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SnowEx20 Boise State University Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) Point Cloud V001
This data set contains terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) point cloud data collected as part of the 2020 SnowEx campaign in Grand Mesa, Colorado. Data were collected under both snow-off (September 2019) and snow-on (February 2020) conditions, at both open and forested locations. Multiple scans were conducted at each site and registered together using common targets. Each point contains X, Y, and Z coordinates (Easting, Northing, and Elevation), as well as intensity (i). These TLS data can be used to determine snow depth and explore the interactions between snow and vegetation.
Carina OB1 Association XMM-Newton X-Ray Point Source Catalog
This database table contains the Carina OB1 Association XMM-Newton X-Ray Point Source Catalog. The X-ray properties of the stellar population in the Carina OB1 Association have been examined with special emphasis on early-type stars. Their spectral characteristics provide some clues to understanding the nature of X-ray formation mechanisms in the winds of single and binary early-type stars. A timing and spectral analysis of five observations with XMM-Newton is performed using various statistical tests and thermal spectral models. 235 point sources have been detected within the field of view. Several of these sources are probably pre-main sequence stars with characteristic short-term variability. Seven sources are possible background AGNs. X-ray count rates in three energy bands and the X-ray variability status are given for 557 detections of the 235 point source. Cross-identifications of X-ray sources with optical and infrared catalogs are also presented. This table was created by the HEASARC in April 2008 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/477/593">CDS Catalog J/A+A/477/593</a> files table2.dat and table3.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 6357/Pismis 24 Chandra Point Source Optical/IR Identifications Catalog
Circumstellar disks are expected to evolve quickly in massive young clusters harboring many OB-type stars. Two processes have been proposed to drive the disk evolution in such cruel environments: (1) gravitational interaction between circumstellar disks and nearby passing stars (stellar encounters), and (2) photoevaporation by UV photons from massive stars. The relative importance of both mechanisms is not well understood. Studies of massive young star clusters can provide observational constraints on the processes of driving disk evolution. The authors investigate the properties of young stars and their disks in the NGC 6357 complex, concentrating on the most massive star cluster within the complex: Pismis 24. They use infrared data from the 2MASS and Spitzer GLIMPSE surveys, complemented with their own deep Spitzer imaging of the central regions of Pismis 24, in combination with X-ray data to search for young stellar objects (YSOs) in the NGC 6357 complex. The infrared data constrain the disk presence and are complemented by optical photometric and spectroscopic observations, obtained with VLT/VIMOS, that constrain the properties of the central stars. For those stars with reliable spectral types, they combine spectra and photometry to estimate the masses and ages. For cluster members without reliable spectral types, they obtain the mass and age probability distributions from R and I-band photometry, assuming these stars have the same extinction distribution as those in the "spectroscopic" sample. The authors compare the disk properties in the Pismis 24 cluster with those in other clusters/star-forming regions employing infrared color-color diagrams. The authors discover two new young clusters in the NGC 6357 complex. They give a revised distance estimate for Pismis 24 of 1.7 +/- 0.2 kpc. They also find that the massive star Pis 24-18 is a binary system, with the secondary being the main X-ray source of the pair. The authors provide photometry in 9 bands between 0.55 and 8 micron (µm) for the members of the Pismis 24 cluster. They derive the cluster mass function and find that up to the completeness limit at low masses it agrees well with the initial mass function of the Trapezium cluster. They derive a median age of 1 Myr for the Pismis 24 cluster members. The R-band observations were performed on 2008 April 1 and 6, and the I-band observations were done on 2008 May 1, both using the VIMOS instrument on the VLT. The near-IR photometry in the J, H and K<sub>s</sub> bands were taken from the 2MASS. The mid-IR photometry at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 um were obtained withe the Spitzer IRAC camera, both from the GLIMPSE I survey and from deep observations of the central Pismis 24 region carried out by the authors on 2006 September 29. The X-ray observations were made by the Chandra ACIS-I instrument and previously published by Wang et al. (2007, ApJS, 168, 100: the HEASARC NGC6357CXO table). The X-ray sources were matched to sources detected in the VIMOS R and I bands based on positional coincidence, using a 1.5 arcseconds tolerance. The accuracy of the optical and X-ray positions was 0.6 and 1.0 arcseconds, respectively. Given the high space density of sources in the central regions of Pismis 24, there may be a substantial number (up to 1/6 of the sources) of "false positives", according to the authors. This table contains the list of 643 optical/IR counterparts to the Chandra X-ray sources found by Wang et al. (2007) which were identified by the present authors: for 136 of the 779 X-ray sources, no counterparts were found. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2012 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/539/A119">CDS Catalog J/A+A/539/A119</a> files table1.dat and table3.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
IC 10 XMM-Newton and Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
This table contains some of the results from an X-ray study of our nearest starburst galaxy IC 10, based on XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. It contains a list of 73 XMM-Newton and 28 Chandra detections of point-like X-ray sources in the field of this galaxy; a substantial fraction of them are likely to be stellar objects in the Milky Way due to the low Galactic latitude location of IC 10. The brightest source in the IC 10 field, X-1, has a mean 0.3-8.0 keV luminosity of ~1.2E38 erg s<sup>-1</sup> and shows a large variation by a factor of up to ~6 on timescales of ~10<sup>4</sup> s during the XMM-Newton observation. The XMM-Newton observations were taken on 2003 July 3 with a total exposure time of ~45 ks for the EPIC-MOS cameras and ~42 ks for the European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) PN camera. The authors use only the data from the PN camera (with a thin optical blocking filter) because of its high sensitivity to soft X-rays in the study of diffuse emission and include the data from the MOS cameras in the analysis of X-1. The Chandra observation, taken on 2003 March 12 with an exposure of 29 ks and already described by Bauer and Brandt (2004, ApJ, 601, 67), was reprocessed by the authors using the then-latest CIAO software (version 3.2.1) and calibration database (version 3.0.0). The authors used the Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri et al. 2003 <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/II/246">CDS Catalog II/246</a>) to search for potential counterparts. They cross-correlated the spatial positions of the objects in this catalog with their X-ray source positions, using a matching radius of 4 arcsec for XMM-Newton PN sources and 2 arcsec for Chandra ACIS sources. The radius was chosen to be greater than the 1-sigma statistical position uncertainty of almost all the sources.In no case is there a match with multiple 2MASS objects. The 3-sigma limiting sensitivities of the 2MASS Catalog are 17.1, 16.4 and 15.3 mag in the three bands, J, H, and K<sub>S</sub>, respectively. This table was created by the HEASARC in October 2011 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/362/1065">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/362/1065</a> files table1.dat, table2.dat and table3.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 4214 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
This table contains a comprehensive X-ray point source catalog of the IAB(s)m galaxy NGC 4214 similar to the LMC, one of the nearest examples of a starburst galaxy with a substantial population of Wolf-Rayet stars, as part of the Chandra Local Volume Survey. The combined archival observations of this galaxy have an effective exposure time of 79 ks. When combined with the catalogs of sources in NGC 55 and NGC 2403 given in this same reference paper, and the authors' previously published catalogs for NGC 300 (Binder et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 15) and NGC 404 (Binder et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 128), the CLVS contains 629 high-significance X-ray sources total down to a limiting unabsorbed luminosity of ~ 5 x 10<sup>35</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> in the 0.35-8.0 keV band in each of the five galaxies. In the reference paper, the authors present X-ray hardness ratios, spectral analysis, radial source distributions, and an analysis of the temporal variability for the X-ray sources detected at high significance. To constrain the nature of each X-ray source, they carried out cross-correlations with multi-wavelength data sets. They searched overlapping Hubble Space Telescope observations for optical counterparts to their X-ray detections to provide preliminary classifications for each X-ray source as a likely X-ray binary, background active galactic nucleus, supernova remnant, or foreground star. The authors utilized archival X-ray observations: NGC 4214 was observed by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory using the ACIS-S array on three occasions for a total of 79 ks: <pre> Obs. ID Date Eff. Exposure time (ks) 2030 2001 Oct 16 25 4743 2004 Apr 03 26 5197 2004 Jul 30 28 </pre> The iterative source detection strategy that was used is described in Section 2.3 of Binder et al. (2012, ApJ, 758, 15). ACIS-Extract (AE) was run a final time on the source list that was produces after an initial run of wavdetect followed by several iterations of AE, and the Poisson probability of not being a source (pns) value was computed in each of the following nine energy bands: 0.5 - 8.0, 0.5 - 2.0, 2.0 - 8.0, 0.5 - 1.0, 1.0 - 2.0, 2.0 - 4.0, 4.0 - 8.0, 0.35 - 1.0 or 0.35 - 8.0 keV. To be included in the final NGC 4214 catalog, a source was required to have a pns value less than 4 x 10<sup>-6</sup> in any of the nine energy bands. The final CLVS source catalog for NGC 2403 contains 116 sources. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2015 based on machine-readable versions of those parts of Table 5 and 8 from the reference paper which pertained to the 116 high-significance (pns < 4 x 10<sup>-6</sup>) X-ray sources which were detected in NGC 4214. It does not include the 95 lower-significance sources in NGC 4214 which had 4 x 10<sup>-6</sup> < pns < 1.0 x 10<sup>-3</sup>, some of which are likely to be genuine X-ray sources. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
RCW 38 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog 2
This table contains some of the results from a study of the structure of the high-mass star-forming region RCW 38 and the spatial distribution of its young stellar population. Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) photometry (3-8 micron) is combined with Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) near-IR data to identify young stellar objects (YSOs) by IR-excess emission from their circumstellar material. Chandra X-ray data are used to identify class III pre-main-sequence stars lacking circumstellar material. The authors identify 624 YSOs: 23 class 0/I and 90 flat spectrum (FS) protostars, 437 class II stars, and 74 class III stars. They also identify 29 (27 new) O star candidates over the IRAC field. Seventy-two stars exhibit IR-variability, including 7 class 0/I and 12 flat spectrum YSOs. A further 177 tentative candidates are identified by their location in the IRAC [3.6] versus [3.6]-[5.8] color-magnitude diagram. The authors find strong evidence of subclustering in the region. Three subclusters were identified surrounding the central cluster, with massive and variable stars in each subcluster. The central region shows evidence of distinct spatial distributions of the protostars and pre-main-sequence stars. A previously detected IR cluster, DB2001_Obj36, has been established as a subcluster of RCW 38. This suggests that star formation in RCW 38 occurs over a more extended area than previously thought. The gas-to-dust ratio is examined using the X-ray derived hydrogen column density, NH and the K-band extinction, and found to be consistent with the diffuse interstellar medium, in contrast with Serpens and NGC 1333. The authors posit that the high photoionizing flux of massive stars in RCW 38 affects the agglomeration of the dust grains. This table contains the list of 536 X-ray sources found in the Chandra data using a three-pass method with the CIAO 3.4 Wavdetect tool. This table was created by the HEASARC in January 2012 based on an electronic version of Table 2 from the reference paper which was obtained from the ApJ website. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 3293 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
NGC 3293 is a young stellar cluster at the northwestern periphery of the Carina Nebula Complex that has remained poorly explored until now. The authors wanted to characterize the stellar population of NGC 3293 in order to evaluate key parameters of the cluster population like the age and the mass function, and to test claims of an abnormal initial mass function (IMF) and a deficit of <= 2.5*M<sub>sun</sub> stars. Thus, they performed a deep (71 ksec) X-ray observation of NGC 3293 with Chandra in which they detected 1026 individual X-ray point sources. These X-ray data directly probe the low-mass (M <= 2*M<sub>sun</sub>) stellar population by means of the strong X-ray emission of young low-mass stars. The authors have identified counterparts for 74% of the X-ray sources in their deep near-infrared images. These data clearly show that NGC 3293 hosts a large population of ~ 1*M<sub>sun</sub> stars, refuting claims of a lack of M <= 2.5*M<sub>sun</sub> stars. The analysis of the color-magnitude diagram suggests an age of ~8-10 Myr for the low-mass population of the cluster. There are at least 511 X-ray detected stars with color-magnitude positions that are consistent with young stellar members within 7 arcminutes from the cluster center. The number ratio of X-ray detected stars in the 1-2 solar mass range versus the M >= 5*M<sub>sun</sub> stars (known from optical spectroscopy) is well consistent with the expectation from a normal field initial mass function. Most of the early B-type stars and ~20% of the later B-type stars are detected as X-ray sources. These data shows that NGC 3293 is one of the most populous stellar clusters in the entire Carina Nebula Complex (only excelled by Tr 14, and very similar to Tr 16 and Tr 15). The cluster has probably harbored several O-type stars, the supernova explosions of which may have had an important impact on the early evolution of the Carina Nebula Complex. The authors used the Chandra X-ray Observatory to perform a deep pointing of the cluster NGC 3293 with the Imaging Array of the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I). The 71-ksec observation was performed as an open time project with ObsID 16648 (PI: T. Preibisch) during Chandra Observing Cycle 15 in October 2015 (start date: 2015-10-07 T10:14:23, end date: 2015-10-08 T06:43:28). The imaging array ACIS-I provides a field of view of 17' x 17' on the sky (which corresponds to a scale of 11.3 x 11.3pc at the cluster distance of 2.3 kpc), and has a pixel size of 0.492". The aimpoint of the observation was RA(J2000) = 10<sup>h</sup> 35<sup>m</sup> 50.07<sup>s</sup>, Dec(J2000) = -58<sup>o</sup> 14' 00", which is close to the optical center of the cluster (see Fig. 1 in the reference paper). The pointing roll angle (i.e., the orientation of the detector with respect to the celestial North direction) was 140.19<sup>o</sup>. In addition to ACIS-I, one CCD detector (CCD 7 = S3) of the spectroscopic array ACIS-S was also operational during this pointing. It covers an 8.3' x 8.3' area on the sky southwest of the cluster center. While the ACIS-I chips are front-illuminated (FI), the S3 chip is back-illuminated (BI), and thus its response extends to energies below that accessible by the FI chips. This causes a substantially higher level of background in the S3 chip. Furthermore, the PSF is seriously degraded at the rather large off-axis angles of the S3 chip. These two effects led to a considerably higher detection limit for point sources in the area covered by the S3 chip compared to the region covered by the ACIS-I array. Nevertheless, the S3 data were included in the data analysis and source detection, and contributed four point sources to the total source list. At the distance of 2.3 kpc, the expected ACIS point source sensitivity limit for a three-count detection on-axis in a 71-ks observation corresponds to a minimum X-ray luminosity of L<sub>x</sub> ~ 10<sup>29.7</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> in the 0.5-8.0 keV energy band, assuming an extinction of A<sub>V</sub> ~ 1 mag (N<sub>H</sub> ~ 2 x 10<sup>21</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) typical for the stars in the central region of NGC 3293, and a thermal plasma with kT = 1 keV (which is a typical value for young stars). Using the empirical relation between X-ray luminosity and stellar mass and the temporal evolution of X-ray luminosity from the sample of young stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster, which was very well studied in the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (Preibisch et al. 2005, ApJS, 160, 401; Preibisch & Feigelson 2005, ApJS, 160, 390), the authors expected to detect ~90% of the ~ 1*M<sub>sun</sub> stars in the central region of the young cluster NGC 3293. The X-ray properties of the 97 B-type stars in the ACIS-
Swift-XRT Point Source Catalog (2SXPS)
This table contains the second Swift X-ray Point Source (2SXPS) catalog of detections by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) used in Photon Counting (PC) mode in the 0.3-10 keV energy range. Swift is a NASA mission with international participation dedicated to the gamma-ray burst study. It carries three instruments. The BAT is the large field-of-view instrument and operates in the 10-300 keV energy band; and two narrow field instruments, XRT and UVOT, that operate in the X-ray and UV/optical regime, respectively. The overall 2SXPS catalog characteristics are as follows: <pre> Data included 2005 Jan 01 - 2018 August 01 Sky coverage 3,790 square degrees Typical Sensitivity (0.3-10 keV) 2x10<sup>-13</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (observations) 4x10<sup>-14</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (stacked images) Typical position error 5.6" (90% confidence radius, including systematics) Detections 1,091,058 Unique sources 206,335 Variable sources 82,324 Uncatalogued sources 78,100 False positive rate Flag=Good 0.3% Flag=Good/Reasonable 1% Flag=Good/Reasonable/Poor <10% </pre> This catalog enhances the 1SXPS catalogue (Evans, P. A., et al. 2014, ApJS, 210, 8) in different ways. The 2SXPS catalog uses an improved Point Spread Function (PSF) and pile-up models, a better source detection pipeline that includes a technique to model the effects of stray light, and tests to automatically avoid diffuse emission and ~six years more data. The results are that the 2SXPS catalog contains 50% more temporal coverage than 1SXPS, a sky coverage of 3790 square deg almost double compare to the 1SXPS (1905 square Degree) and ~30% more sources compared to the 1SXPS. The Swift XRT observations were filtered to remove times when: a) data were contaminated by scattered light from the daylight side of the Earth; b) the on-board astrometry derived from the images obtained by the Swift UV/Optical telescope was unreliable; and c) observations with less than 100s of PC mode. The 127519 observations included in the catalog provide a total usable exposure is 266.5 Ms. A Swift observation is a collection of snapshots and the source detection algorithm was run on individual observation as well as on stacked images. The latter were generated on a grid of 2,300x2,300 pixels (~ 90'x90') to ensure that every overlap between observations is in at least one stacked image. A total of 14628 stacked images were generated. Each record corresponds to a unique source which characteristics are described with 230 parameters. The catalog reports for each source rates in four energy band (0.3-10.keV, 0.3-1. keV, 1-2 keV and 3-10 keV), background rates, variability for each energy band, two hardness ratio, peak rate and several spectral parameters. The hardness ratios are defined as follows: <pre> HR1 = (M-S)/(M+S) where M and S are the medium (1-2 keV) and soft (0.3-1 keV) band count rates HR2 = (H-M)/(H+M) where H and M are the hard (2-10 keV) and medium (1-2 keV) band count rates </pre> and they are calculated using all observations. The peak rate is determined using three different timescale: the count rate considering all the observations (see parameters rates in this database), the count rate in each observation (not reported in this database) and the count rate in each snapshot (not reported in this database). The peak rate is the rate +/- error from the timescale which has the highest 1-sigma lower-limit on the count rate. Spectral parameters and source flux are estimated using three different methods for two spectral models, a power-law and APEC (see Smith et al., 2001, ApJL, 556, L91). Not all sources have values for all three methods. The parameters starting with "fix" are defined for every source and uses fixed spectral model parameters: a photon index of 1.7 for a power-law model, a temperature of kT=1keV for the APEC model and for both models uses the Galactic absorption listed in the parameter "nh". The parameters starting "intr" have been inferred from the hardness ratio. Look-up tables containing (HR1, HR2, NH, photon index) and (HR1, HR2, NH, kT) are pre-calculated for the power-law and APEC models. If the source HR1 and HR2 are close to the values in the table, spectral parameters are derived by interpolating the HR1 and HR2 in the look-up tables that are close to the HR1 and HR2 of the source. The parameters starting with "fit" have been derived from fitting an actual source spectrum in XSPEC and they are only available for the brightest sources (>50 net counts, and at least one detection in a single observation). The parameters fields starting with "pow" and "apec" report the values from the 'best' of these methods. The parameters "which_pow" and "which_apec" indicates which of the three methods are reported. The catalog also inclu
SSA22 Field Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
This table contains the main X-ray point-source catalog for a deep ~400-ks Chandra ACIS-I (Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer) exposure of the SSA22 field. The observations were centred on a z = 3.09 protocluster, which is populated by Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) and extended Lyman-alpha-emitting blobs (LABs). The survey reached ultimate (3 count) sensitivity limits of ~5.7 x 10<sup>-17</sup> and ~3.0 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for the 0.5-2 and 2-8 keV bands, respectively (corresponding to L(2-10 keV) ~ 5.7 x 10<sup>42</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> and L(10-30 keV) ~ 2.0 x 10<sup>43</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> at z = 3.09, respectively, for an assumed photon index of Gamma = 1.4). These limits make SSA22 the fourth deepest extragalactic Chandra survey yet conducted, and the only one focused on a known high-redshift structure. In total, the authors detect 297 X-ray point sources and identify one obvious bright extended X-ray source (not included in the current table) over a ~330 arcmin<sup>2</sup> region. In addition to the X-ray data, the authors provide all available optical spectroscopic redshifts and near-infrared and mid-infrared photometry available for their sources. The basic X-ray and infrared properties of their Chandra sources indicate a variety of source types, although absorbed active galactic nuclei (AGN) appear to dominate. In total, they have identified 12 X-ray sources (either via optical spectroscopic redshifts or LAE selection) at z = 3.06 - 3.12 that are likely to be associated with the SSA22 protocluster. These sources have X-ray and multiwavelength properties that suggest they are powered by AGN with 0.5 - 8 keV luminosities in the range of ~ 10<sup>43</sup> - 10<sup>45</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>. The authors have analysed the AGN fraction of sources in the protocluster as a function of local LAE source density and find suggestive evidence for a correlation between AGN fraction and local LAE source density (at the ~96 per cent confidence level), implying that supermassive black hole growth at z ~3 is strongest in the highest density regions. This table was created by the HEASARC in February 2010 based on the electronic version of Table 2 from the reference paper which was obtained from the Monthly Notices web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra Typical Galactic Plane Region Point Source Catalog
Using the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer Imaging array (ACIS-I), the authors carried out a deep hard X-ray observation of the Galactic plane region at a location (l, b) ~ (28.5 degrees, 0.0 degrees), where no discrete X-ray source had been reported previously. They detected 274 new point X-ray sources (4-sigma or greater confidence in any of the 3 energy bands 0.5 - 3.0 keV, 3.0 - 8.0 keV or 0.5 - 8.0 keV), as well as strong Galactic diffuse emission within two partially overlapping ACIS-I fields (~ 250 square arcminutes in total). The point-source sensitivity was ~ 3 x 10<sup>-15</sup> ergs/s/cm<sup>2</sup> in the 2 - 10 keV band and ~ 2 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup> in the 0.5 - 2 keV band The sum of all the detected point-source fluxes accounts for only ~ 10% of the total X-ray flux in the field of view. Only 26 point sources were detected in both the soft and hard bands, indicating that there are two distinct classes of X-ray source distinguished by their spectral hardness ratios. The surface number density of the hard sources is only slightly higher than that measured in high Galactic latitude regions, indicating that the majority of the hard sources are background AGNs. Following up the Chandra observation, the authors performed a near-infrared (NIR) survey with SofI at ESO/NTT. Almost all the soft X-ray sources have been identified in the NIR, and their spectral types are consistent with main-sequence stars, suggesting that most of them are nearby X-ray-active stars. On the other hand, only 22% of the hard sources had near-IR counterparts, which are presumably Galactic. From X-ray and near-IR spectral study, they are most likely to be quiescent cataclysmic variables. This Browse table was created by the HEASARC in December 2006 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/635/214/">CDS Catalog J/ApJ/635/214/</a>, the file table1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 4649 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog 2
This table contains the main X-ray source catalog for the Chandra monitoring observations of the 16.5-Mpc distant elliptical galaxy, NGC 4649. The galaxy has been observed with Chandra ACIS-S3 in six separate pointings, reaching a total exposure of 299 ks. There are 501 X-ray sources detected in the 0.3-8.0 keV band in the merged observation or in one of the six individual observations; 399 sources are located within the D<sub>25</sub> ellipse. The observed 0.3-8.0 keV luminosities of these 501 sources range from 9.3 x 10<sup>36</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> to 5.4 x 10<sup>39</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>. The 90% detection completeness limit within the D<sub>25</sub> ellipse is 5.5 x 10<sup>37</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>. Based on the surface density of background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the detection completeness, we expect ~ 45 background AGNs among the catalog sources (~ 15 within the D<sub>25</sub> ellipse). There are nine sources with luminosities greater than 10<sup>39</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>, which are candidates for ultraluminous X-ray sources. The nuclear source of NGC 4649 is a low-luminosity AGN, with an intrinsic 2.0-8.0 keV X-ray luminosity of 1.5 x 10<sup>38</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>. The X-ray colors suggest that the majority of the catalog sources are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). The authors find that 164 of the 501 X-ray sources show long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects, and discover four transient candidates and another four potential transients. They also identify 173 X-ray sources (141 within the D<sub>25</sub> ellipse) that are associated with globular clusters (GCs) based on Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based data; these LMXBs tend to be hosted by red GCs. Although NGC 4649 has a much larger population of X-ray sources than the structurally similar early-type galaxies, NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, the X-ray source properties are comparable in all three systems. This HEASARC table contains the main Chandra source catalog of the basic properties of the 501 X-ray detected sources (Table 3 in the reference paper which includes both sources detected in the merged X-ray image as well as a number only detected in the individual observations), and also the information on source counts, hardness ratios and soft and hard X-ray colors in the merged observation for the same 501 X-ray detected sources (Table 4 in the reference paper). It does not contain the information on source counts, hardness ratios and soft and hard X-ray colors for these same sources in the six individual observations that were contained in Tables 5 - 10 of the reference paper. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2013 based on the electronic version of Tables 3 and 4 from the reference paper which were obtained from the ApJS website.. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Arches and Quintuplet Clusters Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
The Galactic centre (GC) provides a unique laboratory for a detailed examination of the interplay between massive star formation and the nuclear environment of our Galaxy. Here are presented some of the results from a 100-ks Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) observation of the Arches and Quintuplet star clusters in the form of a catalog of 244 point-like X-ray sources detected in the observation. The deep Chandra ACIS-I observation (Obs. ID: 4500) was carried out on 2004 June 9. The Arches cluster was placed about 1-arcmin away from the aim point to minimize the effect of the CCD gaps on mapping the extended X-ray emission around the cluster. This table was created by the HEASARC in July 2007 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/371/38">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/371/38</a> file table1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 2808 XMM-Newton X-Ray Point Source Catalog
Galactic globular clusters harbor binary systems that are detected as faint X-ray sources. These close binaries are thought to play an important role in the stability of the clusters by liberating energy and delaying the inevitable core collapse of globular clusters. The inventory of close binaries and their identification is therefore essential. This table contains some of the results, namely an X-ray source catalog, from XMM-Newton observations of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 2808. The authors use X-ray spectral and variability analysis combined with ultraviolet observations made with the XMM-Newton optical monitor and published data from the Hubble Space Telescope to identify sources associated with the clusters. They compare the results of their observations with estimates from population synthesis models. Five sources out of 96 X-ray sources detected above 4-sigma significance are likely to be related to NGC 2808. The authors find one quiescent neutron star low-mass X-ray binary candidate in the core of NGC 2808, and propose that the majority of the central sources in NGC 2808 are cataclysmic variables. An estimation leads to 20 +/- 10 cataclysmic variables with luminosity above 4.25 x 10<sup>31</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>. Millisecond pulsars could also be present in the core of NGC 2808, and some sources outside the half-mass radius could possibly be linked to the cluster. NGC 2808 was observed on February 1st 2005, for 41.8 kiloseconds (ks) with the three European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC MOS1, MOS2 and pn) on board the XMM-Newton observatory, in imaging mode, using a full frame window and a medium filter. This table was created by the HEASARC in February 2009 based on the electronic version of Table 2 from the paper which was obtained from the CDS (their catalog J/A+A/480/397 file table2.dat). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
NGC 1512/NGC 1510 XMM-Newton X-Ray Point Source Catalog
The galaxy NGC 1512 is interacting with the smaller galaxy NGC 1510 and shows a peculiar morphology, characterized by two extended arms immersed in an HI disc whose size is about four times larger than the optical diameter of NGC 1512. The authors have performed the first deep X-ray observation of the galaxies NGC 1512 and NGC 1510 with XMM-Newton to gain information on the population of X-ray sources and diffuse emission in this system of interacting galaxies. They have identified and classified the sources detected in the XMM-Newton field of view by means of spectral analysis, hardness-ratios calculated with a Bayesian method, X-ray variability, and cross-correlations with catalogs in optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths. They also made use of archival Swift (X-ray) and Australia Telescope Compact Array (radio) data to better constrain the nature of the sources detected with XMM-Newton. They detected 106 sources in the energy range of 0.2 - 12 keV, out of which 15 are located within the D<sub>25</sub> regions of NGC 1512 and NGC 1510 and at least six sources coincide with the extended arms. They identified and classified six background objects and six foreground stars. In the reference paper, they discuss the nature of a source within the D<sub>25</sub> ellipse of NGC 1512, whose properties indicate a quasi-stellar object or an intermediate ultra-luminous X-ray source. Taking into account the contribution of low-mass X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, the number of high-mass X-ray binaries detected within the D<sub>25</sub> region of NGC 1512 is consistent with the star formation rate obtained in previous works based on radio, infrared optical, and UV wavelengths. The authors detected diffuse X-ray emission from the interior region of NGC 1512 with a plasma temperature of kT = 0.68(0.31-0.87) keV and a 0.3 - 10 keV X-ray luminosity of 1.3E+38erg/s, after correcting for unresolved discrete sources. The galaxy pair NGC 1512/1510 was observed with XMM-Newton (ObsID: 0693160101) between 2012 June 16 (20:31 UTC) and 2012 June 17 (16:24 UTC) in a single, 63-ks exposure observation. The data analysis was performed through the XMM-Newton Science Analysis System (SAS) software (version 12.0.1). The observation was largely contaminated by high background due to proton flares. After rejecting time intervals affected by high background, the net good exposure time was reduced to 26.0 ks for PN, 39.8 ks for the MOS1 and 34.8 ks for the MOS2. For each instrument, the data were divided into five energy bands: <pre> B<sub>1</sub> : 0.2 - 0.5 keV B<sub>2</sub> : 0.5 - 1.0 keV B<sub>3</sub> : 1.0 - 2.0 keV B<sub>4</sub> : 2.0 - 4.5 keV B<sub>5</sub> : 4.5 - 12.0 keV </pre> For the PN, data were filtered to include only single events (PATTERN = 0) in the energy band B__1, and single and double events (PATTERN <= 4) for the other energy bands. The authors excluded the energy range 7.2 - 9.2 keV to reduce the background produced by strong fluorescence lines in the outer detector area. For the MOS, single to quadruple events (PATTERN <= 12) were selected. The source detection procedure is described in Section 2.1 of the reference paper. In the final step, the authors adopted a minimum likelihood of L = 6. They removed false detections (artifacts on the detectors or diffuse emission structures) by visual inspection. They detected 106 total point sources in the NGC 1512/1510 field of view. This table was created by the HEASARC in July 2014 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/566/A115">CDS Catalog J/A+A/566/A115</a> files tableb1.dat and tableb2.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey, Second Phase (WARPS-II) Clusters Catalog
This table contains the galaxy cluster catalog from the second, larger phase of the Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey (WARPS), an X-ray selected survey for high-redshift galaxy clusters. WARPS is among the largest deep X-ray cluster surveys and is being used to study the properties and evolution of galaxy clusters. The WARPS-II sample contains 125 clusters serendipitously detected in a survey of 301 ROSAT PSPC pointed observations and covers a sky area of 56.7 deg<sup>2</sup>. Of these 125 clusters, 53 have not been previously reported in the literature. The authors have nearly complete spectroscopic follow-up of the clusters, which range in redshift from z = 0.029 to z = 0.92 with a median redshift of z = 0.29 and they find 59 clusters with z >= 0.3 (29 not previously reported in the literature) and 11 clusters with z >= 0.6 (6 not previously reported). They also define a statistically complete subsample of 102 clusters above a uniform flux limit of 6.5 x 10<sup>-14</sup> ergs/cm<sup>2</sup>/s (0.5 - 2.0 keV). In their paper, the authors also compare their redshifts, fluxes, and detection methods to other similar published cluster surveys and state that they find no serious issues with their measurements or completeness. The list of ROSAT pointings used in WARPS-II is given in Table 1 of the first reference paper. The WARPS-I cluster catalog (the second reference listed below) is also available in Browse as the WARPS table. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2010 based on the combination of the electronic versions of Tables 2, 3, and 4 from the first reference paper which were obtained from the CDS (their catalog J/ApJS/176/374). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra COSMOS (C-COSMOS) Survey X-Ray Point Source Catalog
The Chandra COSMOS Survey (C-COSMOS) is a large, 1.8 Ms, Chandra program that has imaged the central 0.5 deg<sup>2</sup> of the COSMOS field (centered at RA, Dec of 10 hours , +02 degrees) with an effective exposure of ~ 160 ks, and an outer 0.4 deg<sup>2</sup> area with an effective exposure of ~ 80 ks. The limiting source detection depths are 1.9 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in the soft (0.5 - 2 keV) band, 7.3 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in the hard (2 - 10 keV) band, and 5.7 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in the full (0.5 - 10 keV) band. In this paper, the authors describe the strategy, design, and execution of the C-COSMOS survey, and present the catalog of 1761 point sources detected at a probability of being spurious of < 2 x 10<sup>-5</sup> (1655 in the full, 1340 in the soft, and 1017 in the hard bands). By using a grid of 36 heavily (~ 50%) overlapping pointing positions with the ACIS-I imager, a remarkably uniform (+/-12%) exposure across the inner 0.5 deg<sup>2</sup> field was obtained, leading to a sharply defined lower flux limit. The widely different point-spread functions obtained in each exposure at each point in the field required a novel source detection method, because of the overlapping tiling strategy, which is described in a companion paper. This method produced reliable sources down to a 7-12 counts, as verified by the resulting log N-log S curve, with sub-arcsecond positions, enabling optical and infrared identifications of virtually all sources, as reported in a second companion paper. Supporting data products for this table (including images, event files, and exposure maps) are available at the <a href="https://cosmos.astro.caltech.edu/page/xray/">COSMOS Survey website</a> and at <a href="https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/COSMOS/">IRSA</a>. At the IRSA website, it is also possible to search a database that includes "postage stamps" of the X-ray data for each source, along with the multi-wavelength optical and infrared data, including the I-band, K-band, and Spitzer 3.6-micron (Band 1) images used in the Part III paper (Civano et al. 2012) to identify the sources. See also the related table <a href="ccosmosoid.html">CCOSMOSOID</a> for the optical and infrared identifications of the surveyed X-ray point sources. This table was created by the HEASARC in November 2009 based on an electronic version of the C-COSMOS Catalog which was obtained from the Astrophysical Journal web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
LAT 2-year Point Source Catalog
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a successor to EGRET, with greatly improved sensitivity, resolution, and energy range. This web page presents the second full catalog of LAT sources, based on the first 24 months of survey data. For a full explanation about the catalog and its construction see the LAT 2-year Catalog Paper (also available on arxiv).
CMa OB1 XMM-Newton X-Ray Point Source Catalog
The Canis Major OB1 association has an intriguing scenario of star formation, especially in the region called Canis Major R1 (CMa R1) traditionally assigned to a reflection nebula, but in reality an ionized region. The authors focused on the young stellar population associated with CMa R1, for which previous results from ROSAT, optical, and near-infrared data had revealed two stellar groups with different ages, suggesting a possible mixing of populations originated from distinct star formation episodes (see the <a href="/W3Browse/rosat/cmar1xray.html">table CMAR1XRAY</a>). The authors used X-ray data to characterize the detected sources according to hardness ratios, light curves, and spectra. They also provided estimates of mass and age, using the information from likely counterparts based on the 2MASS catalogue. The 2MASS-derived data on the counterparts, where matched, are provided in the <a href="/W3Browse/xmm-newton/cmaob1nir.html">associated table (CMAOB1NIR)</a>. This table contains a catalog of 387 XMM-Newton sources, of which 78% are confirmed as members or probable members of the CMa R1 association. Flares (or similar events) were observed for 13 sources and the spectra of 21 bright sources could be fitted by a thermal plasma model. Mean values of fits parameters were used to estimate X-ray luminosities. The authors found a minimum value of log(L<sub>X</sub> [erg/s]) = 29.43, indicating that the sample of low-mass stars (M<sub>*</sub> <= 0.5 M<sub>sun</sub>), which are faint X-ray emitters, is incomplete. Among the 250 objects selected as the complete subsample (defining a "best sample"), 171 are found to the east of the cloud, near Z CMa and dense molecular gas, of which 50% of them are young (<5Myr) and 30% are older (>10Myr). The opposite happens to the west, near GU CMa, in areas lacking molecular gas: among 79 objects, 30% are young and 50% are older. These findings confirm that a first episode of distributed star formation occurred in the whole studied region ~10Myr ago and dispersed the molecular gas, while a second, localized episode (<5Myr) took place in the regions where molecular gas is still present. For this work, four fields (each about 30-arcmin diameter with some overlap) were observed with the XMM-Newton satellite. These fields are located inside the arc-shaped ionized nebula, next to Z CMa - Field E (east); around GU CMa - Field W (west); and between both - Field C (center) and Field S (south), as shown in Figure 1 of the reference paper. These observations were performed with the EPIC cameras (MOS1, MOS2, and PN) in full frame mode with a medium filter. The C, W, and S fields had an exposure time without background corrections of about 30 ks while field E had 40 ks. <pre> RA(J2000) | Dec(J2000) | Designation(s) 07 04 18.3 | -11 27 24.0 | CMa cluster east (Field E) 07 02 58.4 | -11 34 44.7 | CMa cluster center (Field C) 07 02 29.5 | -11 47 12.4 | CMa cluster south (Field S) 07 01 23.0 | -11 19 56.6 | CMa cluster west (Field W) </pre> This table was created by the HEASARC in October 2018 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/609/A127">CDS Catalog J/A+A/609/A127</a> file tableb1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Omega Centauri Globular Cluster Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog
The authors analyzed a ~ 70 ks Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) exposure of the globular cluster Omega Cen (NGC 5139). The ~ 17' x 17' field of view fully encompasses three cluster core radii and almost twice the half-mass radius. They detected 180 sources to a limiting flux of ~ 4.3 x10 <sup>-16</sup> erg/cm<sup>2</sup>/s (L<sub>x</sub> = 1.2 x 10<sup>30</sup> erg/s at the 4.9 kpc distance to the cluster). After accounting for the number of active galactic nuclei and possible foreground stars among the detected X-ray sources, they estimate that 45-70 of the sources are cluster members. Four of the X-ray sources have previously been identified as accreting compact binaries in the cluster - three cataclysmic variables (CVs) and one quiescent neutron star. Correlating the Chandra positions with known variable stars yields 8 matches, of which 5 are probable cluster members that are likely to be binary stars with active coronae. Extrapolating these optical identifications to the remaining unidentified X-ray source population, the authors estimate that 20 - 35 of the sources are CVs and a similar number are active binaries. This likely represents most of the CVs in the cluster, but only a small fraction of all the active binaries. The authors place a 2-sigma upper limit of L<sub>x</sub> < 3 x 10<sup>30</sup> erg/s on the integrated luminosity of any additional faint, unresolved population of sources in the core of the cluster. In their paper, they explore the significance of these findings in the context of primordial versus dynamical channels for CV formation. They note that the number of CVs per unit mass in Omega Cen is at least 2 - 3 times lower than in the field, suggesting that primordial binaries that would otherwise lead to CVs are being destroyed in the cluster environment. The authors obtained 2 exposures of Omega Cen using the imaging array of the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on 2000 January 24 - 25, in "very faint" (VF) mode. The total exposure time was 72.4 ks. The authors determined source counts using 95% encircled energy radii as determined from model PSFs, derived using the CIAO tool mkpsf at an intermediate energy of ~ 1.5 keV (the PSF shape being somewhat energy dependent). Counts were extracted in three bands: "soft" (0.5 - 1.5 keV), "medium" (0.5 - 4.5 keV), and "hard" (1.5 - 6.0 keV). The authors determined the background to subtract from each source by dividing the image into 1 arcminute-wide annuli centered on the aim point in chip 3 (the innermost "annulus" being a circle of radius 1.5 arcminutes). Background values adopted for sources in a given annulus were averages determined from several source-free regions within that annulus, after verifying that the background levels were azimuthally symmetric. For 12 sources ( source_numbers 11b, 12b, 13e, 22c, 32c, 41b, 41c, 84a, 84b, 84c, 93a, and 93b) that fell in the chip gaps or near the outer edge of a chip, background regions were chosen specifically to reflect these conditions. Local background determinations were also made for a small number of sources to the west of the cluster center that lie on or near a large diffuse X-ray source ~7 arcminutes west of the cluster center (see below). Following background subtraction, the authors applied aperture corrections and also corrected for reduced effective exposure times off-axis and in the chip gaps using the exposure map. This table was created by the HEASARC in June 2011 based on the electronic versions of Table 1 from the reference paper which was obtained from the CDS (their catalog J/ApJ/697/224 file table1.dat). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
2MASS 6X Merged Point Source Information Table
During the final months of 2MASS observatory operations, a campaign of targeted "long exposure" observations was carried out during times when no previously unscanned parts of the sky were available for the main survey. These observations used the same freeze-frame scanning technique employed for the survey, but with READ2-READ1 exposures six times longer than was used for normal survey observations (hence they are referred to as "6x" observations). The 2MASS 6x measurements were intended to probe ~1 magnitude deeper than the main survey in unconfused regions.Approximately 590 deg2 of sky distributed in 30 targeted regions were scanned at least once using the long exposures. Most of this area is concentrated in two large, comprehensive surveys of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, 383 deg2 and 127 deg2, respectively. Twenty-eight additional smaller fields were mapped in the 6x mode from both observatories, covering targets that include the Pleiades open cluster, galactic star formation complexes, M31, nearby galaxy clusters and the Lockman Hole. The merged source tables contain the mean positions magnitudes and uncertainties for sources detected multiple times in each of the 2MASS data sets. The merging was carried out using an autocorrelation of the respective databases to identify groups of extractions that are positionally associated with each other, all lying within a 1.5" radius circular region. A number of confirmation statistics are also provided in the tables that can be used to test for source motion and/or variability, and the general quality of the merge.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.