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Fig. 9 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 9. Zoroasterid asteroid Zoroaster marambioensis sp. nov., Eocene, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Volume rendering captions from microCT (SOM 2). A. IAA-Pi-373-E; general actinal surface reconstruction (A1); detailed arm structure on actinal side A2), see primary and secondary spines preserved in detail and last ossicles of 4th actinolateral row (arrows). general abactinal surface reconstruction (A3) transverse view of disc structures, see orals and oral spines on disc center (A4). B. IAA-Pi-373-D, general reconstructions of abactinal (B1) and actinal B2) surfaces. C. IAA-Pi-373-G; reconstructions of abactinal (C1) and actinal (C2) surfaces; structure detail on inclined side of arm (C3); transverse section of a ray (C4).

Fig. 7 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 7. Diagrams of plate arrangement on disc and arms of zoroasterid asteroid Zoroaster marambioensis sp. nov., Eocene, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Note the presence of a single row of marginal ossicles. A. IAA-Pi-373-B, abactinal view of disc. B. IAA-Pi-373-H, transverse section of arm. C. IAA-Pi-373-Q1, transverse section of a partially deformed ray. D. Shape and arrangement of all the ossicle rows of an arm, projected on a plane. D not to scale.

Fig. 8 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 8. Zoroasterid asteroid Zoroaster marambioensis sp. nov., Eocene, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica. A. IAA-Pi-373-N, arm tip, detailed abactinal (A1) and actinal (A2) views of distal and terminal ossicles; detailed stereom structure of terminal ossicle in abactinal (A3) and actinal (A4) surface, note that the fossil was preserved in life poisition, then the stereom in abactinal surface was unaltered. B. IAA- Pi-373-G; position and arrangement of primary and secondary spines and pedicellariae in actinal inclined side of arm (B1); lateral view of arm, showing spines and pedicellariae associated to actinolaterals (B2). Abbreviations: 1Sp, primary spine; 2Sp, secondary spine.

Fig. 6 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 6. Zoroasterid asteroid Zoroaster marambioensis sp. nov., Eocene, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica. A. IAA-Pi-373-K, abactinal (A1) and actinal (A2) views of a regenerating arm tip, note the size differences between ossicles and terminal small and inconspicuous. B. IAA-Pi-373-N, abactinal (B1) and actinal (B2) views of arm tip. C. IAA-Pi-373-L, regenerating arm tip on abactinal (C1) and actinal (C2) views, note small ossicles in chaotic arrangement on abactinal side. D. IAA-Pi-373-Q1, transverse section of a partially deformed ray. E. IAA-Pi- 373-Q4, actinal view of a ray on the second third section, note that the third row of actinolaterals is reduced towards the arm tip (arrows). F. IAA-Pi-373-E, close-up of popular pore with small pedicellariae basal plate (arrow). G. IAA-Pi-373-E, small pedicellariae blades (arrow) on associated to a non-carinate adambulacral (arrow). H. IAA-Pi-373-R, inclined views of arms in life position; furrow with two big and three small pedicellariae (arrows) (H1); arm with three big pedicellariae (arrows) (H2).

Fig. 5 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 5. Zoroasterid asteroid Zoroaster marambioensis sp. nov., Eocene, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica. A. IAA-Pi-373-B, actinal (A1) and abactinal (A2) views. Gastropod valve near peristome location, partially attached to orals in actinal side (arrow). B. IAA-Pi-373-M, actinal view, showing oral depression, inferred position of actinostome and orals. C. IAA-Pi-373-E, detail of arm structures; abactinal view, indicating ossicle rows (C1); lateral view of distal, denuded part of the arm (C2), note the insertion marks left by primary and secondary spines on marginals and actinolaterals (arrows); lateral view of proximal part of arm, primary and secondary spine number and arrangement (C3); carinal ossicle structure and position of papular orifices (C4). D. IAA-Pi-373-I, interbrachial zone of disc on abactinal view, modified triangular marginals (arrows). E. IAA-Pi-373-C; position of madreporic plate on fragmented disc (E1); detailed structure of madreporite (arrow) (E2). Abbreviations: Adr, adradial; Al, actinolateral; C, carinal; Ct, central; Ird, interradial; M, marginal; R, radial.

Fig. 4 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 4. Zoroasterid asteroid Zoroaster marambioensis sp. nov., Eocene, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica. A. IAA-Pi-373-A, general view of abactinal surface. B–H. General appearance of each fragment in abactinal (B1–H1) and actinal (B2–H2) views. B. IAA- Pi-373-B. C. IAA-Pi-373-C. D. IAA-Pi-373-D. E. IAA-Pi-373-E. F. IAA-Pi-373-F. G. IAA-Pi-373-G. H. IAA-Pi-373-H.

Fig. 3 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 3. Overview of asteroid layer in the type locality, GPS POI 64°14'24" S, 56°40'02" W, Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation (Eocene). Seymour Island, Antarctica. Arrows indicate asteroid fragments.

Fig. 2. Detailed stratigraphic column from Cucullaea I in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 2. Detailed stratigraphic column from Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta Formation. Abbreviations: C, conglomerate; cS, coarse sandstone; fS, fine sandstone; mS, medium sandstone. Scale bars 100 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new zoroasterid asteroid from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fig. 1. Geologic map (A) and stratigraphic column (B) of Seymour Island, Antarctica (modified from Montes et al. 2013). The star shows the place of discovery. Abbreviatons: M, Middle; U, Upper.

Fig. 6 in A new vesselless angiosperm stem with a cambial variant from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica

Fig. 6. Simplified phylogenetic representation (modified from APG VI 2016), with the three main atypical morphological characters discussed: presence of AVES pattern, absence of vessels, and presence of transitional tracheid-vessel elements.

Fig. 5 in A new vesselless angiosperm stem with a cambial variant from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica

Fig. 5. World distribution of extant Chloranthaceae (red area) and sites where macro/meso fossils of the family were found (asterisks): Couperites USA), Chloranthistemon (Sweden and USA), Asteropollis plant and Canrightia (Portugal), Zlatkocarpus (Czech Republic), loose anthers Argentina), and Sarcandraxylon gen. nov. (Antarctic Peninsula).

Fig. 3 in A new vesselless angiosperm stem with a cambial variant from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica

Fig. 3. SEM images of the secondary xylem of the chloranthacean angiosperm Sarcandraxylon sanjosense gen. et sp. nov. (IAA-Pb 621), San José Pass, Antarctica, early–middle Campanian. A. Transverse section of the stem, showing one vascular bundle in the middle, pith toward the right, white arrows pointing uniseriate fascicular rays. B. Parenchymatic cells of an interfascicular ray in transverse section showing the main shape and piritization of the cell walls. C. Secondary xylem in longitudinal tangential section, showing fascicular xylem (fx) and interfascicular rays (ir). D. Longitudinal section of fascicular xylem; D1, showing tracheids and a two cells tall uniseriate ray (white arrow) with elongate upright cells; D2, detail showing cell walls partially replaced with framboidal pyrite (white arrow). Scale bars: A, D, 100 μm; B, 40 μm; C, 200 μm; E, 50 μm.

Fig. 2 in A new vesselless angiosperm stem with a cambial variant from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica

Fig. 2. Light micrographs of the stem of chloranthacean angiosperm Sarcandraxylon sanjosense gen. et sp. nov. (IAA-Pb 621), San José Pass, Antarctica, early–middle Campanian. A. Transverse section of the complete stem with pith, secondary xylem, phloem, and bark. B. Protoxylem (black arrow) and metaxylem (white arrow) in a vascular bundle. C. Secondary xylem in transverse section, pith in the left (white arrow), two interfascicular rays and fascicular secondary xylem (fx) intercalated. White arrow pointing uniseriate fascicular ray. D. Detail of bark and secondary phloem. Note phloem with AVES pattern as well. Phloem cells not preserved (p) and phloem fibers cap (black double head arrow) separated by interfascicular rays (ir). Bark (white double head arrow) with a continued thickened layer, forming shallow ribs. E. Tangential section of the stem, arrows pointing fascicular uniseriate rays; at both sides interfascicular rays (ir). Scale bars: 50 μm; except A, 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in A new vesselless angiosperm stem with a cambial variant from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of the stem of extant chloranthacean angiosperm Sarcandra glabra (Thunberg, 1794) Nakai, 1930. Images taken from the database of Japanese woods of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (http://db.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/WoodDB/JWDB-E/home.php; accessed in 2019). A. Transverse section of the stem, pith almost entirely missing, secondary xylem with growth rings, secondary phloem and bark. B. Secondary xylem in transverse section, two interfascicular rays (ir) and fascicular secondary xylem (fx) intercalated. White arrow pointing uniseriate fascicular ray. Black arrow pointing protoxylem. C. Detail of bark and secondary phloem. Note phloem with AVES pattern as well. Phloem cells preserved and phloem fibers cap (black double headed arrow) separated by interfascicular rays. Bark (white double headed arrow) with a continued thickened layer. D. Tangential section of the stem, arrows pointing fascicular uniseriate rays in fascicular xylem (fx). Interfascicular rays (ir) intercalated. Scale bars 50 μm, except A, 1 mm.

opencc-zeroMar 2019View details →

FIG. 3 in Intraindividual variation in nuclear DNA content in Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh and Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 3. — Developmental stages of sporangia in Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh stained with DAPI: A-C, four-nucleate sporangium (4-ns) and sporangial mother cells (smc); D, mature sporangia. Scale bars: A-D, 5 μm.

opencc-zeroMar 2019View details →

FIG. 1 in Intraindividual variation in nuclear DNA content in Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh and Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 1. — Cells of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot stained with DAPI: A, mitotic figure (mf) of dividing cortical cells (cc); B, uninucleate cortical cells; C, D, mature antheridia (ma), antheridia germinative cells (agc), antheridium (a) and four-nucleate antheridium (4-na); E, five-nucleate antheridium (5-na); F, antheridia germinative cells. Scale bars: A-D, 5 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Monthly accumulated sublimation and yearly accumulated surface mass balance (SMB) components RACMO model simulations for Antarctica on 27km grid for 2000-2012

<p>Monthly accumulated (denoted monthlyS) sublimation components and yearly accumulated (denoted yearlyS) surface mass balance (SMB) components for Antarctica (ANT) on 27 km horizontal grid produced by RACMO model are presented in this dataset for the year 2000-2012. The dataset consists of data from three simulations named, NODRIFT, Rp3, and RpNew. NODRIFT represents the run with no blowing snow sublimation, Rp3 corresponds to version of the blowing snow model with simplifications, RpNew corresponds to the advanced version with new updates to the blowing snow model in RACMO. Details of the simulations can be found in the associated paper : <a title="Contribution of blowing snow sublimation to the surface mass balance of Antarctica" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-116" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-116</a>. The data includes yealy accumulated SMB components including SMB, snow melt, refreezing, precipiation, runoff, blowing snow erosion, surface sublimation, and blowing snow sublimation, the data also includes yearly averaged (denoted yearlyA) . Furthermore, the data includes monthly accumulated sublimation components of surface sublimation (subl), and blowing snow sublimation (suds). </p>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 in Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Trigonaspis spp. Revisited

Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 – whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths; 18 – complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema; 19 – detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18); 20 – rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out; 21 – detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group; 22 – detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings; 23 – uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 4 in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Anteholosticha rectangula sp. nov. from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

Fig. 4. Majority consensus tree from Bayesian inference using nuclear SSU rDNA sequences. Anteholosticha rectangula is indicated in bold in the tree. Posterior probabilities of Bayesian inference (BI) and bootstrap values of maximum likelihood (ML) are presented on each interior branch. Dashes denote a value showing less than half of the full posterior probability or bootstrap value. Scale bar indicates two base substitutions per one hundred nucleotides.