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3,761 results for “phylogenetic relationship”
Figure 15 in Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tehuelchesaurus benitezii (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia
Figure 15. Tehuelchesaurus benitezii, right humerus. Anterior view, stereophotographs (A), proximal view (B), distal view (C), medial view (D), posterior view (E), cross-section at mid-shaft (F), and lateral view (G). Abbreviations: amc, anterior medial condyle; dpc, deltopectoral crest; it, internal tuberosity; rac, radial condlye; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars = 10 cm.
Figure 11 in A new specimen of Uruguaysuchus aznarezi (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the middle Cretaceous of Uruguay and its phylogenetic relationships
Figure 11. FC-DPV 2320, articular region of lower jaw. A, lateral view (inverted). B, dorsal view. C, medial view. Scale bar = 2 cm.
Figure 14 in Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Oxyptilini (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Pterophorinae) based on morphological data of adults
Figure 14. Stylized drawings of the posterior end of the female genitalia including the seventh abdominal sternite, ostium bursae, antrum, antrum plate (light grey), ductus bursae, and sclerotized part(s) at the posterior margin of the lamella antevaginalis (dark grey). The numbers indicate the character and its state (character: character state) and arrows show the location of characters.
Figure 5. A–F, hind wing. G–L in Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Oxyptilini (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Pterophorinae) based on morphological data of adults
Figure 5. A–F, hind wing. G–L, head, lateral view. M, head, frontal view. N–P, head and thorax, dorsal view. Q, mid-tibia. R, abdomen. The numbers indicate the character and its state (character: character state) and arrows show the location of characters. The dashed line on the compound eye indicates the mid-transverse line. A, Capperia trichodactyla. B, G, M, N & Q, Geina didactyla. C, Diacrotricha fasciola. D, Capperia celeusi. E & I, Megalorhipida leucodactylus. F, Agdistis huemeri. H & O, Oxyptilus pilosellae. J, Stenodacma wahlbergi. K, Stenoptilia aridus. L, Emmelina monodactyla. P, Wheeleria phlomidis. R, Cosmoclostis pesseuta.
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Oxyptilini (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae, Pterophorinae) based on morphological data of adults
Figure 2. Wing in Pterophorinae. (I) fore wing (II) hind wing. The numbers indicate the character and its state (character: character state) and arrows show the location of characters. A & G, Megalorhipida leucodactylus. B & H, Geina didactyla. C & L, Platyptilia calodactyla. D, Eucapperia bullifera. E, Oxyptilus anthites. F & K, Stenoptilia aridus. I, Hellinsia bhutanensis. J, Marasmarcha asiatica.
Figure 29 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 29. Hyopalatine arch and opercular series of selected cobitoid fishes, right side in lateral (i) and medial (ii) view in A–C, and dorsal (i) and ventral (ii) in D. Anterior to left. A, Barbatula barbatula, AMNH 37608, 77.9-mm standard length (SL). B, Lefua costata, UAIC 14183.18, 44.2-mm SL. C, Annamia normani, BMNH uncat., 63.5-mm SL. D, Gastromyzon cranbrooki, UAIC 14288.01, 34.6-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Cm, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; MC, Meckel's cartilage; Mpt, metapterygoid; Mx, maxilla; Op, opercle; PA, preautopalatine; PE2, second preethmoid; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; SCO, sensory canal ossification; Sop, subopercle; Spop, suprapreopercle; Sy, symplectic.
Figure 21 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 21. Pelvic fin skeleton of Psilorhynchus, in ventral view. Anterior to left. A, Psilorhynchus sucatio, CAS 50289, 39.9-mm standard length (SL). B, Psilorhynchus balitora, UMMZ 244782, 31.2-mm SL. C, Psilorhynchus breviminor, ZRC 43452, paratype, 32.0-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus gracilis, KU 29143, 33.5-mm SL. E, Psilorhynchus robustus, CMK 17941, paratype, 58.1-mm SL. F, Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis, KU 29519, 40.3-mm SL. Right-side fin rays removed to reveal radials. First pelvic fin ray malformed in E. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Bp, basipterygium; BpF, basipterygium foramen; PS, pelvic splint; PR, pelvic radial; PRC, pelvic radial cartilage; R, pelvic fin ray.
Figure 19 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 19. Pectoral radials of Psilorhynchus, left side in lateral view. Anterior to top of page. A, Psilorhynchus sucatio, CAS 50289, 39.9-mm standard length (SL). B, Psilorhynchus balitora, UMMZ 244782, 31.2-mm SL. C, Psilorhynchus breviminor, ZRC 43452, paratype, 32.0-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus gracilis, UMMZ 205345, paratype, 39.1-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus robustus, CMK 17941, paratype, 58.1-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis, KU 29519, 40.3-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: DR, distal radial; DRC, distal radial cartilage; PeR1–4, pectoral radial 1–4.
Figure 12 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 12. Hyoid bar and branchiostegal rays of Psilorhynchus, right side in lateral view. Anterior to left (images reversed). A, Psilorhynchus sucatio, CAS 50289, 27.4-mm standard length (SL). B, Psilorhynchus balitora, UMMZ 244782, 31.2-mm SL. C, Psilorhynchus breviminor, ZRC 43452, paratype, 32.0-mm SL. D, Psilorhynchus gracilis, UMMZ 205345, paratype, 39.1-mm SL. E, Psilorhynchus robustus, CMK 17941, paratype, 58.1-mm SL. F, Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis, KU 29517, 41.5-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Ach, anterior ceratohyal; BR, branchiostegal rays; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Ih, interhyal; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; VHh, ventral hypohyal.
Figure 13 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 13. Weberian apparatus of Psilorhynchus sucatio, in dorsal (i) and ventral (ii) views. Anterior to left. A, male, UMMZ 205346, 37.8-mm standard length (SL). B, female, CAS 50289, 39.6-mm SL. C, juvenile, CAS 50289, 14.0-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; Epo, epioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; Ios, inner arm of the os suspensorium; LP2, lateral process of the second vertebral centrum; Lp2 + Oos, fused lateral process of the second vertebral centrum and outer arm of os suspensorium; NA, neural arch; Oos, outer arm of the os suspensorium; PWP, post-Weberian process; Ri, rib; Sn, supraneural; Soc, supraoccipital; Tr, tripus; V, vertebral centrum. Numbers after abbreviations refer to the vertebral centrum to which the structure is associated.
Figure 32 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 32. Upper gill arch endoskeleton of selected cyprinid fishes, left side in dorsal view. Anterior to top of page. A, Labeo cf. longipinnis UAIC 14180.55, 51.9-mm standard length (SL). B, Osteochilus hasselti, BMNH 2000.6.10.1625, 52.8-mm SL. C, Crossocheilus reticulatus, UAIC 14180.20, 39.6-mm SL. D, Balantiocheilos melanopterus, NRM 24037, 36.8-mm SL. E, Barbus barbus, AMNH 54635, 54.0-mm SL. F, Rasbora cephalotaenia, BMNH 2000.10.18.34–40, 52.4-mm SL. G, Rhodeus sericeus, AMNH 39117, 47.8-mm SL. H, Gobio gobio, AMNH 37609, 83.3-mm SL. I, Phoxinus phoxinus, AMNH 36873, 58.0-mm SL. Cartilage highlighted in grey. Abbreviations: Eb1–4, epibranchials 1–4; Eb5C, epibranchial 5 cartilage; Pb2–3, pharyngobranchials 2–3; Pb4C, pharyngobranchial 4 cartilage.
Figure 4 in Osteology of the South Asian Genus Psilorhynchus McClelland, 1839 (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae), with investigation of its phylogenetic relationships within the order Cypriniformes
Figure 4. Serial sections through the head of Psilorhynchus. A, transverse section through the masticatory plate of Psilorhynchus sucatio, KU 40642, male, 48.6-mm standard length (SL). B, transverse section through the masticatory plate of Psilorhynchus balitora, KU 40375, 36.1-mm SL. C, sagital section through the lateral ethmoid of Psilorhynchus sucatio, KU 40642, 49.8-mm SL, inset image shows close-up of connective tissue between transverse shelf on medial face of infraorbital 2 and the ventral surface of the lateral ethmoid of a more medial section. D, sagital section through the upper jaw and ethmoid region of P. sucatio, KU 40642, 49.8-mm SL, inset image shows close-up of boxed area. E, sagital section through the upper jaw and ethmoid region of P. balitora, KU 40375, 29.9-mm SL, inset image shows close-up of boxed area. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; CT, connective tissue; DA, dorsal aorta; E, esophagus; Ep, epidermis; IE, inner ear; IO2, inner ear; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, meniscus; MaPL, masticatory plate; Mx, maxilla; N, notochord; Pc, perichordal ossification of the basioccipital; PE, preethmoid; PT, pharyngeal teeth of ceratobranchial 5.
Figure 7 in Comparative morphology, phylogenetic relationships, and historical biogeography of plesiolebiasine seasonal killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Figure 7. Most parsimonious tree from the analysis of 142 morphological characters of plesiolebiasines and outgroup taxa. Numbers above the base of a node are bootstrap percentages higher than 50%. Letters in parentheses after plesiolebiasine species are areas of endemism: A, Parnaíba; B, Tocantins; C, Canabrava; D, Araguaia; E, Xingu; F, Paranaíba; G, eastern Paraguay; H, western Paraguay.
Figure 5 in Comparative morphology, phylogenetic relationships, and historical biogeography of plesiolebiasine seasonal killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Figure 5. External morphology: A, Plesiolebias canabravensis, male holotype, 17.6 mm SL (standard length) (UFRJ 6424); B, Plesiolebias filamentosus, male, about 20 mm SL (not preserved); C, Maratecoara lacortei, male, 28.8 mm SL (UFRJ 6406); D, Pituna compacta, male, 39.7 mm SL (UFRJ 6391); E, head of same individual as in (A); F, head of same individual as in (C); G, Pituna poranga, female, 28.0 mm SL (UFRJ 6395). Numbers in brackets are characters and character states, numbered according to Appendix S2.
Figure 4 in Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones
Figure 4. Strict consensus tree (A) [length (L) = 621, consistency index (CI) = 0.340, retention index (RI) = 0.514] and majority rule consensus tree (B) of the 9680 parsimonious trees (L = 563, CI = 0.343, RI = 0.562) resulting from the first analysis.
Figure 2. Dental nomenclature. A in Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the earliest known hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae, Kenyapotaminae)
Figure 2. Dental nomenclature. A, tooth orientation: the top arrow indicates the mesiolingual direction. B, structures identifiable on cingula/-ids. On upper molars, isolated pre-ectostyle, ectostyle, and postectostyle are also named parastyle, mesostyle, and metastyle, respectively. C, sketch of a right upper molar in occlusal view. D, sketch of a right lower molar (M3) in occlusal view. E, sketch of a right upper premolar in occlusal view. F, sketch of a right lower premolar in occlusal view. Abbreviations: Para., paracone; Proto., protocone; Meta., metacone; Metaul., metaconule; Metad., metaconid; Protod., protoconid; Entod., entoconid; Hypod., hypoconid; Hypoulid., hypoconulid; -c., -crista; -cul., -cristule; -cid., -cristid; -culid., -cristulid. See also Supporting Information Figures S1 and S2.
Figure 41 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 41. Cladogram manipulation using MacClade. In this example Scutellosaurus* has been positioned as the proximate sister-taxon to the clade Thyreophora. Tree length is calculated to be 229 steps, which is three steps longer than the most parsimonious trees obtained by the analysis of this dataset. The re-positioning of Scutellosaurus, if it could be supported by additional data, might justify a redefinition of the taxon Thyreophoroidea, as indicated on this branch. Note: an additional adjustment, which involves a single step increase (230 steps), positions Jinyunpelta (albeit tentatively =?) as a basal ankylosaurid on the basis of its possession of a tail club (in conformity with Coombs, 1978a).
Figure 38 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 38. Early (non-numerical) cladistics-based attempt to establish a topology for armoured (thyreophoran) dinosaurs within the clade Ornithischia. This topology is derived from Sereno (1986: fig. 3).
Figure 17 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 17. Scelidosaurus. Occlusal views of maxillary and dentary dentitions. A, separated dentitions. B, alignment of dentitions during occlusion – the bowing of each dentition match to permit orthal pulping or intermittent tooth-tooth occlusion. C, malocclusion modelled by the propalinal displacement of the dentary, creating a zone where the dentitions cross over (starred). D, two modes of jaw closure: Di, represents the non-occlusal orthal pulping of vegetation; Dii shows high-angle occlusion between opposing crowns that creates shear to cut vegetable fibres and generates steep wear facets on adjacent crown surfaces. Both modes of occlusion occur at intervals along the dentitions. Abbreviations: Dent, dentary dentition; Max, maxillary dentition; Malocc, malocclusion created by propalinal displacement of the dentary; Occ, normal occlusal relationship of the dentitions. Arrows indicate direction of movement. Starred symbol indicates region where dentitions cross, creating the potential for damage to the teeth caught in opposition.
Figure 24. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships
Figure 24. A simplified phylogeny of dinosaurs (after Baron et al., 2017b). Note that gastralia are lost independently in sauropods and ornithischians but retained in all other clades [being also lost independently in the derived, powered flight-capable, Theropoda (= birds)].
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.