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opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Data supplement for "Thin-Film Modeling of Resting and Moving Active Droplets"

This dataset contains the data and source files for figures 4-10, 12, and 14-20 in the following publication:  S. Trinschek, F. Stegemerten, K. John and U. Thiele "Thin-Film Modeling of Resting and Moving Active Droplets" published in 2020 in Physical Review E. Please follow the instructions given in 'Readme.txt'.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Flying under the LiDAR: relating forest structure to bat activity, species richness, and presence

Dataset supporting article entitled "Flying under the LiDAR; relating forest structure to bat activity, species richness, and presence"

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Data from: Different genetic basis for ADH activity and plasticity in a novel alcohol environment for Drosophila melanogaster

Phenotypic plasticity is known to enhance population persistence (Wang and Althoff, 2019), facilitate adaptive evolution (Levis et al., 2018), and initiate novel phenotypes in novel environments (Levis and Pfennig, 2016). How plasticity can contribute or hinder adaptation to different environments hinges on its genetic architecture. Even though plasticity in many traits is genetically controlled, whether and how plasticity's genetic architecture might change in novel environments is still unclear. Because much of gene expression can be environmentally influenced, each environment may trigger different sets of genes that influence a trait. Using a quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach, we investigated the genetic basis of plasticity in a classic functional trait, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in D. melanogaster, across both historical and novel alcohol environments. Previous research in D. melanogaster has also demonstrated that ADH activity is plastic in response to alcohol concentration in substrates used by both adult flies and larvae. We found that across all environments tested, ADH activity was largely influenced by a single QTL encompassing the Adh coding gene and its known regulatory locus, delta-1. After controlling for the allelic variation of the Adh and delta-1 loci, we found additional but different minor QTLs in the 0% and 14% alcohol environments. In contrast, we discovered no major QTL for plasticity itself, including the Adh locus, regardless of the environmental gradients. This suggests that plasticity in ADH activity is likely influenced by many loci with small effects and that the Adh locus is not environmentally sensitive to dietary alcohol.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Apolipoprotein L-1 renal risk variants form active channels at the plasma membrane driving cytotoxicity

Recently evolved alleles of Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) provide increased protection against African trypanosome parasites while also significantly increasing the risk of developing kidney disease in humans. APOL1 protects against trypanosome infections by forming ion channels within the parasite, causing lysis. While the correlation to kidney disease is robust, there is little consensus concerning the underlying disease mechanism. We show in human cells that the APOL1 renal risk variants have a population of active channels at the plasma membrane, which results in an influx of both Na+ and Ca2+. We propose a model wherein APOL1 channel activity is the upstream event causing cell death, and that the activate-state, plasma membrane-localized channel represents the ideal drug target to combat APOL1-mediated kidney disease.

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Jun 2020View details →

ShimFall&ADL: Triaxial accelerometer fall and activities of daily living detection dataset

ShimFall&ADL dataset   Version 1.0 (2020-06-19) Please cite as: "T. Althobaiti, S. Katsigiannis, N. Ramzan, Triaxial accelerometer-based Fall and Activities of Daily Life detection using machine learning, Sensors, 20(13), 3777, 2020. doi: 10.3390/s20133777"   Disclaimer While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the data included in the ShimFall&ADL dataset, the authors and the University of the West of Scotland do not provide any guaranties and disclaim all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which you might incur as a result of the provided data being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and for any reason. 2020, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom. Contact For inquiries regarding the ShimFall&ADL dataset, please contact: Dr Stamos Katsigiannis, Stamos.Katsigiannis@uws.ac.uk, University of the West of Scotland Prof. Naeem Ramzan, Naeem.Ramzan@uws.ac.uk, University of the West of Scotland   Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank Md. Hasan Shahriar for the data collection under his MSc project.   Dataset summary The ShimFall&ADL dataset contains recordings from 35 individuals, acquired using a chest-strapped Shimmer v2 tri-axial accelerometer, recording at a 50Hz sampling rate. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment at a research lab in the University of the West of Scotland. Thirty five (35) healthy individuals were recruited among young or mid-aged volunteers, aged between 19 and 34 years old, having a body weight between 52 and 113 kg, and a body height between 1.45 and 1.82 m. Participants performed the following activities of daily living (ADL): Jumping Lying down Bending/picking up Sitting to a chair Standing up from a chair Walking Participants performed the following falls: Steep (hard) Front (soft) Front (hard) Left  (soft) Left  (hard) Right (soft) Right (hard) Back  (soft) Back  (hard) Data Each ".dat" file in the dataset corresponds to one event for one individual and contains 101 accelerometer samples corresponding to the event. Each row of the file corresponds to one 3-channel sample, dividing the x, y, z axes values using the "\t" character, as follows: Row 1: x1\ty1\tz1 Row 2: x2\ty2\tz2 ... Row N: xN\tyN\tzN The files within the dataset are named as follows: adl_<ADL activity>_<Participant ID>.dat <Fall Type>fall_<soft,hard>_<Participant ID>.dat For example, the file "adl_standingfromchair_18.dat" corresponds to the accelerometer recording of the 18th participant, performing the "standing up from chair" ADL. The file, "leftfall_soft_11.dat" corresponds to the accelerometer recording of the 11th participant, performing a soft left fall. Additional information For additional information regarding the creation of the ShimFall&ADL dataset, please refer to the associated publication: "T. Althobaiti, S. Katsigiannis, N. Ramzan, Triaxial accelerometer-based Fall and Activities of Daily Life detection using machine learning, Sensors, 20(13), 3777, 2020. doi: 10.3390/s20133777"

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

RIBuild: Laboratory based investigations of the materials' water activity and pH relative to mould growth

This dataset contains measurements of relative humidity and temperature in small test walls, from mycometer test and from measurements of moisture content in materials in the test walls. The objective of the study is to find the causes and conditions that lead to mould growth between a existing wall and installed insulation systems, and to suggest solutions to prevent mould growth.The study examines whether the alkaline environment (pH> 9), which may occur in the adhesive glue joint between the existing wall and the installed insulation is sufficient to prevent mould growth,even if the moisture (water activity (aw)) at the interface exceeds the levels (aw> 0.75) commonly considered critical for mould growth. The dataset also contains extensive photo documentation of preparations and carrying out the experiments. Further details to be found in appendix 5 of RIBuild deliverable 2.2 and in Jensen, N.F., Bjarløv, S.P., Rode, C., Andersen, B., Møller, E.B. (submitted 2020). Laboratory based investigation of the materials’ water activity and pH relative to fungal growth in internally insulated solid masonry walls. Indoor Air. Wiley. Overview of data files to be found in 'RIBuild data WP2_DTU Small walls' as part of this dataset.

Dataset for Supersaturation in the Wake of a Precipitating Hydrometeor and its Impact on Aerosol Activation

******************Dataset Details****************** 1. Article Title: Supersaturation in the Wake of a Precipitating Hydrometeor and its Impact on Aerosol Activation 2. Journal: Geophysical Research Letters, 47(22),  e2020GL091179, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091179">https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091179</a>, 2020 3. Name and contact information:     Eberhard Bodenschatz,     Laboratory for Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity,     Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization,     Am Faßberg 17,     37077 Göttingen, Germany 4. Email: eberhard.bodenschatz@ds.mpg.de 5. Funding: This research was funded by the Marie - Sk lodowska Curie Actions (MSCA) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 675675), and an extension to programme COMPLETE by Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino. 6. Abstract: The activation of aerosols impacts the life cycle of a cloud. A detailed understanding is necessary for reliable climate prediction. Recent laboratory experiments demonstrate that aerosols can be activated in the wake of precipitating hydrometeors. However, many quantitative aspects of this wake‐induced activation of aerosols remain unclear. Here, we report a detailed numerical investigation of the activation potential of wake‐induced supersaturation. By Lagrangian tracking of aerosols, we show that a significant fraction of aerosols are activated in the supersaturated wake. These “lucky aerosols” are entrained in the wake's vortices and reside in the supersaturated environment sufficiently long to be activated. Our analyses show that this wake‐induced activation of aerosols can contribute to the life cycle of the clouds. ******************Dataset Organization****************** 1. Datasets are organized in folders which correspond to Figures in the Letter or in the Supporting Information (e.g., Figure 1 or Figure S2). 2. Details of the entries can be found in the header of each dataset. 3. Details of the simulation setup can be found in the text of each Figure. ******************Software Details****************** 1. Open-source  LBM  library  Palabos  (Latt  et al., 2020). Link: https://palabos.unige.ch/ 2. Data visualization is achieved using open-source library ParaView version 5.7 and Gnuplot Version 5.2.

9-10-1288 Does the viscosity of the sub-phase effect the oxidation kinetics of surface active films on "glassy" cloud droplets

Binned Neutron reflectivity data for the titled experiment.

The electrical activity of Saharan dust as perceived from surface electric field observations: Field Mill Datasets

Electric Field Mill time series used for the reproduction of the results in the following manuscript: "The electrical activity of Saharan dust as perceived from surface electric field observations" - accepted in ACP Authors: Vasiliki Daskalopoulou, Sotirios A. Mallios, Zbigniew Ulanowski, George Hloupis, Anna Gialitaki, Ioanna Tsikoudi, Konstantinos Tassis and Vassilis Amiridis

Data from: Vestigial auriculomotor activity indicates the direction of auditory attention in humans

Unlike dogs and cats, people do not point their ears as they focus attention on novel, salient, or task-relevant stimuli. Our species may nevertheless have retained a vestigial pinna-orienting system that has persisted as a "neural fossil" within in the brain for about 25 million years. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrate that the direction of auditory attention is reflected in sustained electrical activity of muscles within the vestigial auriculomotor system. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) were taken from muscles that either move the pinna or alter its shape. To assess reflexive, stimulus-driven attention we presented novel sounds from speakers at four different lateral locations while the participants silently read a boring text in front of them. To test voluntary, goal-directed attention we instructed participants to listen to a short story coming from one of these speakers, while ignoring a competing story from the corresponding speaker on the opposite side. In both experiments, EMG recordings showed larger activity at the ear on the side of the attended stimulus, but with slightly different patterns. Upward movement (perking) differed according to the lateral focus of attention only during voluntary orienting; rearward folding of the pinna's upper-lateral edge exhibited such differences only during reflexive orienting. The existence of a pinna-orienting system in humans, one that is experimentally accessible, offers opportunities for basic as well as applied science.

Data from: Leptin increases sympathetic nerve activity via induction of its own receptor in the paraventricular nucleus

Whether leptin acts in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to increase sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is unclear, since PVN leptin receptors (LepR) are sparse. We show in rats that PVN leptin slowly increases SNA to muscle and brown adipose tissue, because it induces the expression of its own receptor and synergizes with local glutamatergic neurons. PVN LepR are not expressed in astroglia and rarely in microglia; instead, glutamatergic neurons express LepR, some of which project to a key presympathetic hub, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In PVN slices from mice expressing GCaMP6, leptin excites glutamatergic neurons. LepR are expressed mainly in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons, some of which project to the RVLM. Injections of TRH into the RVLM and dorsomedial hypothalamus increase SNA, highlighting these nuclei as likely targets. We suggest that this neuropathway becomes important in obesity, in which elevated leptin maintains the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis, despite leptin resistance.

Data from: Human disturbance and the activity patterns and temporal overlap of tapirs and jaguars in reserves of NW Belize.

Human disturbance from tourism and other non-consumptive activities in protected areas may be stressful to wildlife. Animals may move away in space or time to avoid human interaction. For species of particular conservation concern, such as Baird's tapirs (Tapirus bairdii) and jaguars (Panthera onca), a better understanding of how they respond to different levels and types of disturbance is needed in order to manage human visitation to parks in ways that minimize negative outcomes for wildlife. We describe the overlap of activity patterns of tapirs, jaguars, and humans at logged and unlogged sites and at places with low versus high human visitation using camera survey data from protected areas of northwest Belize, 2013-2016. Tapirs were nocturnal in all study sites, with >80 percent of all tapir detections occurring between 1900 h and 0500 h. Their activity patterns were not different in unlogged versus logged sites and did not change with increased human traffic. Jaguars were cathemeral across sites, but had more nocturnal activity at the site with the most human impact. Activity pattern overlap between tapirs and jaguars did not differ significantly between logged and unlogged sites, nor between areas with low and high human activity. Human traffic increased from 2013-2016 at most of the study locations. In conclusion, this camera trap dataset suggests that non-consumptive human disturbance does not alter the activity patterns of tapirs and jaguars in protected areas lacking hunting pressure.

Data from: Assessment of tumor treatment response using active contrast encoding (ACE)-MRI: comparison with conventional DCE-MRI

Purpose: To investigate the validity of contrast kinetic parameter estimates from Active Contrast Encoding (ACE)-MRI against those from conventional Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE)-MRI for evaluation of tumor treatment response in mouse tumor models. Methods: The ACE-MRI method that incorporates measurement of T1 and B1 into the enhancement curve washout region, was implemented on a 7T MRI scanner to measure tracer kinetic model parameters of 4T1 and GL261 tumors with treatment using bevacizumab and 5FU. A portion of the same ACE-MRI data was used for conventional DCE-MRI data analysis with a separately measured pre-contrast T1 map. Tracer kinetic model parameters, such as Ktrans (permeability area surface product) and ve (extracellular space volume fraction), estimated from ACE-MRI were compared with those from DCE-MRI, in terms of correlation and Bland-Altman analyses. Results: A three-fold increase of the median Ktrans by treatment was observed in the flank 4T1 tumors by both ACE-MRI and DCE-MRI. In contrast, the brain tumors did not show a significant change by the treatment in either ACE-MRI or DCE-MRI. Ktrans and ve values of the tumors from ACE-MRI were strongly correlated with those from DCE-MRI methods with correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.78, respectively, for the median values of 17 tumors. The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed a mean difference of -0.01 /min for Ktrans with the 95% limits of agreement of -0.12 /min to 0.09 /min, and -0.05 with -0.37 to 0.26 for ve. Conclusion: The tracer kinetic model parameters estimated from ACE-MRI and their changes by treatment closely matched those of DCE-MRI, which suggests that ACE-MRI can be used in place of conventional DCE-MRI for tumor progression monitoring and treatment response evaluation with a reduced scan time.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Young but not defenseless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect

Termites live in environments heavily colonized by diverse microbial communities, including pathogens. Eggs laid within the nest likely experience similar pathogenic pressures as their older nestmates. Consequently, they may have also been under selective pressures to be immune-competent. Through in vitro experiments, we tested the ontogeny, location and strength of embryos' antifungal activity against the fungus Metarhizium brunneum. Extraembryonic washes and intraembryonic components were incubated with fungal conidia, which was then scored for viability. Fungistatic activity was location- and stage-dependent. Extraembryonic washes had relatively weak antifungal activity. Conversely, intraembryonic contents were highly antifungal, exhibiting increased potency through development. Boiling both embryonic washes and intraembryonic contents rescued conidia viability, indicating the antifungal agent(s) is (are) likely proteinaceous. Embryonic protein profiles shifted from putative vitellogenins in young embryos to multiple proteins in subsequent stages, suggesting that the increase in fungistatic activity may be due to the expression of endogenous proteins during embryogenesis. This study is the first to address embryonic antifungal activity in a hemimetabolous eusocial taxon. Our results support the hypothesis that microbes have been significant agents of selection, fostering the evolution of antifungal properties even in the most immature and supposed, most vulnerable stage of development.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Data from: Sustained immune activation is associated with susceptibility to the amphibian chytrid fungus

The disease chytridiomycosis caused by the fungus Bd has devastated amphibian populations worldwide. Functional genomic contributions to host susceptibility remain enigmatic and vary between species and populations. We conducted experimental Bd infections in Rana yavapaiensis, a species with intraspecific variation in chytridiomycosis susceptibility, to assess the skin and spleen transcriptomic response to infection over time. We predicted that increased immune gene expression would be associated with a positive disease outcome, but we instead found that surviving frogs had significantly reduced immune gene expression compared to susceptible frogs and to uninfected controls. MHC class II gene expression was also significantly higher in susceptible frogs compared to surviving frogs. Furthermore, susceptible frogs expressed a significantly larger number of distinct class II alleles, demonstrating a negative correlation between class II expression, functional diversity, and survival. Expression of the MHC class II locus previously associated with Bd disease outcomes was a significant predictor of Bd infection intensity at early infection stages but not at late infection stages, suggesting initial MHC-linked immune processes are important for ultimate disease outcomes. We infer through disease association and phylogenetic analysis that certain MHC variants are linked to the immune expression that was negatively associated with survival, and we hypothesize that frogs that did not express these alleles could better survive infections. Our study finds that MHC expression at early and late infection stages predicts Bd infection intensity, and suggests that generating a sustained immune response against Bd may be counterproductive for surviving chytridiomycosis in this partially susceptible species.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity

Aim: Hotspots of human activity are focal points for ecosystem disturbance and non-native introduction, from which invading populations disperse and spread. As such, connectivity to locations used by humans may influence the likelihood of invasion. Moreover, connectivity in freshwater ecosystems may follow the hydrological network. Here we tested whether multiple forms of connectivity to human recreational activities promotes biological invasion of freshwater ecosystems. Location: England, UK. Time period: 1990-2018. Major taxa studied: 126 non-native freshwater birds, crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants. Methods: Machine learning was used to predict spatial gradients in human recreation and two high risk activities for invasion (fishing and water sports). Connectivity indices were developed for each activity, in which human influence decayed from activity hotspots according to Euclidean distance (spatial connectivity) or hydrological network distance (downstream, upstream and along-channel connectivity). Generalised linear mixed models identified the connectivity type most associated to invasive species richness of each group, while controlling for other anthropogenic and environmental drivers. Results: Connectivity to humans generally had stronger positive effects on invasion than all other drivers except recording effort. Recreation had stronger influence than urban land cover, and for most groups high risk activities had stronger effects than general recreation. Downstream human connectivity was most important for invasion by most of the groups, potentially reflecting predominantly hydrological dispersal. An exception was birds, for which spatial connectivity was most important, possibly because of overland dispersal capacity. Main conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that freshwater invasion is partly determined by an interaction between human activity and species dispersal in the hydrological network. By comparing alternative connectivity types for different human activities, our approach could enable robust inference of specific pathways and spread mechanisms associated with particular taxa. This would provide evidence to support better prioritisation of surveillance and management for invasive non-native species.

Application specific network traffic with specified activities

This dataset contains network traffic of 12 different containerized, isolated applications. It includes headers of network traffic data in the initial two minutes of execution of the application. We have specified each network traffic with an activity that the application was involved in during traffic capturing.   ------------------------------------ Application name, No. of samples, Engaged activity while capturing ------------------------------------ Curl, 60, downloading Firefox, 47, browsing mpg123, 99, audio streaming mplayer, 82, audio streaming mpv, 48, video streaming Slack, 58, no chatting (just opening the app and menus) streamlink, 57, video streaming Trello, 46, just opening the app (just opening the app and menus) Vlc, 102, audio streaming w3m, 60, downloading wget, 20, file downloading wgetaudio, 20, file downloading(audio) wgetvideo, 20, file downloading(video) ydm (mplayer + youtube-dl),61, video streaming

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Data for 'Robust Enhancement of Tropical Convective Activity by the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming'

These data were used for making plots in the manuscript entitled 'Robust Enhancement of Tropical Convective Activity by the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming'. DOI: 10.1029/2020GL088743. Data format is NetCDF.

Data from: Body temperature, heart rate, and activity patterns of two boreal homeotherms in winter: homeostasis, allostasis, and ecological coexistence

<ol> <li>Organisms survive environmental variation by combining homeostatic regulation of critical states with allostatic variation of other traits, and species differences in these responses can contribute to coexistence in temporally-variable environments.</li> <li>In this paper, we simultaneously record variation in three functional traits – body temperature (Tb), heart rate, and activity - in relation to three forms of environmental variation – air temperature (Ta), photoperiod, and experimentally-manipulated resource levels – in free-ranging snowshoe hares and North American red squirrels to characterize distinctions in homeotherm responses to the extreme conditions of northern boreal winters.</li> <li>Hares and squirrels differed in the level and precision of Tb regulation, but also in the allostatic pathways necessary to maintain thermal homeostasis. Hares demonstrated a stronger metabolic pathway (through heart rate variation reflective of the thermogenesis), while squirrels demonstrated a stronger behavioral pathway (through activity variation that minimizes cold exposure).</li> <li>As intermediate-sized, winter-active homeotherms, hares and squirrels share many functional attributes, yet, through the integrated monitoring of multiple functional traits in response to shared environmental variation, our study reveals many pairwise species differences in homeostatic and allostatic traits, that both define and are defined by the natural history, functional niches, and coexistence of sympatric species.</li> </ol>