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FIGURE 2. Chusquea contrerasii. A. Bud complement showing buds and lateral root appendages. B. Branch complement showing infravaginal branching and branches. C in Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Chusquea contrerasii. A. Bud complement showing buds and lateral root appendages. B. Branch complement showing infravaginal branching and branches. C. Apical culm fragment, showing branches and foliage leaves. D. Mid culm, showing branches and foliage leaves. E. Synflorescences and spikelets. Photos by Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez (A-D) and Alejandra Flores-Argüelles (E).
FIGURE. Floral asymmetry patterns found in the studied species. Flower with the adaxial petal like a standard in Ch. celiae (A), Ch. megacycla (B), Ch. pachyclada (C), Ch. crenulata (D), Ch. tocantinensis (E), Ch. orbiculata (F). Flower with four slightly elevated flat petals and one asymmetric lower lateral Ch. claussenii. (G). Flower with one of the inner petals small and the other coiled in the androecium in Ch. cercidifolia (H). Flower with adaxial petal and right upper lateral similar in shape and size in the same plane in Ch. cyclophylla (I), Ch. claussenii (J), Ch. rigidifolia (K) e Ch. veadeirana (L). in Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
FIGURE. Floral asymmetry patterns found in the studied species. Flower with the adaxial petal like a standard in Ch. celiae (A), Ch. megacycla (B), Ch. pachyclada (C), Ch. crenulata (D), Ch. tocantinensis (E), Ch. orbiculata (F). Flower with four slightly elevated flat petals and one asymmetric lower lateral Ch. claussenii. (G). Flower with one of the inner petals small and the other coiled in the androecium in Ch. cercidifolia (H). Flower with adaxial petal and right upper lateral similar in shape and size in the same plane in Ch. cyclophylla (I), Ch. claussenii (J), Ch. rigidifolia (K) e Ch. veadeirana (L).
Figure 29. Right lower jaw. A, lateral view. B in Cranial osteology and preliminary phylogenetic assessment of Plectrurus aureus Beddome, 1880 (Squamata: Serpentes: Uropeltidae)
Figure 29. Right lower jaw. A, lateral view. B, medial view. Abbreviations: ang, angular; cb, compound bone; co, coronoid; d, dentary; spl, splenial. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 59. Hind leg, lateral view. A in Beyond the wasp-waist: structural diversity and phylogenetic significance of the mesosoma in apocritan wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Figure 59. Hind leg, lateral view. A, Phaenoserphus sp. (Proctotrupidae); B, Eurytoma gigantea (Eurytomidae); C, Megischus sp. (Stephanidae); D, Acanthochalcis nigricans (Chalcididae). Abbreviations in Appendix 2.
Figure 42. Fore leg, lateral view. A in Beyond the wasp-waist: structural diversity and phylogenetic significance of the mesosoma in apocritan wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Figure 42. Fore leg, lateral view. A, Aleiodes terminalis (Braconidae); B, Acanthochalcis nigricans (Chalcididae); C, Periclistus brandtii (Cynipidae); D, Rhopalosoma nearcticum (Rhopalosomatidae). Abbreviation in Appendix 2.
FIGURE 7. Mikrischyrum festae Griffini, 1896 n. comb. Male habitus A. Lateral and B in Studies on Neotropical Pseudophyllinae: The status of the genus Brachyauchenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 and its species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Platyphyllini)
FIGURE 7. Mikrischyrum festae Griffini, 1896 n. comb. Male habitus A. Lateral and B. Dorsal view. (Photos: © Orthoptera Species File reproduced with permission).
FIGURE 4. Brachyauchenus castaneus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895. Female habitus. A. Lateral, B in Studies on Neotropical Pseudophyllinae: The status of the genus Brachyauchenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 and its species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Platyphyllini)
FIGURE 4. Brachyauchenus castaneus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895. Female habitus. A. Lateral, B. Dorsal, and C. Frontal views.
FIGURE 1. Brachyauchenus castaneus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895. Male habitus. A. Lateral, B in Studies on Neotropical Pseudophyllinae: The status of the genus Brachyauchenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 and its species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Platyphyllini)
FIGURE 1. Brachyauchenus castaneus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895. Male habitus. A. Lateral, B. Dorsal, and C. Frontal views.
FIGURE 5. Besleria brevisepala. A. habit. B. flower outer view. C. lateral and ventral sepal. D. dorsal sepal. E. corolla inner view. F in A new species and palinotaxonomy of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the cloud forest of Valle del Cauca, Colombia
FIGURE 5. Besleria brevisepala. A. habit. B. flower outer view. C. lateral and ventral sepal. D. dorsal sepal. E. corolla inner view. F. corolla (front view). Drawn from the holotype by Alba Marina Torres-Gonzalez.
Extrusion of medial and lateral meniscus before and after posterior root detachment
<p>Despite contemporary surgical treatments of posterior meniscus root tears, there is a low rate of healing and an incidence of residual meniscus extrusion approaching 30%. Here, we characterized and compared the behavior of the medial and lateral meniscus in response to axial compression load and real-time dynamic motion using a cadaveric model. There were no differences in the amount of meniscus extrusion between the medial and lateral meniscus with a competent posterior root (0.338mm vs. 0.235mm; p-value = 0.181). However, posterior root detachment resulted in a consistently increased amount of meniscus extrusion for the medial meniscus compared to the lateral meniscus (2.233mm vs. 0.4705mm; p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, the medial and lateral menisci responded differently to the effects of knee flexion angle. Detachment of the posterior root of the medial meniscus resulted in an increase in extrusion at all angles of knee flexion, but was most pronounced (4.00mm ± 1.26mm) at 30-degrees of knee flexion. In contrast, the lateral meniscus only extruded (1.65mm ± 0.97mm) in full extension. Furthermore, only the medial meniscus extruded during dynamic flexion after posterior root detachment. These findings suggest that while meniscus extrusion occurs in both the medial and lateral meniscus, the functional consequences of extrusion are more significant for the medial meniscus than that of the lateral meniscus. Limiting the amount of meniscus extrusion after posterior root tear in response to static compressive forces and dynamic motion is necessary to recapitulate native meniscus function.</p>
FIGURE 4. Cordielytrum inca. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D in Six new species of spider beetles (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) in the genus Cordielytrum Philips
FIGURE 4. Cordielytrum inca. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D frontal close-up. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B, D).
FIGURE 6. Cordielytrum obscurum. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D in Six new species of spider beetles (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) in the genus Cordielytrum Philips
FIGURE 6. Cordielytrum obscurum. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D frontal close-up. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B, D).
FIGURE 8. Cordielytrum globuloides. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D in Six new species of spider beetles (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) in the genus Cordielytrum Philips
FIGURE 8. Cordielytrum globuloides. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D frontal close-up. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B, D).
FIGURE 5. Cordielytrum fimbriatum. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D in Six new species of spider beetles (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) in the genus Cordielytrum Philips
FIGURE 5. Cordielytrum fimbriatum. A Dorsal habitus, B ventral sclerites, C lateral view, D frontal close-up. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B, D).
Suplemental data for the article: Influence of envelope fluctuation on the lateralization of interaurally delayed low-frequency stimuli.
<p>Original as well as derived data for the paper: Encke, Jörg, and Dietz Mathias (2021)</p>
Surface Deformations from Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Models with Laterally Homogeneous, Compressible Earth Structure
<p>The zipped file contains global 1-degree grid files of four different surface deformation parameters:</p> <ul> <li>Horizontal velocity, North component (vnorth), in mm/a</li> <li>Horizontal velocity, East component (veast), in mm/a</li> <li>Vertical velocity (vup), in mm/a</li> <li>Geoid change (dgeoid), in mm/a</li> </ul> <p>calculated from a set of 26 different glacial isostatic adjustment models applying 10 different radially varying (=layered) earth structures and 3 different global ice models.</p> <p>The different earth structures and the available combinations with ice models can be found in the readme.pdf.</p> <p>File naming is simply {ice model}_{earth model}_{parameter}.grd. For example, anu-ice_f72_vup.grd is the global vertical velocity grid file calculated with a GIA model with ANU-ICE ice history and 60 km lithospheric thickness, 4E20 Pa s upper mantle viscosity and 2E21 Pa s lower mantle viscosity. Grid files (NetCDF format) were generated with GMT6 (Wessel et al., 2019), thus can be directly used.</p> <p>Ice thickness histories of ICE-6G_C (Argus et al., 20214; Peltier et al., 2015) and ICE-7G_NA (Roy & Peltier, 2017) were downloaded from W. R. Peltier’s data website at the University of Toronto, Canada: <a href="https://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~peltier/data.php">https://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~peltier/data.php</a></p> <p>Note that the velocity field of ICE-6G_C(VM5a) can be compared to the one available from W. R. Peltier’s data website. The files provided here are not a substitute for the ones by W. R. Peltier and colleagues! Analyzing the difference between the files from this work and the ones available on the data website can help getting an error estimate from the two GIA model implementations (see further below). The user will find minor differences in the uplift component but larger ones in far field areas of the horizontal components.</p> <p>ICE-7G_NA(VM7) results are added as complement for interested users. However, note that ICE-7G_NA contains ice thickness history modifications in North America only and a fully global re-optimization of the ice thickness is warranted. Hence, excessive use and interpretation of these grid files, especially on global scale, should be avoided.</p> <p>ANU-ICE is a global 1-degree ice thickness model merged from several regional models (Lambeck, 1995; Fleming & Lambeck, 2004; Lambeck et al., 2010; 2014; 2017) kindly provided by Anthony Lambert and Kurt Lambeck, ANU, Canberra, Australia. The regional models contain differing spatial and temporal resolutions that were unified to fit the global 1-degree spatial resolution at mainly common time steps (500–1000 years). The Antarctic Ice Sheet part contains changes in the last time steps, thus some larger changes in the velocities can be found there.</p> <p>The software ICEAGE (Kaufmann, 2004) is used for calculating the grids, which applies the viscoelastic normal-mode method (Peltier, 1974; Wu, 1978). The sea-level equation is solved in a pseudo-spectral approach (Mitrovica et al., 1994; Mitrovica & Milne, 1998) in an iterative procedure in the spectral domain. See further details in Kaufmann and Lambeck (2000; 2002). The spherical harmonic expansion in the spectral domain is truncated at degree 192, which corresponds to ~1° spatial resolution. The models are spherically symmetric (1D), compressible, with Maxwell-viscoelasticity, rotational feedback, and time-dependent coastlines. The Earth’s core is, as assumed to be inviscid, incorporated as lower boundary condition. Rheological parameters such as depth-dependent density, Young’s modulus, etc., are taken from PREM (Preliminary Reference Earth Model; Dziewonski & Anderson, 1981).</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>HS would like to thank Jeff Freymueller for discussions on model selection.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Argus, D. F., Peltier, W., Drummond, R., Moore, A.W. 2014. The Antarctica component of postglacial rebound model ICE-6G_C (VM5a) based on GPS positioning, exposure age dating of ice thicknesses, and relative sea level histories. Geophysical Journal International 198, 537–563, doi:10.1093/gji/ggu140.</p> <p>Dziewonski, A. M., Anderson, D. L. 1981. Preliminary reference Earth model. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 25, 297–356, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7.</p> <p>Fleming, K., Lambeck, K. 2004. Constraints on the Greenland ice sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum from sea-level observations and glacial-rebound models. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 1053–1077, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.001.</p> <p>Kaufmann, G. 2004. Program Package ICEAGE, Version 2004. Manuscript. Institut für Geophysik der Universität Göttingen.</p> <p>Kaufmann, G., Lambeck, K., 2000. Mantle dynamics, postglacial rebound and the radial viscosity profile. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 121, 301–324, doi:10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00174-6.</p> <p>Kaufmann, G., Lambeck, K., 2002. Glacial isostatic adjustment and the radial viscosity profile from inverse modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 107, ETG 5-1-ETG 5-15, doi:10.1029/2001JB000941.</p> <p>Lambeck, K. 1995. Late Devensian and Holocene shorelines of the British Isles and North Sea from models of glacio-hydro-isostatic rebound. Journal of the Geological Society London 152, 437–448, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.3.0437.</p> <p>Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Zhao, J., Svensson, N.-O. 2010. The Scandinavian ice sheet: from MIS 4 to the end of the last glacial maximum. Boreas 39 (2), 410–435, doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00140.x.</p> <p>Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y., Sambridge, M. 2014. Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 (43), 15296–15303, doi:10.1073/pnas.1411762111.</p> <p>Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Zhao, J. 2017. The North American Late Wisconsin ice sheet and mantle viscosity from glacial rebound analyses. Quaternary Science Reviews 158, 172–210, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.033.</p> <p>Mitrovica, J. X., Davis, J. L., Shapiro, I. I. 1994. A spectral formalism for computing three–dimensional deformations due to surface loads: 1. Theory. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 99(B4), 7057–7073, doi:10.1029/93JB03128.</p> <p>Mitrovica, J. X., Milne, G. A. 1998. Glaciation-induced perturbations in the Earth’s rotation: a new appraisal. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 103, 985–1005, doi:10.1029/97JB02121.</p> <p>Peltier, W. R. 1974. The impulse response of a Maxwell Earth. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 12(4), 649–669, doi:10.1029/RG012i004p00649.</p> <p>Peltier, W., Argus, D., Drummond, R. 2015. Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 120, 450–487, doi:10.1002/2014JB011176.</p> <p>Roy, K., Peltier, W. R. 2017. Space-geodetic and water level gauge constraints on continental uplift and tilting over North America: regional convergence of the ICE-6G_C (VM5a/VM6) models. Geophysical Journal International 210(2), 1115-1142, doi:10.1093/gji/ggx156.</p> <p>Wessel, P., Luis, J. F., Uieda, L., Scharroo, R., Wobbe, F., Smith, W. H. F., Tian, D. 2019. The Generic Mapping Tools version 6. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20, 5556–5564, doi:10.1029/2019GC008515.</p> <p>Wu P. 1978. The response of a Maxwell earth to applied surface mass loads: glacial isostatic adjustment. MSc thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</p>
FIGURE 48. Syneches walkeri Smith, 1962. A–B. Habitus, lateral view. A in Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species
FIGURE 48. Syneches walkeri Smith, 1962. A–B. Habitus, lateral view. A. Holotype; B. Male from Maranhão. C–E. Head, lateral view. C. Holotype; D. Male from Maranhão; E. Male from Amazonas. F–G. Hind leg. F. Holotype, posterior view; G. Male from Maranhão, anterior view. H. Male from Amapá. Wing.
FIGURE5.Nannopus robustus sp.nov. (holotype ♂). A, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal (cylindrical shape arrowed); B, anal somite and caudal rami, ventral (cylindrical shape arrowed); C, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral (cylindrical shape arrowed); D, P2 (recurved spine arrowed); E, P2 endopod. in -On- two- new- species- of- Nannopus- Brady,- 1880- (Copepoda:- Harpacticoida Nannopodidae)-from-intertidal-mudflats-of-the-Korean-west-coast-(Yellow-Sea)
FIGURE5.Nannopus robustus sp.nov. (holotype ♂). A, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal (cylindrical shape arrowed); B, anal somite and caudal rami, ventral (cylindrical shape arrowed); C, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral (cylindrical shape arrowed); D, P2 (recurved spine arrowed); E, P2 endopod.
FIGURE 1. Leptoscyphus revolutus. A. Female shoot with sporophyte, lateral view. B in Leptoscyphus revolutus (Marchantiophyta, Lophocoleaceae) sp. nov. from Ecuador Notes on the Bryophytes of Ecuador III
FIGURE 1. Leptoscyphus revolutus. A. Female shoot with sporophyte, lateral view. B. Part of male shoot, dorsal view. C. part of shoot, ventral view, area of rhizoids stippled. D. part of shoot, dorsal view. E. leaves. F. underleaf. G. Detail of perianth mouth H. Bract and bracteole. I. Cross section of capsule wall. J. Innermost layer of capsule wall, surface view. K. Capsule wall epidermis, surface view. L. Elater. M. Spores. N. Mid leaf cells. O. Cells of apical leaf margin. P. Basal leaf cells. Q. Cross section of leaf. R. Stem cross section. Scale bars: A-D 2 mm, E 1 mm, F 250 µm, G 250 µm, H 1 mm, I-K 100 µm, L-M 25 µm, M-Q 50 µm, R 100 µm. All drawn from VH 12 (QCNE).
FIGURES 55–56. Amberana humeralis, male. 55. Male genitalia, lateral view. 56 in Revision of the malagassy endemic genus Amberana Distant (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) with description of one new genus
FIGURES 55–56. Amberana humeralis, male. 55. Male genitalia, lateral view. 56. Paramere, dorsal view.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.