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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
Fig. 4. Pandanus solms-laubachii. A. Habitat. B. Axillary plantlets. C. Syncarp. D in Pandanus grayorum (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to north-eastern Queensland (Australia)
Fig. 4. Pandanus solms-laubachii. A. Habitat. B. Axillary plantlets. C. Syncarp. D. Phalanges with pileus. All images of Gray 9926: by M. Callmander (A, B) and by B. Gray (C, D).
Fig. 1. Pandanus grayorum. A. Habitat. B. Phalanges with pileus. C. Syncarp with axillary plantlets. D. Staminate flowers. E. Plantlet. F in Pandanus grayorum (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to north-eastern Queensland (Australia)
Fig. 1. Pandanus grayorum. A. Habitat. B. Phalanges with pileus. C. Syncarp with axillary plantlets. D. Staminate flowers. E. Plantlet. F. Staminate inflorescence. Images of Field & Zich 5017 by A. Field (A). Images of Gray 9976 (type) by B. Gray (B, C). Images of Field & Zich 5019 by A. Field (D, F). Image of Field & Zich 5015 by A. Field (E).
Fig. 3. Pandanus gemmifer. A. Habitat. B. Axillary plantlets. C. Syncarp. D in Pandanus grayorum (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to north-eastern Queensland (Australia)
Fig. 3. Pandanus gemmifer. A. Habitat. B. Axillary plantlets. C. Syncarp. D. Phalanges with pileus. All images of Gray 9928: by M. Callmander (A, B) and by B. Gray (C, D).
Evidence for ecological processes driving speciation among endemic lizards of Madagascar
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Although genetic patterns produced by population isolation during speciation are well documented, the biogeographic and ecological processes that trigger speciation remain poorly understood. Alternative hypotheses for the biogeography and ecology of speciation include geographic isolation combined with niche conservation (soft allopatry), or parapatric distribution on an environmental gradient with niche divergence (ecological speciation). Here we utilize species' distributions, environmental data and two null models (Random Translation and Rotation, RTR, and the Background Similarity Test, BST) to test these alternative hypotheses among 28 sister pairs of micro-endemic lizards in Madagascar. Our results demonstrate strong bimodal peaks along a niche divergence-conservation spectrum, with at least 25 out of 28 sister pairs exhibiting either niche conservation or divergence, and the remaining pairs showing weak ecological signals. Yet despite these significant results, we do not find strong associations of niche conservation with allopatric distributions, or niche divergence with parapatric distributions. Our findings thus provide strong evidence of a role for ecological processes driving speciation, rather than the classic expectation of speciation through geographic isolation, but demonstrate that the link between ecological speciation and parapatry is complex and requires further analysis of a broader taxonomic sample to fully resolve.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Castela senticosa (Simaroubaceae: Sapindales), a new species from the Caribbean clade endemic to seasonally dry tropical forest on Hispaniola
<p>Recent fieldwork in the Sierra Martín García in southwestern Dominican Republic has yielded a new species of the American clade <i>Castela</i> (Simaroubaceae), <b><i>Castela senticosa</i></b> sp. nov., from seasonally dry tropical forest. This species has been collected from two separate localities, including Môle St. Nicolas in northwestern Haiti in 1929, but until now fertile material with both flowers and fruit was unknown. We provide a photographic plate and illustration, place it phylogenetically using plastome data, and compare it morphologically with close relatives. This increases the number of known species of <i>Castela</i> on Hispaniola from one to two, both of which are endemic but from different clades, and yields another species for the Greater Antilles, a known biodiversity hotspot and clear center of diversification for this group of arid-adapted, thorny shrubs. This work emphasizes that seasonally dry tropical forest, although often understudied, house as yet undiscovered biodiversity and deserve far more comprehensive studies.</p>
Distribution. Endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Ranges from the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal to the S tip of the Indian peninsula, also in Bangladesh and Pakistan. in Canidae
Distribution. Endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Ranges from the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal to the S tip of the Indian peninsula, also in Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Seed size and capitulum position drive germination and dormancy responses to projected warming for the threatened dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae)
<p>Among coastal plant species at risk from rapid environmental changes is the North American Great Lakes dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri. Despite being listed as federally threatened, little is known about how C. pitcheri seed attributes influence germination and dormancy-break patterns in the context of climate change. Following a previous work where we found differences in the number and weight of C. pitcheri seeds among capitulum positions and study sites, here we examine the effects of seed attributes (capitulum position, seed weight and site of origin) on the proportion and timing of C. pitcheri seed germination under temperature treatments that simulate projected warming in the Great Lakes (20/10°C, 25/10°C and 30/10°C day/night). Our results demonstrate that C. pitcheri produces diverse cohorts of seeds with seed attributes that significantly influence the timing and probability of germination over a three-year soil seed bank. C. pitcheri seed germination proportions were highest at 20°C and decreased successively at 25°C and 30°C. Seeds from terminal capitula had higher germination proportions and took longer to germinate than those from secondary capitula. The effect of seed weight on germination probability also depended on site of origin and capitulum position, with all effects varying in size and significance over time. Our results highlight the considerable differences in germination patterns exhibited by seeds from different capitulum positions and sites of origin and provide insight into the dormancy-break patterns that C. pitcheri might experience under the predicted temperature rise in the Great Lakes region of North America.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery of Oocephalus foliosus (Hyptidinae-Lamiaceae): notes on taxonomy and conservation of a species endemic to the campo rupestre of Central Brazil
FIGURE 2. Oocephalus foliosus: a: Flowering branch; b: Inflorescence in detail; c: Detail of outer bracteoles highlighting glandular trichomes. Photos: Arthur Soares.
FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery of Oocephalus foliosus (Hyptidinae-Lamiaceae): notes on taxonomy and conservation of a species endemic to the campo rupestre of Central Brazil
FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Oocephalus foliosus (white triangles). White circle with black dot represents Brasília, federal capital of Brazil. Acronyms refers to Brazilian states: DF: Distrito Federal; GO: Goiás; MG: Minas Gerais.
FIGURE 1 in Larval external morphology and chondrocranium of Leptobrachella bidoupensis (Anura: Megophryidae), an endemic litter toad from southern Vietnam
FIGURE 1. External morphology of the Leptobrachella bidoupensis tadpole (ZMMU A-7618, Stage 26, TL 41.6 mm, SVL 15.7 mm): (A) dorsal view; (B), lateral view; (C) oral disc; (D) jaw sheaths; (E) narial ornamentation. (F) Young metamorph (Stage 45, TL 25.5 mm, SVL 18.4 mm). (G) Habitat of L. bidoupensis on Bidoup Mountain, Bidoup–Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.
FIGURE 2 in Larval external morphology and chondrocranium of Leptobrachella bidoupensis (Anura: Megophryidae), an endemic litter toad from southern Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Larval chondrocranium in Leptobrachella bidoupensis (Stage 26, TL 57.4 mm, SVL 19.5 mm): (A) chondrocranium, dorsal view; (B) lower jaw, frontal view; and (C) hyobranchial apparatus, ventral view. Abbreviations: ac articular condyle, appq ascending process of the palatoquadrate, ar adrostral cartilage, bb basibranchial, cbr ceratobranchials, chy ceratohyal, exo exoccipital bone, hbp hypobranchial plate, irc infrarostral cartilage, Mc Meckel's cartilage, mp muscular process, oc otic capsule, pp posterior process, pq palatoquadrate, pro prootic bone, qcc quadratocranial commissure, sb subocular bar, sp spicule, src suprarostral cartilage, th trabecular horns, ts tectum synoticum, ubp urobranchial process. Scale bar 1 mm.
Distribution. Endemic to the Palawan faunal region, including Palawan, Culion, Busuanga, and Calauit Is. Introduced to Apulit I. in Manidae
Distribution. Endemic to the Palawan faunal region, including Palawan, Culion, Busuanga, and Calauit Is. Introduced to Apulit I.
Distribution. Okapis are endemic to the rain forests of the N & NE DR Congo, and the Ituri forest in particular. in Giraffidae
Distribution. Okapis are endemic to the rain forests of the N & NE DR Congo, and the Ituri forest in particular.
Distribution. Llamas are found at 3800-5000 m above sea level in the Central Andes, from C Peru to W Bolivia and N Argentina. Llama distribution reached its apex during the expansion of the Inca Empire (1470-1532 ap), when pack trains were used to carry supplies for the royal armies to S Colombia and C Chile. Although originally indigenous and endemic to South America, Llamas have now been exported to countries around the world as a companion animal, featured in livestock shows, used for trekking and backpacking, cottage industry and home use ofits wool, and in North America increasingly utilized as a guard animal for protecting sheep and goats from canid predators. in Camelidae
Distribution. Llamas are found at 3800-5000 m above sea level in the Central Andes, from C Peru to W Bolivia and N Argentina. Llama distribution reached its apex during the expansion of the Inca Empire (1470-1532 ap), when pack trains were used to carry supplies for the royal armies to S Colombia and C Chile. Although originally indigenous and endemic to South America, Llamas have now been exported to countries around the world as a companion animal, featured in livestock shows, used for trekking and backpacking, cottage industry and home use ofits wool, and in North America increasingly utilized as a guard animal for protecting sheep and goats from canid predators.
Distribution. The Anoa is endemic to Sulawesi and Buton Is, with no records from other small neighboring islands. in Bovidae
Distribution. The Anoa is endemic to Sulawesi and Buton Is, with no records from other small neighboring islands.
Distribution. Apparently endemic to Nkosi I, the southernmost island of the Sesse Archipelago in north-western Lake Victoria. Nkosi I is about 64 km offshore from the Ugandan mainland and about 6 km from its closest neighboring island. in Bovidae
Distribution. Apparently endemic to Nkosi I, the southernmost island of the Sesse Archipelago in north-western Lake Victoria. Nkosi I is about 64 km offshore from the Ugandan mainland and about 6 km from its closest neighboring island.
Subspecies and Distribution. H.b.bruceiGray,1868—Ethiopia. H.b.albipesHollister,1922—Kenya. H.b.bakeriGray,1874—Uganda. H.b.bocageiGray,1869—Angola. H.b.chapiniHatt,1933—DRCongo. H.b.dieseneriBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.fromm:Brauer,1913—Tanzania. H.b.grantiWroughton,1910—SouthAfrica. H.b.hindeiWroughton,1910—Kenya. H.b.hoogstraaliSetzer,1956—Sudan. H.b.kemp:Thomas,1910—Kenya. H.b.lademanniBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.manningiWroughton,1910—Malawi. H.b.mossambicusPeters,1870—Mozambique. H.b.muenzneriBrauer,1913—Tanzania. H.b.princepsThomas,1910—Ethiopia. H.b.prittwitziBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.pumilusThomas,1910—Somaliland. H.b.rudd:Wroughton,1910—Mozambique. H.b.rudolfiThomas,1910—Ethiopia. H.b.somalicusThomas,1892—Somaliland. H.b.ssongeaeBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.thomasiNeumann,1901—Sudan. H. b. victorianjansae Brauer, 1917 — Tanzania. Endemic to Africa from NE Sudan throughout the Horn of Africa, south to Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa, and also isolated populations in Angola. Determining the limits of subspecific distribution is not possible for the moment, but the subspecies and the countries bearing their type localities are included above. in Procaviidae
Subspecies and Distribution. H.b.bruceiGray,1868—Ethiopia. H.b.albipesHollister,1922—Kenya. H.b.bakeriGray,1874—Uganda. H.b.bocageiGray,1869—Angola. H.b.chapiniHatt,1933—DRCongo. H.b.dieseneriBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.fromm:Brauer,1913—Tanzania. H.b.grantiWroughton,1910—SouthAfrica. H.b.hindeiWroughton,1910—Kenya. H.b.hoogstraaliSetzer,1956—Sudan. H.b.kemp:Thomas,1910—Kenya. H.b.lademanniBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.manningiWroughton,1910—Malawi. H.b.mossambicusPeters,1870—Mozambique. H.b.muenzneriBrauer,1913—Tanzania. H.b.princepsThomas,1910—Ethiopia. H.b.prittwitziBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.pumilusThomas,1910—Somaliland. H.b.rudd:Wroughton,1910—Mozambique. H.b.rudolfiThomas,1910—Ethiopia. H.b.somalicusThomas,1892—Somaliland. H.b.ssongeaeBrauer,1917—Tanzania. H.b.thomasiNeumann,1901—Sudan. H. b. victorianjansae Brauer, 1917 — Tanzania. Endemic to Africa from NE Sudan throughout the Horn of Africa, south to Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa, and also isolated populations in Angola. Determining the limits of subspecific distribution is not possible for the moment, but the subspecies and the countries bearing their type localities are included above.
FIGURE 4. Fungus-harvestman interaction. A in First record of the interaction between the arthropod-pathogenic fungus Gibellula and a new species of harvestman Auranus (Stygnidae) narrowly endemic to the Brazilian rain forest
FIGURE 4. Fungus-harvestman interaction. A) Habitus of male Auranus quilombola sp. nov. without fungus infection. B) A. quilombola sp. nov. male, parasitized by arthropod-pathogenic fungus Gibellula sp. C) Details of the fungus Gibellula sp. parasitizing the harvestman A. quilombola sp. nov. (blue arrow shows the mycelium; red arrow shows the perithecium).
FIGURE 3 in First record of the interaction between the arthropod-pathogenic fungus Gibellula and a new species of harvestman Auranus (Stygnidae) narrowly endemic to the Brazilian rain forest
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Auranus quilombola sp. nov. and other Auranus species. A) Records of A. quilombola sp. nov. in Brejos de Altitude of Ceará state. Black dots are the known records, red arrow is the location of observation of fungusharvestmen interaction, full line is the Brejos Cearenses area of endemism delimitation. B) Distribution of Auranus species in the Amazon forest according Colmenares et al. (2016) and the new species in Atlantic forest. In detail, South America with the two great blocks of rain forest, Amazonian and Atlantic forest, showing the geographic locations of A and B.
FIGURE 2 in First record of the interaction between the arthropod-pathogenic fungus Gibellula and a new species of harvestman Auranus (Stygnidae) narrowly endemic to the Brazilian rain forest
FIGURE 2. Penis of Auranus quilombola sp. nov. (Holotype, UFPB OP-901), dorsal view on the left, lateral view at the center, and ventral view on the right. Details of macrosetae are shown with colors. Scale = 0.25 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.