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FIG. 6 in Current status of the Crocodile Lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 in Vietnam with implications for conservation measures

FIG. 6 Main threats to S. crocodilurus in Vietnam. (A) Coal-mining exploration close to the species' habitat; (B) Opening of the forest with roads to facilitate coal-mining throughout the nature reserves; (C) Preserved S. crocodilurus in alcohol, used for traditional medicine in Quang Ninh Province. Photos: M. Bernardes & M. van Schingen.

FIG. 2 in Current status of the Crocodile Lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 in Vietnam with implications for conservation measures

FIG. 2 Map of the current distribution of Shinisaurus crocodilurus. Red dots represent occurrence records.

FIG. 5 in Current status of the Crocodile Lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 in Vietnam with implications for conservation measures

FIG. 5 Slash and burn practices in Tay Yen Tu NR, Vietnam. (A) example of forest fire; (B) burned area cleared for agricultural purposes or exploration by the paper industry. Photos: M. Bernardes & M. van Schingen.

FIG. 1 in Current status of the Crocodile Lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 in Vietnam with implications for conservation measures

FIG. 1 Shinisaurus crocodilurus in its natural habitat in Tay Yen Tu NR, Vietnam. Photo: M. van Schingen.

FIG. 4 in Current status of the Crocodile Lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 in Vietnam with implications for conservation measures

FIG. 4 Distribution of different age classes of S. crocodilurus in Vietnam. (A) Frequency of observed juveniles, subadults and adults from three nature reserves, p <0.001; (B) Frequency shift (of juveniles, subadults and adults) in Tay Yen Tu NR between 2010 and 2013, p <0.05.

Data from: Spatial variation in the biotic and abiotic filters of oyster recruitment: Implications for restoration

Attempts to restore marine ecosystems are increasing, but the success of projects remains variable. For marine invertebrates, the establishment of self-sustaining populations requires a larval supply as well as conditions that permit recruitment. Abiotic and biotic conditions that determine recruitment can vary across environmental gradients and have opposing or reinforcing effects. We assessed how predation and tidal inundation influence recruitment of the reef-forming oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, at 15 sites, 5 estuaries and 8 degrees of latitude in eastern Australia. Oysters recruited to all 15 sites, but their density displayed spatially variable effects of tidal inundation and caging. Effects of tidal inundation and caging were weakest at the two lower-latitude estuaries where recruitment was low overall, average temperature and turbidity were high and dissolved oxygen low. At higher-latitude estuaries, where abiotic conditions were more favourable for recruitment, recruit density displayed tidal elevation gradients that were dependent on caging and time. Initially, recruit density decreased with tidal inundation (and exposure to finfish predators), in the uncaged but not the caged treatment. However, over time the elevation gradient disappeared, and recruitment and survival of oysters was greater in caged than uncaged treatments irrespective of elevation. Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that both abiotic (i.e. temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen) and biotic (i.e. predation) factors can negatively influence oyster recruitment and, hence, restoration success. Consequently, oyster reef restoration projects should be planned to prioritise sites with low turbidity, high dissolved oxygen and low predation unless these stressors can be mitigated. Restoration projects that are designed with knowledge of local stressors are more likely to be successful.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Raw data for "Plot-scale variability of organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils - Implications for soil monitoring"

This dataset is the raw data that belongs to a peer-reviewed study on the small-distance variability of soil organic carbon in agricultural soils in Germany. It consists of three different files. The first file gives the coordinates of the 16 soil cores that were taken at each of the 16 sites (eight cropland and eight grassland sites). The second file gives the soil properties measured at each individual core (n=16 per site) and the third file the soil properties measured at each indivdual soil profile (n=6 per site).

Data from: The war of corals: patterns, drivers, and implications of changing coral competitive performances across reef environments

Amidst global environmental changes, predicting species responses to future environments is a critical challenge for preserving biodiversity and associated human benefits. We explored the original idea that coral competitive performances, the ability of corals to preempt ecological space on the reef through territorial warfare, serve as indicators of species' ecological niches and environmental windows, and therefore, responses to future environments. Our surveys indicated that coral performances varied with taxonomic-identity, size, and position along environmental gradients, highlighting complex interplays between life-history, warfare-strategy, and niche segregation. Our results forewarn that growing alterations of coastal environments may trigger shifts in coral dominance, with decline of major reef-building taxa like acroporids, and underscore the importance of restraining human impacts for coastal resilience. Our empirical approach untangles the complexity of species' battle-like interactions and can help identify winners and losers in various communities caught in the interplay between ecological niches, environmental windows, and global changes.

FIGURE 5 in The phylogenetic status of Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983) (Anura: Dicroglossidae based on mitochondrial genes and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 5. Fifty percent majority-rule consensus phylogram resulting from Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 1,696 aligned characters of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene and its flanking regions from frogs of the genus Limnonectes. Numbers at nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥95% (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values ≥ 70% on right, with lower support values denoted by "–". Numbers following terminals are localities presented in Figure 1. The scale bar represents 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per site.

FIGURE 2 in The phylogenetic status of Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983) (Anura: Dicroglossidae based on mitochondrial genes and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 2. Limnonectes liui in life (male) from Brown Mountain, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China in (A) lateral, (B) ventral, (C) dorsal,

FIGURE 1 in The phylogenetic status of Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983) (Anura: Dicroglossidae based on mitochondrial genes and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 1. Geographic distributions of Limnonectes liui (stars) and Limnonectes limborgi (circles). The type locality of L. limborgi at "Tenasserim", Myanmar is near Site 21 and the type locality of L. liui at Menglun, Yunnan Province, China is near Site 1.

FIGURE 4 in The phylogenetic status of Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983) (Anura: Dicroglossidae based on mitochondrial genes and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 4. Male Limnonectes limborgi from Phou Dendin National Protected Area, Phongsaly District, Phongsaly Province, Laos [North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCSM) 86616] in (A) lateral view in life and (B) ventral and (C) dorsal views immediately prior to preservation.

FIGURE 3 in The phylogenetic status of Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983) (Anura: Dicroglossidae based on mitochondrial genes and its taxonomic implications

FIGURE 3. Limnonectes liui in life (male) from Brown Mountain, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (A) dorsal hand, (B) palmar, (C) dorsal foot, and (D) plantar views in life, and (E) tongue and (F) maxillary and vomerine teeth views in preservative.

Common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) are positively associated with humans and forest degradation with implications for seed dispersal and zoonotic diseases

Habitat loss and degradation can undermine wildlife communities and ecosystem functioning. However, certain generalist wildlife species like mesopredators and omnivores can exploit these disturbed habitats, sometimes leading to population increases (e.g., "mesopredator release" in degraded areas). Although mesopredator release may cause negative effects on food webs and zoonotic disease management, some disturbance-tolerant species may help perpetuate important ecological interactions, such as seed dispersal. We evaluated the habitat associations of common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), which are widespread generalist mesopredators in Southeast Asia. Common palm civets are also high-quality seed dispersers, and potential zoonotic disease hosts. We used published and new camera trapping data to map their probability of presence across Southeast Asia and evaluate regional-scale associations between capture rates and habitat variables such as elevation, ecoregion intactness, and Human Footprint Index, among others. We also assessed the influence of habitat variables on their relative abundance at the local scale. At the regional scale, we found that common palm civets showed significant positive associations with landscapes characterized by lower ecoregion intactness, higher Human Footprint Index, and lower elevations. At the local scale, their relative abundance showed a significant positive association with higher Human Footprint Index, but only to a certain point, after which it started decreasing. They also favored lower elevations at the local scale. These multi-scale results indicate that common palm civets' abundance can increase under certain levels of human disturbances, consistent with the "mesopredator release" hypothesis. This suggests they may be crucial seed dispersers in degraded forest landscapes, especially where more sensitive seed dispersers have disappeared. Our results are also consistent with previous studies reporting that habitat degradation increases populations of potential zoonotic disease hosts, and thus risks of transmission to humans.

Micro-personality traits and their implications for behavioural and movement ecology research

<ol> <li>Many animal personality traits have implicit movement‐based definitions, and can directly or indirectly influence ecological and evolutionary processes. It has therefore been proposed that animal movement studies could benefit from acknowledging and studying consistent inter-individual differences (personality), and, conversely, animal personality studies could adopt a more quantitative representation of movement patterns.</li> <li>Using high-resolution tracking data of three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we examined the repeatability of four movement parameters commonly used in the analysis of discrete time-series movement data (time stationary, step-length, turning angle, burst frequency), and four behavioural parameters commonly used in animal personality studies (distance travelled, space use, time in free water, time near objects).</li> <li>Fish showed repeatable inter-individual differences in both movement and behavioural parameters when observed in a simple environment with two, three, or five shelters present. Moreover, individuals that spend less time stationary, take more direct paths and less commonly burst travel (movement parameters), were found to travel farther, explored more of the tank, and spent more time in open water (behavioural parameters).</li> <li>Our case-study indicates that the two approaches – quantifying movement and behavioural parameters – are broadly equivalent, and we suggest that movement parameters can be viewed as "micro-personality" traits that give rise to broad-scale consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour. This finding has implications for both personality and movement ecology research areas. For example, the study of movement parameters may provide a robust way to analyse individual personalities in species that are difficult or impossible to study using standardised behavioural assays. </li> </ol>

Continuous glucose monitoring in cystic fibrosis: glycemic relationships, clinical correlations, and implications for CFRD diagnosis

Context: The clinical utility and implications of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in cystic fibrosis (CF) are unclear. Objective: We examined the correlation between CGM measures and clinical outcomes in adults with CF, investigated the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and CGM-derived average glucose (AG), and explored CGM measures that distinguish cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) from normal and abnormal glucose tolerance. Methods: This prospective observational study included 77 adults with CF who had CGM and HbA1c measured at 2 to 3 time points 3 months apart. Results: Thirty-one of the 77 participants met American Diabetes Association–recommended diagnostic criteria for CFRD by oral glucose tolerance testing and/or HbA1c. In all participants, CGM measures of hyperglycemia and glycemic variability correlated with nutritional status and pulmonary function. HbA1c was correlated with AG (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.001), with no significant difference between this regression line and that previously established in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and healthy volunteers. Cutoffs of 17.5% time > 140 mg/dL and 3.4% time > 180 mg/dL had sensitivities of 87% and 90%, respectively, and specificities of 95%, for identifying CFRD. Area under the curve and percent of participants correctly classified with CFRD were higher for AG, SD, % time > 140, > 180, and > 250 mg/dL than for HbA1c. Conclusion: CGM measures of hyperglycemia and glycemic variability are superior to HbA1c in distinguishing those with and without CFRD. CGM-derived AG is strongly correlated with HbA1c in adults with CF, with a similar relationship to other diabetes populations. Future studies are needed to investigate CGM as a diagnostic and screening tool for CFRD.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic status of some unique species representing Blapstinina Mulsant & Rey (Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Opatrini), and implications for continued study of the subtribe

FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of subtribe Blapstinina. Figured topology was recovered in maximum likelihood analysis using IQ-Tree. Ultrafast bootstrap values (1,000 replicates) (integers) and posterior probabilities (20 million generations) acquired in Bayesian analysis (decimals) are displayed in red. The three investigated Blapstinina species are displayed in blue. Male genitalia (1–4) of selected species (dorsal views) are illustrated on the left. Topologies of collapsed clades ('remaining Opatrini' & 'Dendarini + Pedininini + Playtonotini') are fully consistent with those presented in Lumen et al. (2020).

FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic status of some unique species representing Blapstinina Mulsant & Rey (Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Opatrini), and implications for continued study of the subtribe

FIGURE 3. Morphology of female and male terminalia of selected Blapstinina species. (A–C) Lodinus punctulatus comb. nov., (D) Lodinus araguae comb. nov., (E, F) Blapstinus tibialis. (A, B, E) ovipositor, (C, F) genital tubes, (D) parameres. Abbreviations: ag—accessory gland, b—hooked baculus of c4, c1–c4—subsequent lobes of coxites, g—gonostylus, sp—spermatheca, vag—vagina.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic status of some unique species representing Blapstinina Mulsant & Rey (Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Opatrini), and implications for continued study of the subtribe

FIGURE 2. Morphology of studied Blapstinina species. Habitus photographs and diagnostic features. (A–C) Lodinus punctulatus comb. nov., (D–F) Lodinus araguae comb. nov., (G) Blapstinus tibialis, (H, I) Blapstinus grandis. (B) protarsus, (C) mesotarsus, (D) last 5 antennomeres, (I) apical tip of epipleura.