerosol product statistics (see link above). For C6, the DT algorithm team now provides a new 3 km spatial resolution product intended for the air quality community; this is provided in a separate file (M*D04_3K).In C5, the DB algorithm was limited to only bright targets. With C6, the DB team has expanded coverage to include both bright targets and vegetated regions, using NDVI information in addition to a precalculated surface reflectance database. New DB products for C6 include an estimate on the aerosol retrieval uncertainty to assist with error analyses as well as a best estimate SDS containing the aerosol optical thickness data with quality assurance flags already applied (SDS names Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_Estimated_Uncertainty and Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_Best_Estimate respectively). In addition to separate DT and DB retrievals, the C6 product now provides a merged (SDS) that combines both types of retrievals (SDS name AOD_550_Dark_Target_Deep_Blue_Combined). This SDS uses a combination of scene NDVI and retrieval Quality Assessment (QA) assignments to select one of the retrievals (if any) or an average of the two retrievals. Ocean retrievals from the DT algorithm are also provided if they have a sufficiently high retrieval QA value.The file consists of following pixel level gridded aerosol parameters. These pixel level gridded aerosol parameters are stored as Scientific Data Sets(SDS) within the file:MODIS Data Category & ParametersSpatial & Temporal Resolution:Longitude, Latitude, Scan_Start_TimeSolar and Sensor Viewing Geometry:Solar_Zenith, Solar_Azimuth, Sensor_Zenith, Sensor_AzimuthAerosol Parameters for Land & Ocean (Combined):Scattering_Angle, Land_sea_Flag, Aerosol_Cldmask_Land_Ocean, Cloud_Pixel_Distance_Land_Ocean, Land_Ocean_Quality_Flag, Optical_Depth_Land_And_Ocean, Image_Optical_Depth_Land_And_Ocean, Average_Cloud_Pixel_Distance_Land_OceanAerosol Parameters from Land Retrieval Algorithm:Aerosol_Type_Land, Fitting_Error_Land, Surface_Reflectance_Land, Corrected_Optical_Depth_Land, Corrected_Optical_Depth_Land_wav2p1, Optical_Depth_Ratio_Small_Land, Number_Pixels_Used_Land, Mean_Reflectance_Land, STD_Reflectance_Land, Mass_Concentration_Land, Aerosol_Cloud_Fraction_Land, Quality_Assurance_Land, Topographic_Altitude_LandAerosol Parameters from Ocean Retrieval Algorithm:Solution_Index_Ocean_Small, Solution_Index_Ocean_Large, Effective_Optical_Depth_Best_Ocean, Effective_Optical_Depth_Average_Ocean, Optical_Depth_Small_Best_Ocean, Optical_Depth_Small_Average_Ocean, Optical_Depth_Large_Best_Ocean, Optical_Depth_Large_Average_Ocean, Mass_Concentration_Ocean, Aerosol_Cloud_Fraction_Ocean, Effective_Radius_Ocean, Effective_Optical_Depth_0p55um_Ocean, PSML003_Ocean, Asymmetry_Factor_Best_Ocean, Asymmetry_Factor_Average_Ocean, Backscattering_Ratio_Best_Ocean, Backscattering_Ratio_Average_Ocean, Angstrom_Exponent_1_Ocean, Angstrom_Exponent_2_Ocean, Least_Squares_Error_Ocean, Optical_Depth_Ratio_Small_Ocean_0.55micron, Optical_Depth_by_models_ocean, Number_Pixels_Used_Ocean, Mean_Reflectance_Ocean;, STD_Reflectance_Ocean, byte Quality_Assurance_Ocean, Glint_Angle, Wind_Speed_Ncep_OceanAerosol Parameters from Deep Blue Retrieval Algorithm:Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land, Deep_Blue_Spectral_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_Land, Deep_Blue_Angstrom_Exponent_Land, Deep_Blue_Spectral_Single_Scattering_Albedo_Land, Deep_Blue_Spectral_Surface_Reflectance_Land, Deep_Blue_Spectral_TOA_Reflectance_Land, Deep_Blue_Number_Pixels_Used_550_Land, Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_STD, Deep_Blue_Cloud_Fraction_Land, Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_QA_Flag, Deep_Blue_Algorithm_Flag_Land, Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_Best_Estimate, Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_Estimated_UncertaintyAerosol Parameters from Dark Target/Deep Blue Combine Algorithm:AOD_550_Dark_Target_Deep_Blue_Combined, AOD_550_Dark_Target_Deep_Blue_Combined_QA_Flag, AOD_550_Dark_Target_Deep_Blue_Combined_Algorithm_FlagThese aerosol par

AIRS/Aqua L1B Near Real Time (NRT) Visible/Near Infrared (VIS/NIR) geolocated and calibrated radiances V005 (AIRVBRAD_NRT) at GES DISC

The AIRS Visible/Near Infrared (VIS/NIR) Level 1B Near Real Time (NRT) product (AIRVBRAD_NRT_005) differs from the routine product (AIRVBRAD_005) in 2 ways to meet the three hour latency requirements of the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE): (1) The NRT granules are produced without previous or subsequent granules if those granules are not available within 5 minutes, (2) the predictive ephemeris/attitude data are used rather than the definitive ephemeris/attitude. The consequences of these differences are described in the AIRS Near Real Time (NRT) data products document. The AIRS VIS/NIR level 1B data set contains visible and near-infrared calibrated and geolocated radiances in W/m^2/micron/steradian for 4 channels in the 0.4 to 1.0 um region of the spectrum. The spectral range of the VIS/NIR channels are as follows: Channel 1 0.41 um - 0.44 um, Channel 2 0.58 um - 0.68 um, Channel 3 0.71 um - 0.92 um, Channel 4 0.49 um - 0.94 um. The AIRVBRAD_NRT_005 products are stored in files (often referred to as "granules") that contain 6 minutes of data, 90 footprints across track by 135 lines along track. The VIS/NIR granules are only produced in the daytime so there will always be fewer VIS/NIR granules than Infrared or microwave granules.

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Calibrated Radiances 5-Min L1B Swath 1km

The MODIS Level 1B Near Real Time (NRT) data set contains calibrated and geolocated at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete bands located in the 0.4 to 14.4 micron region of electromagentic spectrum. These data are generated from the MODIS Level 1A scans of raw radiance and in the process converted to geophysical units of W/(m^2 um sr). In addition, the Earth Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) may be determined for the solar reflective bands (1-19, 26) through knowledge of the solar irradiance (e.g., determined from MODIS solar diffuser data, and from the target illumination geometry). Additional data are provided including quality flags, error estimates and calibration data. Visible, shortwave infrared, and near infrared measurements are only made during the daytime, while radiances for the thermal infrared region (bands 20-25, 27-36) are measured continuously. Channel locations for MODIS are as follows: Band Center Wavelength (um) Primary Use---- ---------------------- -----------1 0.620 - 0.670 Land/Cloud Boundaries2 0.841 - 0.876 Land/Cloud Boundaries3 0.459 - 0.479 Land/Cloud Properties4 0.545 - 0.565 Land/Cloud Properties5 1.230 - 1.250 Land/Cloud Properties6 1.628 - 1.652 Land/Cloud Properties7 2.105 - 2.155 Land/Cloud Properties8 0.405 - 0.420 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton9 0.438 - 0.448 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton10 0.483 - 0.493 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton11 0.526 - 0.536 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton12 0.546 - 0.556 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton13 0.662 - 0.672 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton14 0.673 - 0.683 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton15 0.743 - 0.753 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton16 0.862 - 0.877 Ocean Color/Phytoplankton17 0.890 - 0.920 Atmospheric Water Vapor18 0.931 - 0.941 Atmospheric Water Vapor19 0.915 - 0.965 Atmospheric Water Vapor20 3.660 - 3.840 Surface/Cloud Temperature21 3.929 - 3.989 Surface/Cloud Temperature22 3.929 - 3.989 Surface/Cloud Temperature23 4.020 - 4.080 Surface/Cloud Temperature24 4.433 - 4.498 Atmospheric Temperature25 4.482 - 4.549 Atmospheric Temperature26 1.360 - 1.390 Cirrus Clouds27 6.535 - 6.895 Water Vapor Profile28 7.175 - 7.475 Water Vapor Profile29 8.400 - 8.700 Water Vapor Profile30 9.580 - 9.880 Ozone Overburden31 10.780 - 11.280 Surface/Cloud Temperature32 11.770 - 12.270 Surface/Cloud Temperature33 13.185 - 13.485 Cloud Top Altitude34 13.485 - 13.785 Cloud Top Altitude35 13.785 - 14.085 Cloud Top Altitude36 14.085 - 14.385 Cloud Top Altitude Channels 1 and 2 have 250 m resolution, channels 3 through 7 have 500m resolution, and the rest have 1 km resolution. However, for the MODIS L1B 1 km product, the 250 m and 500 m band radiance data and their associated uncertainties have been aggregated to 1km resolution. Thus the entire channel data set is referenced to the same spatial and geolocation scales. Separate L1B products are available for the 250 m channels (MYD02QKM) and 500 m channels (MYD02HKM) that preserve the original resolution of the data. Spatial resolution for pixels at nadir is 1 km, degrading to 4.8 km in the along-scan direction at the scan extremes. However, thanks to the overlapping of consecutive swaths and respectively pixels there, the resulting resolution at the scan extremes is about 2km. A 55 degree scanning pattern at the EOS orbit of 705 km results in a 2330km orbital swath width and provides global coverage every one to two days. A single MODIS Level 1B granule will nominally contain a scene built from 203 scans (or swaths) sampled 1354 times in the cross-track direction, corresponding to approximately 5 minutes worth of data. Since an individual MODIS scan (or swath) will contain 10 along-track spatial elements, the scene will be composed of (1354 x 2030) pixels, resulting in a spatial coverage of (2330 km x 2030 km). Due to the MODIS scan geometry, there will be increasing overlap occurring beyond about 25 degrees scan angle. To summarize, the MODIS L1B 1 km data product consists of: 1. Calibrated radiances and uncertainties for (2) 250 m reflected solar bands aggregated to 1km resolution 2. Calibrated radiances and uncertainties for (5) 500 m reflected solar bands aggregated to 1

MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Thermal Anomalies/Fire 5-Min L2 Swath 1km

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near-Real-Time (NRT) Aerosol Index 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2__AER_AI_HiR_NRT) at GES DISC

The Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near Real Time (NRT) Aerosol Index 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2__AER_AI_HiR_NRT) at GES DISC is the near real time version of the offline S5P_L2__AER_AI_HiR data product. These data are typically available within three hours of measurement as required by the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE). These data are intended for a rapid turnaround assessment and are only archived for up to ten days. Users who require a longer data record, or wish to conduct rigorous analysis should use the offline version of this product S5P_L2__AER_AI_HiR. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The TROPOMI UV Aerosol Index has been calculated based on wavelength dependent changes in Rayleigh scattering in the UV spectral range where ozone absorption is weak. A residual value is calculated from measured top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and per-calculated theoretical reflectance for a Rayleigh scattering-only atmosphere given a wavelength pair. TROPOMI UVAI products use the classical wavelength pair of 340/380 nm, and the OMI chosen 354/388 nm pair for the long-term continuous AI record. Figure 1 shows TROPOMI UVAI of orbit# 4060. Data are stored in individual files, or granules, that contain one orbit of information. The data are stored in netCDF4 data format and files and complete files are ~20 MB.