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FIGURES 40–43. 40 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 40–43. 40. Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) flavescens of the E. flavescens Species Group, E. auriculatus Species Series, from 2 km N Boca de Yuma, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 41. Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) martinicensis of the E. martinicensis Species Group, E. auriculatus Species Series, from Roseau, Dominica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 42. Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) richmondi of the E. richmondi Species Series, from 1.3 km S and 1.1 km E El Yunque Peak, Puerto Rico. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 43. Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) lamprotes of the E. lamprotes Species Group, E. varians Species Series, from 2–3 km S Castillon, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 26–27. 26 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 26–27. 26. Craugastor (Hylactophryne) augusti of the C. augusti Species Series from Agua del Obispo, Guerrrero, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 27. Craugastor (Hylactophryne) spatulatus of the C. bocourti Species Series from 3 km SW Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman.
FIGURES 15–20. 15 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 15–20. 15. Craugastor (Campbellius) daryi from 3.8 km E Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Photo by J. A. Campbell. 16. Craugastor (Craugastor) crassidigitus of the C. fitzingeri Species Group from 14 km N San Isidro del General, San José, Costa Rica. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 17. Craugastor (Craugastor) fitzingeri of the C. fitzingeri Species Group from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Panama. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 18. Craugastor (Craugastor) andi of the C. melanostictus Species Group from Río Claro, 910 m, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 19. Craugastor (Craugastor) gollmeri of the C. laticeps Species Series from Cerro Bruja Trail, Panama, Panama. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 20. Craugastor (Craugastor) aphanus of the C. gulosus Species Series from 11.6 km WSW Santo Tomás, Izabal, Guatemala. Photo by J. A. Campbell.
FIGURES 67–72. 67 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 67–72. 67. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) atkinsi of the E. atkinsi Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from Golf Course, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 68. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) varleyi of the E. gundlachi Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 2 km N La Munición, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 69. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) limbatus of the E. limbatus Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 70. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pezopetrus of the E. pezopetrus Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 1.5 km NE La Cantera, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 71. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pinarensis of the E. pinarensis Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 12.4 km ESE Playa Girón, Matanzas, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 72. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) planirostris of the E. planirostris Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 2.9 km NW Port Maria, St. Mary, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 61–66. 61 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 61–66. 61. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) bakeri of the E. bakeri Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 11.7 km S and 1.7 km E Marché Léon, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 62. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) glandulifer of the E. glandulifer Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from south slope of Pic Formon, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 63. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) jugans of the E. jugans Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 8.0 km NW Sequin, Sud'Est, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 64. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) oxyrhyncus of the E. oxyrhyncus Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 1.5 km S Castillon, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 65. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) paulsoni of the E. paulsoni Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 5.8 km S Pestel, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 66. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) rufifemoralis of the E. rufifemoralis Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 2 km S Tejunde, Barahona, Dominican Republic. Photo by S. B. Hedges).
FIGURES 59–60. 59 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 59–60. 59. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) riparius of the E. riparius Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 60. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) toa of the E. toa Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 7.7 km N Imias, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 53–58. 53 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 53–58. 53. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) cuneatus of the E. cuneatus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from southwest slope of Pico Turquino at Pico Cardero, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 54. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) cundalli of the E. cundalli Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from Quick Step, Trelawny, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 55. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) gossei of the E. gossei Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 2.9 km N Port Maria, St. Mary, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 56. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) jamaicensis of the E. jamaicensis Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 4.2 km W Ecclesdown, Portland, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 57. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) luteolus of the E. luteolus Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 7.0 km WSW Old Hope, Westmoreland, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 58. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) nubicola of the E. nubicola Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 1.3 km W Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 82–85. 82 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 82–85. 82. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) leprus of the E. leprus Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 83. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) dennisi of the E. longipes Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from El Panehan Cave, 4.8 km N Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Photo by J. A. Campbell. 84. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) marnockii of the E. marnockii Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from San Marcos, Texas. Photo by D. G. Barker. 85. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) teretistes of the E. modestus Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from 5 km NW Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman.
FIGURE 77 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURE 77. Distribution of the subgenera Pelorius and Schwartzius (Hispaniola), and the Subgenus Syrrhophus (Cuba, North America, and Central America), Genus Eleutherodactylus, Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae, Family Eleutherodactylidae. The distribution of Schwartzius is completely within that of Pelorius.
FIGURES 73–76. 73 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 73–76. 73. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) lentus of the E. lentus Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 74. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pictissimus of the E. lentus Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from 5.8 km S Pestel, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 75. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) ricordii of the E. ricordii Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from 1–2 km E Boca de Yumurí, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 76. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) zugi of the E. zugi Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 78–81. 78 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 78–81. 78. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) inoptatus of the E. inoptatus Species Series, from 13 km SSW La Guazara, Barahona, Dominican Republic. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 79. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) nortoni of the E. inoptatus Species Series, from 6.5 km SW Seguin, Sud'Est, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 80. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) aporostegus of the E. ruthae Species Series, from 5–6 km NW Les Platons, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 81. Eleutherodactylus (Schwartzius) counouspeus from 13.5 km N Camp Perrin, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
Megachile rotundata as conservation strategy
<p>1) Transgenic glyphosate resistance gene (AP) contaminant in alfalfa seed deliver to at a Seed Processing and Conditioning Plant Service during 2016-2020 period. 2) Distribution of feral alfalfa plants in VBRC. 3) Soil properties and site conditions of the alfalfa fields with different pollinator management (HB, ALCB and HB+NV) observed during 2017-19 growing seasons. 4) Seed yield components of alfalfa estimated for different pollination managements during 2017/18 and 2018/19 growing season in the VBRC. 5) Reproductive components relationship under three pollination strategies. </p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 3 in A new giant Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil with comments on the V. compacta complex and conservation
FIGURE 3. Leaf Anatomy of Vellozia dracaenoides. A-B. Epidermis in surface view. A. Adaxial face showing paracytic stomata. Detail in the upper right corner tetracytic stomate. B. Abaxial face showing paracytic and anomocytic stomata. C–F. Transversal section of leaf lamina. C. General aspect. D. Detail of adaxial face showing sclerenchyma bundles and rows of large translucent cells above the furrows. E. Detail of vascular system. F. Detail of abaxial furrow. Ab. Surface view of abaxial epidermis; Ad. Surface of view adaxial epidermis; An. Anomocytic; Fi. Sclerenchyma fibers; Fu. Furrow; Mx. Metaxylem; Pa. Paracytic; Ph. Phloem; Pp. Palisade parenchyma; Px. Protoxylem; Sh. Sheath; Sp. Spongy parenchyma; St. Stomata; Te. Tetracytic; Tp. Translucent parenchyma; *. Extensions of sheath towards both faces of the epidermis; Arrowhead. parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, B, D–F = 25 µm; C=100 µm. From R.J.V. Alves et al. 7615. (Cuts and images by A.R. Guimarães).
FIGURE 2. Vellozia dracaenoides A in A new giant Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil with comments on the V. compacta complex and conservation
FIGURE 2. Vellozia dracaenoides A. habit with botanists as scale; B. open flower within rosette; C. hypanthium with tepals and stamens still attached and apex of pedicel showing grooves; D. apical caudex segment showing pectinate abscission zones on sheaths; E. isolated leaf sheath. From R.J.V. Alves et al. 7615. (Photos by R.J.V. Alves).
FIGURE 1. Vellozia dracaenoides. A in A new giant Vellozia (Velloziaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil with comments on the V. compacta complex and conservation
FIGURE 1. Vellozia dracaenoides. A. outer tepal; B. inner tepal; C. style with stigma; D. stamen; E. pedicel with hypanthium; F. detail of apical hypanthium surface; G. detail of surface of hypanthium base and pedicel; H. habit showing vegetatively reproducing branch. From R.J.V. Alves et al. 7615. (Illustration by R.J.V. Alves).
Data from: Genetic structuring among colonies of a pantropical seabird: Implication for subspecies validation and conservation
Appendix S1 <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Table S1</td> <td>Details of field researchers and licences under which they took blood samples from white-tailed tropicbirds from populations in the years of study</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S2</td> <td>Morphometrics of 616 individual white-tailed tropicbirds from 11 populations. Population codes are as described in Table 1.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S3</td> <td>Raw microsatellite genotypes for 382 individual White-tailed tropicbird from 13 populations. Population codes are as described in Table 1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S4</td> <td>Details of mtDNA sequences </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S5</td> <td>Tests of bottleneck (P-values for one-tailed Wilcoxon's signed rank test for heterozygosity excess) based on 10 microsatellites in 13 populations of Phaethon lepturus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S6</td> <td>Pairwise FST estimates based on nuclear microsatellite variation (above diagonal), and ΦST estimates based on mtDNA sequence (below diagonal) for 11 populations with sample sizes >5 ('Pop's) of Phaethon lepturus (see Table 1 for population codes)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Climate-diversity relationships underlying cross-taxon diversity of the Africa fauna and their implications for conservation
<b>Aim:</b> Many taxa show remarkable similarities in their diversity patterns and these similarities are commonly used to define large-scale conservation priorities. Here, we investigated the relative importance of contemporary climate and climate change since the Last Glacial Maximum for determining the species richness and rarity patterns of four animal taxa. We assessed the extent to which diversity patterns are congruent across taxa because of similar responses to these climatic aspects and we identify regions that are disproportionately diverse due to their paleoclimatic stability. <b>Location:</b> Sub-Saharan Africa. <b>Time period:</b> LGM–contemporary. <b>Major taxa studied:</b> Mammal, bird, amphibian and dragonfly species. <b>Methods:</b> Diversity patterns were predicted based on their relationships with contemporary climate and Quaternary climate change, respectively. Climate-diversity relationships were modelled with and without accounting for spatial autocorrelation. For raw and predicted diversity patterns, cross-taxon congruence and the coverage of diversity hotspots by protected areas were determined. <b>Results:</b> Species richness and rarity of all taxa increased with increasing temperature and precipitation, but also with increasing paleoclimatic stability. Cross-taxon congruence was higher for predictions based on contemporary climate than for predictions based on Quaternary climate change. Protected areas covered 17–37% of the species richness and rarity hotspots and approximately 6% fewer hotspots of the underlying signatures of Quaternary climate change (i.e. biodiversity refugia). <b>Main conclusions:</b> Both contemporary climate and past climatic changes strongly affect species richness and rarity patterns. However, whereas contemporary climate-diversity relationships are largely congruent across taxa, signatures of Quaternary climate change differ among taxa. Furthermore, protected areas emphasise regions with high species richness and rarity but fewer biodiversity refugia – even less than expected by random placement (< 21%). Our results highlight the importance of historical factors for shaping large-scale diversity patterns and the potential of using paleoclimatic stability-diversity relationships for identifying important conservation areas at the global scale.
A parasite reduction conservation intervention does not improve fledging success or most condition metrics for purple martins
<p>Purple Martins (<i>Progne subis subis</i>) have an unusually close relationship with humans, as they nest exclusively in man-made nest boxes. Current conservation policy directly promotes further interaction with this species by advocating regular replacement of nest materials during the nestling phase to reduce ectoparasite load and increase nestling fitness. We conducted the first test of the efficacy of this recommendation and found that it was partially effective in reducing parasite abundance, but had no effect on nestling fledging success, body mass, leukocyte count, or triglyceride or uric acid concentration. We found a small but significant increase in nestling hematocrit associated with nest material replacement, implying that parasites may induce nestling anemia. Contrary to our expectations, we also found elevated heterophil/lymphocyte ratios in nestlings with replacements, possibly indicating elevated physiological stress associated with nest replacements. Based on our results, we do not recommend nest material replacements to combat routine parasite infestations.</p>
Figure 6 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations
Figure 6. Adults of species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. (a) Amazula suavis; (b) Dischista cincta; (c) Dischista rufa; (d) Discopeltis bellula; (e) Leucocelisa methystina; (f) Leucocelis vitticollis; (g) Mausoleopsis amabilis; (h–j) three colour forms of Clinteroides permutans; (k) Pachnoda sinuata flaviventris (l) Pedinorrhina trivittata; (m) Rhabdotis albinigra; (n, o) two colour forms of Phoxomela umbrosa; (p) Phoxomeloides laticincta. Photos by A.P. Marais.
Figure 7 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations
Figure 7. Adults of species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on flowers in the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa.(a) Pedinorrhina trivittata on flowers of Peltophorum africanum; (b) Leucocelis amethystina on flowers of Acacia nilotica; (c) Leucocelis vitticollis on flowers of Peltophorum africanum; (d) Mausoleopsis amabilis on flowers of Peltophorum africanum; (e) Amazula suavis on flowers of Terminalia sericea; (f) Rhabdotis albinigra on flowers of Flueggea virosa; (g) Phoxomela umbrosa on flowers of Dalbergia melanoxylon: (h) Dischista cincta on flowers of Flueggea virosa.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.