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Number of sources at individual stages of the continuum between the apolitical and political nature of the police in the Polish People's Republic and the Third Polish Republic
<p>Bäcker Roman, <span>Number of sources at individual stages of the continuum between the apolitical and political nature of the police in the Polish People’s Republic and the Third Polish Republic</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span>This dataset was elaborated for the research project <em>Civil Disorder in Pandemic-ridden European Union</em>. The latter was financially supported by the National Science Centre, Poland [grant number 2021/43/B/HS5/00290].</span></p>
Fig s 14–17 in The biology and immature stages of Thrybius togashii Kusigemati (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae), with a description of the male
Fig s 14–17. Larvae of T. togashii. (14) H ead of second instar, frontal aspect. (15) H ead of final instar, frontal aspect. (16) Final instar, lateral aspect. (17) Spiracle of first abdominal segment of final instar. Scales: 0.1 mm for (14, 15), 2.0 mm for (16), 0.05 mm for (17).
Fig s 10–13. 10–13. T in The biology and immature stages of Thrybius togashii Kusigemati (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae), with a description of the male
Fig s 10–13. 10–13. T. togashii. (10) Egg. (11–13) F irst instar larva. (11) Lateral aspect. (12) H ead, frontal aspect. (13) H ead, ventral aspect. Scales: 0.2 mm.
Fig s 19–22. M in The biology and immature stages of Thrybius togashii Kusigemati (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae), with a description of the male
Fig s 19–22. M ale genitalia of T. togashii. (19) Ventral aspect. (20) Subgenital plate, ventral aspect. (21) R ight paramere, inner aspect. (22) Aedeagus, lateral aspect. Scales: 0.2 mm.
Figs 2–9 in The biology and immature stages of Thrybius togashii Kusigemati (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae), with a description of the male
Figs 2–9. (2–4)Tetramesa sp., the host of T. togashii, in the internodal cavity of the reed. (2) Immature larvae feeding on the inner tissue of internodal cavity. (3) M ature larvae. (4) Pupae. (5–9) T. togashii. (5) Female ovipositing. (6) Egg. (7) Third instar larva consuming Tetramesa sp. larvae. (8) Mature larva. (9) Mature larva spinning cocoon.
FIGURE 4. Immature stages. A, first instar. B, second instar. C, third instar. D, fourth instar. E in A new species of Coelidiana Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from Brazil with key to Brazilian species, description of immature stages, and notes about parasitoids and host plant
FIGURE 4. Immature stages. A, first instar. B, second instar. C, third instar. D, fourth instar. E, fifth instar. Scale bar in mm
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Coelidiana Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from Brazil with key to Brazilian species, description of immature stages, and notes about parasitoids and host plant
FIGURE 2. Coelidiana aroeira sp. nov., paratype female. A, posterior portion of abdomen, ventral view. B, posterior portion of abdomen, lateral view. C, sternite VII and inner sternite VIII, ventral view. D, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. E, first valvifer and first valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. F, apex of first valvula, lateral view. G, second valvifer and second valvula of ovipositor, lateral view. H, apex of second valvula, lateral view. I, gonoplac, lateral view. J, apex of gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Coelidiana Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from Brazil with key to Brazilian species, description of immature stages, and notes about parasitoids and host plant
FIGURE 1. Coelidiana aroeira sp. nov., holotype male. A, head and thorax, dorsal view. B, head, frontal view. C, head and thorax, lateral view. D, forewing. E, genital capsule. F, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view. G, valve and subgenital plates, ventral view. H, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. I, styles and connective, dorsal view. J, style, lateral view. K, aedeagus, lateral view. L, aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Coelidiana Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from Brazil with key to Brazilian species, description of immature stages, and notes about parasitoids and host plant
FIGURE 6. Tree of Schinus terebinthifolia (Aroeira-Pimenteira) studied at Curitiba (Paraná) and detail of growing fruits.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Coelidiana Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from Brazil with key to Brazilian species, description of immature stages, and notes about parasitoids and host plant
FIGURE 5. Fifth instar nymph terminalia of Coelidiana aroeira sp. nov. A, Male plates. B, Female plates.
FIGURE 1a–f in Comprehensive description of new and known stages of Americabaetis titthion Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
FIGURE 1a–f. Male imago of Americabaetis titthion. a. Head and thorax (lateral view); b. Head and thorax (dorsal view); c. Thorax (ventral view); d. Abdomen (lateral view); Abdomen (dorsal view); f. Genitalia. (Scale bars: 0.5 mm; white arrows indicate mesosternal and metasternal projection).
FIGURE 5a–f in Comprehensive description of new and known stages of Americabaetis titthion Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
FIGURE 5a–f. Nymph and egg of Americabaetis titthion. a. Dorsal view of abdominal segments III–VI; b. Ventral view of abdominal segments VI–IX; c. Tergum VI; d. Detail of tergum IV; e. egg; f. chorion detail. (Scale bars: a, b: 1 mm; c, d: 100 µm; e: 10 μm; f: 2 μm).
FIGURE 3a–h in Comprehensive description of new and known stages of Americabaetis titthion Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
FIGURE 3a–h. Nymph of Americabaetis titthion. Nymph mouthparts. a. Labrum (dorsal view); b. Labrum (detail); c. Left mandible; d. Left incisors and prostheca; e. Right mandible; f. Right incisors and prostheca; g. Hypopharynx; h. Left maxilla; i. Labium. (Scale bars: 100 µm; black square in 3a indicates the detail in 3b).
Data from: The bivalved arthropod Tuzoia from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, China, and new observations on comparative species
Tuzoia is a large, bivalved Cambrian arthropod having a widespread distribution in shallow-shelf to deeper marine Lagerstätten; stratigraphically it ranges from Cambrian Series 2 through the Miaolingian Series. In the present study, three species are recognized from relatively deep-water deposits of the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, South China: Tuzoia sinensis Pan, 1957, T. bispinosa Yuan et Zhao, 1999 and T. lazizhaiensis sp. nov. The new species is unique in having 6-10 small marginal spines on the dorsal margin, an inflated anterior margin with 3 short, closely spaced marginal spines. These remains, which usually occur as disarticulated valves, are inferred to be parautochthonous. One new specimen of T. lazizhaiensis shows a stalked eye and antenna. New Tuzoia material from the Kaili Biota (Cambrian: Wuliuan Stage) of Guizhou, and from the Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Stage 4) of Yunnan, China, provide additional comparative information about the genus. Some new specimens of T. bispinosa from the Kaili Biota provide information on valve morphology and palaeoecology. One specimen of T. sinensis from the Guanshan Biota provides information on the appendages, and one specimen of T. tylodesa, from the Guanshan Biota adds provides information on the trunk and appendages.
Breast cancer patients' language use across four stages
<p>The current study reported a language analysis of breast cancer patients' posts in an online support group. Adopting web-scrapping techniques, the study analyzed 27,078 online posts made by 1,443 users along multiple linguistic dimensions to glance into the trajectory of the patients' psychosocial adaptation of the disease. The findings suggested that breast cancer patients' emotional experiences and adjustment in the course of illness vary from one stage to another. They reached the peak of emotional expression, struggle and despair, and self-focus at Stage III, whereas wiped out negative emotions and signaled a desire for connections with others at Stage IV.</p>
Data from: Inter-population variation in mating system and late-stage inbreeding depression in Magnolia stellata
Inbreeding has the potential to cause evolutionary changes in populations, although these changes are likely to drive populations to extinction through inbreeding depression and reductions in genetic diversity. We investigated the mating system and late-stage inbreeding depression (δ) in 10 populations of Magnolia stellata using nine microsatellite markers and evaluated the effects of population size and the degree of population isolation through inbreeding and inbreeding depression on the persistence of populations. The outcrossing rates were very similar (~0.7) among populations, but the correlations of paternity, fractions of biparental inbreeding and inbreeding coefficients at the seed stage (FS) varied among populations, suggesting that the level of outcrossing was similar among populations, while the quality of it was not. A significant negative correlation was detected between FS and population size. The average value of δ was 0.709, and the values in six of the 10 populations were significant. The values of δ differed among populations, although clear relationships with population size and the degree of population isolation were not detected. However, in one population, which was very small and located in the edge of the species' range, we obtained a very low value of δ (-0.096), which may be indicative of purging or the fixation of deleterious alleles. Existing M. stellata populations that are small (and thus might be expected to have higher frequencies of inbreeding) and have large values of δ may be in danger of declining, even if the populations are located within the central region of the species range.
Data from: Larval environment alters amphibian immune defenses differentially across life stages and populations
Recent global declines, extirpations and extinctions of wildlife caused by newly emergent diseases highlight the need to improve our knowledge of common environmental factors that affect the strength of immune defense traits. To achieve this goal, we examined the influence of acidification and shading of the larval environment on amphibian skin-associated innate immune defense traits, pre and post-metamorphosis, across two populations of American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), a species known for its wide-ranging environmental tolerance and introduced global distribution. We assessed treatment effects on 1) skin-associated microbial communities and 2) post-metamorphic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production and 3) AMP bioactivity against the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). While habitat acidification did not affect survival, time to metamorphosis or juvenile mass, we found that a change in average pH from 7 to 6 caused a significant shift in the larval skin microbial community, an effect which disappeared after metamorphosis. Additionally, we found shifts in skin-associated microbial communities across life stages suggesting they are affected by the physiological or ecological changes associated with amphibian metamorphosis. Moreover, we found that post-metamorphic AMP production and bioactivity were significantly affected by the interactions between pH and shade treatments and interactive effects differed across populations. In contrast, there were no significant interactions between treatments on post-metamorphic microbial community structure suggesting that variation in AMPs did not affect microbial community structure within our study. Our findings indicate that commonly encountered variation in the larval environment (i.e. pond pH and degree of shading) can have both immediate and long-term effects on the amphibian innate immune defense traits. Our work suggests that the susceptibility of amphibians to emerging diseases could be related to variability in the larval environment and calls for research into the relative influence of potentially less benign anthropogenic environmental changes on innate immune defense traits.
Data from: Maternal and paternal contributions to pathogen resistance dependent on development stage in a whitefish (Salmonidae)
1. It is often assumed that maternal and paternal contributions to offspring phenotype change over the lifetime of an individual. However, studies on parental effects typically suffer from the problems that heritabilities and maternal environmental effects are difficult to separate, and that both may depend on environmental factors and developmental stage 2. In order to experimentally disentangle maternal from paternal contributions and the likely effects of developmental stage from ecological effects, we sampled a natural population of the whitefish Coregonus palaea, used gametes for full-factorial in vitro fertilizations, raised over 10,000 of the resulting offspring singly at controlled conditions, and exposed them at different points during embryonic development to one of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that differed in their virulence characteristics (only one caused mortality, while both delayed hatching and reduced growth) 3. Vulnerability to infection increased markedly over embryo development. This change coincided with a distinct shift in the importance of maternal to additive genetic effects on survival. Timing of exposure also affected the variance components for hatching time and larval length, but in a less consistent direction than the variance components for mortality. No significant genetic variation was found for any reaction norms across time points of exposure, indicating a uniformity among genotypes in how susceptibility changed over development. Phenotypes were also typically correlated across time points, which could constrain the evolution of the reaction norms 4. Our experiment demonstrates that the relative maternal and paternal contributions to susceptibility to an infection, and hence the evolutionary potential to respond to pathogen-induced selection, depends not only on the kind of pathogenic stress but also on the timing of the challenge.
Data from: An informational diversity framework, illustrated with sexually deceptive orchids in early stages of speciation
Reconstructing evolutionary history for emerging species complexes is notoriously difficult, with newly isolated taxa often morphologically cryptic and the signature of reproductive isolation often restricted to a few genes. Evidence from multiple loci and genomes is highly desirable, but multiple inputs require 'common currency' translation. Here we deploy a Shannon information framework, converting into diversity analogue, which provides a common currency analysis for maternally inherited haploid and bi-parentally inherited diploid nuclear markers, and then extend that analysis to construction of minimum-spanning networks for both genomes. The new approach is illustrated with a quartet of cryptic congeners from the sexually deceptive Australian orchid genus Chiloglottis, still in the early stages of speciation. Divergence is more rapid for haploid plastids than for nuclear markers, consistent with the effective population size differential (Nep < Nen), but divergence patterns are broadly correlated for the two genomes. There are nevertheless intriguing discrepancies between the emerging plastid and nuclear signals of early phylogenetic radiation of these taxa, and neither pattern is entirely consistent with the available information on the sexual cues used by the orchids to lure the pollinators enforcing reproductive isolation. We describe possible extensions of this methodology to multiple ploidy levels and other types of markers, which should increase the range of application to any taxonomic assemblage in the very early stages of reproductive isolation and speciation.
Data from: High genetic variation in resting stage production in a metapopulation: is there evidence for local adaptation?
Local adaptation is a key process for the maintenance of genetic diversity and population diversification. A better understanding of the mechanisms that allow (or prevent) local adaptation constitutes a key in apprehending how and at what spatial scale it occurs. The production of resting stages is found in many taxa and reflects an adaptation to outlast adverse environmental conditions. Daphnia magna (Crustacea) can alternate between asexual and sexual reproduction, the latter being linked to dormancy, as resting stages can only be produced sexually. In this species, on a continental scale, resting stage production is locally adapted, i.e. it is induced when the photoperiod indicates the imminence of habitat deterioration. Here, we aimed to explore whether selection is strong enough to maintain local adaptation at a scale of a few kilometers. We assessed life history traits of 64 D. magna clones originating from 11 populations of a meta-population with permanent and intermittent pool habitats. We found large within- and between-population variation for all dormancy-related traits, but no evidence for the hypothesised higher resting stage production in animals from intermittent habitats. We discuss how gene flow, founder events or other forms of selection might interfere with the process of local adaptation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.