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Subspecies and Distribution. I. a. albicauda Cuvier, 1829 — Senegal to E Sudan, Eritrea, and N Somalia; also Arabian Peninsula. I. a. dialeucos Hollister, 1916 — N Kenya, S Somalia, and S Ethiopia. I. a. grandis Thomas, 1890 — S Angola, Zambia, S Tanzania to South Africa. I. a. ibeana Thomas, 1904 — DR Congo to C Kenya. I. a. loandae Thomas, 1904 — N Angola and S DR Congo. I. a. loempo Temminck, 1853 — W Africa (Guinea). in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. I. a. albicauda Cuvier, 1829 — Senegal to E Sudan, Eritrea, and N Somalia; also Arabian Peninsula. I. a. dialeucos Hollister, 1916 — N Kenya, S Somalia, and S Ethiopia. I. a. grandis Thomas, 1890 — S Angola, Zambia, S Tanzania to South Africa. I. a. ibeana Thomas, 1904 — DR Congo to C Kenya. I. a. loandae Thomas, 1904 — N Angola and S DR Congo. I. a. loempo Temminck, 1853 — W Africa (Guinea).

Subspecies and Distribution. G. g. genetta Linnaeus, 1758 — SW Europe and N Africa from Morocco to Libya. G. g. dongolana Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 — E, NE & C Africa. G. g. grantii Thomas, 1902 — SW Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and Oman. G. g. pulchra Matschie, 1902 — Angola, Namibia, Botswana, W Zambia, and NE South Africa. G. g. senegalensis Fischer, 1829 — W Africa. in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. G. g. genetta Linnaeus, 1758 — SW Europe and N Africa from Morocco to Libya. G. g. dongolana Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 — E, NE & C Africa. G. g. grantii Thomas, 1902 — SW Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and Oman. G. g. pulchra Matschie, 1902 — Angola, Namibia, Botswana, W Zambia, and NE South Africa. G. g. senegalensis Fischer, 1829 — W Africa.

Subspecies and Distribution. M. c. capensis Schreber, 1776 — S Africa N to Angola, Mozambique, and Zambia. M. c. buechneri Baryshnikov, 2000 — C Asia including Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. M. c. concisa Thomas & Wroughton, 1907 — Algeria, Morocco, and Subsaharan Africa from Mauritania to Ethiopia. M.c. cotton: Lydekker, 1906 — C Africa from Gabon to Tanzania. M. M.c. inaurita Hodgson, 1836 — Nepal. \g M.c. indica Kerr, 1792 — India and Pakistan. M. M.c. maxwell Thomas, 1923 — Kenya and Somalia. \J M.c. pumalio Pocock, 1946 — S Arabian Peninsula and Yemen. M. M.c. signata Pocock, 1909 — Guinea and Sierra Leone. \f M.c. wilsoni Cheesman, 1920 — Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. in Mustelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. c. capensis Schreber, 1776 — S Africa N to Angola, Mozambique, and Zambia. M. c. buechneri Baryshnikov, 2000 — C Asia including Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. M. c. concisa Thomas & Wroughton, 1907 — Algeria, Morocco, and Subsaharan Africa from Mauritania to Ethiopia. M.c. cotton: Lydekker, 1906 — C Africa from Gabon to Tanzania. M. M.c. inaurita Hodgson, 1836 — Nepal. \g M.c. indica Kerr, 1792 — India and Pakistan. M. M.c. maxwell Thomas, 1923 — Kenya and Somalia. \J M.c. pumalio Pocock, 1946 — S Arabian Peninsula and Yemen. M. M.c. signata Pocock, 1909 — Guinea and Sierra Leone. \f M.c. wilsoni Cheesman, 1920 — Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.

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Distribution. SW Arabian Peninsula in SW Saudi Arabia and W Yemen and E Africa in Ethiopia, E South Sudan, Somalia, and Kenya. This distribution is temporary although and pending of genetic studies including a complete representation of the species in the analysis. in Miniopteridae

Distribution. SW Arabian Peninsula in SW Saudi Arabia and W Yemen and E Africa in Ethiopia, E South Sudan, Somalia, and Kenya. This distribution is temporary although and pending of genetic studies including a complete representation of the species in the analysis.

FIGURE 5A−F in Description of a new species of Odontochrydium Brauns (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the Arabian Peninsula

FIGURE 5A−F. Odontochrydium bicristatum Rosa, male, paratype. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. Head, frontal view; D. T2–T3; E. Mesosomal sternum (part) and metasomal sterna; F. Genitalia, ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1A−C in Description of a new species of Odontochrydium Brauns (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the Arabian Peninsula

FIGURE 1A−C. Odontochrydium arabicum sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Habitus, ventral view. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4A−D in Description of a new species of Odontochrydium Brauns (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the Arabian Peninsula

FIGURE 4A−D. Odontochrydium arabicum sp. nov., female, paratype. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma and T1, detail; D. T2–T3. Scales = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3A−G in Description of a new species of Odontochrydium Brauns (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the Arabian Peninsula

FIGURE 3A−G. Odontochrydium arabicum sp. nov. (A−F. male, holotype; G. male, paratype). A. Fore wing; B. T2–T3, dorsal view; C. T2–T3, detail; D. Metasomal sterna; E, G. Genitalia, dorsal views; F. Genitalia, ventral view. Scales A−D = 0.5 mm, except E−G = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 2A–F in Description of a new species of Odontochrydium Brauns (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the Arabian Peninsula

FIGURE 2A–F. Odontochrydium arabicum sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Head, frontal view; B. Antenna; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Head, mesosoma and T1, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, detail; F. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. Scales = 0.5 mm.

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

Distribution. Widespread in N and NE Africa, occurring from Senegal on the W coast of Africa to Egypt in the E, in a range that includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya in the N to Nigeria, Chad, and Tanzania in the S. They have expanded their range from the Arabian Peninsula into Western Europe, to Bulgaria, Austria, and NE Italy and E into Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, the entire Indian subcontinent, then E and S to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of Indochina. in Canidae

Distribution. Widespread in N and NE Africa, occurring from Senegal on the W coast of Africa to Egypt in the E, in a range that includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya in the N to Nigeria, Chad, and Tanzania in the S. They have expanded their range from the Arabian Peninsula into Western Europe, to Bulgaria, Austria, and NE Italy and E into Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, the entire Indian subcontinent, then E and S to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of Indochina.

Subspecies and Distribution. P. p. pardus Linnaeus, 1758 — Sudan and NE Zaire. P. p. adersi Pocock, 1932 — Zanzibar I (could be extinct). P. p. adusta Pocock, 1927 — Ethiopian highlands. P. p. ciscaucasicus Satunin, 1914 — Caucasus mountains. P. p. dathei Zukowsky, 1959 — S and C Iran (of dubious validity). P. p. delacouri Pocock, 1930 — S China to Malay Peninsula. P. p. fusca Meyer, 1794 — Indian subcontinent. P. p. japonensis Gray, 1862 — NC China. P. p. jarvisi Pocock, 1932 — Sinai Peninsula. P. p. kotiya Deraniyagala, 1949 — Sri Lanka. P. p. leopardus Schreber, 1777 — Rain forests of W and C Africa. P. p. melanotica Gunther, 1775 — S Africa. P. p. melas Cuvier, 1809 — Java. P. p. nanopardus Thomas, 1904 — Somali arid zone. P. p. nimr Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 —S Israel to Arabian peninsula. P. p. orientalis Schlegel, 1857 — Russian Far East, Korea, and NE China. P. p. panthera Schreber, 1777 — N Africa. P. p. pernigra Gray, 1863 — Kashmir through Nepal to SW Xizang and Sichuan. P. p. reichenow: Cabrera, 1918 — Savannas of Cameroon. P. p. ruwenzori Camerano, 1906 — Ruwenzori and Virunga mountains of Zaire, Rwanda, and Burundi. P. p. saxicolor Pocock, 1927 — N Iran and S Turkmenistan E to Afghanistan. P. p. sindica Pocock, 1930 — SE Afghanistan through W and S Pakistan. P. p. suahelicus Neumann, 1900 — E Africa, from Kenya S to Mozambique. P. p. tulliana Valenciennes, 1856 — Turkey. in Felidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. p. pardus Linnaeus, 1758 — Sudan and NE Zaire. P. p. adersi Pocock, 1932 — Zanzibar I (could be extinct). P. p. adusta Pocock, 1927 — Ethiopian highlands. P. p. ciscaucasicus Satunin, 1914 — Caucasus mountains. P. p. dathei Zukowsky, 1959 — S and C Iran (of dubious validity). P. p. delacouri Pocock, 1930 — S China to Malay Peninsula. P. p. fusca Meyer, 1794 — Indian subcontinent. P. p. japonensis Gray, 1862 — NC China. P. p. jarvisi Pocock, 1932 — Sinai Peninsula. P. p. kotiya Deraniyagala, 1949 — Sri Lanka. P. p. leopardus Schreber, 1777 — Rain forests of W and C Africa. P. p. melanotica Gunther, 1775 — S Africa. P. p. melas Cuvier, 1809 — Java. P. p. nanopardus Thomas, 1904 — Somali arid zone. P. p. nimr Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 —S Israel to Arabian peninsula. P. p. orientalis Schlegel, 1857 — Russian Far East, Korea, and NE China. P. p. panthera Schreber, 1777 — N Africa. P. p. pernigra Gray, 1863 — Kashmir through Nepal to SW Xizang and Sichuan. P. p. reichenow: Cabrera, 1918 — Savannas of Cameroon. P. p. ruwenzori Camerano, 1906 — Ruwenzori and Virunga mountains of Zaire, Rwanda, and Burundi. P. p. saxicolor Pocock, 1927 — N Iran and S Turkmenistan E to Afghanistan. P. p. sindica Pocock, 1930 — SE Afghanistan through W and S Pakistan. P. p. suahelicus Neumann, 1900 — E Africa, from Kenya S to Mozambique. P. p. tulliana Valenciennes, 1856 — Turkey.

Subspecies and Distribution. F.m. margarita Loche, 1858 — Sahara. F. m. harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb & Groves, 1976 — Egypt, Israel, Arabian Peninsula. F. m. scheffeli Hemmer, 1974 — Pakistan. F.m. thinobia Ognev, 1926 — deserts E of the Caspian Sea. in Felidae

Subspecies and Distribution. F.m. margarita Loche, 1858 — Sahara. F. m. harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb & Groves, 1976 — Egypt, Israel, Arabian Peninsula. F. m. scheffeli Hemmer, 1974 — Pakistan. F.m. thinobia Ognev, 1926 — deserts E of the Caspian Sea.

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FIGURES 5–9 in A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)

FIGURES 5–9. Holotype (5-8) and allotype (9) of Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species. 5, head in dorsal view; 6, aedeagus in lateral view; 7, parameres in dorsal view; 8, lamella copulatrix; 9, genitalia. Picture(s) 5 by Augusto Degiovanni, 6–9 by Gabriele Fiumi.

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FIGURES 10–11. 10 in A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)

FIGURES 10–11. 10, type locality of Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species, an urban garden in Sana'a city, Yemen. Picture by Ingo Brunk. 11, known localities of O. (F.) shaykh, new species, type locality in red. Map realized by Maurizio Bollino.

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FIGURES 1–4 in A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)

FIGURES 1–4. Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species. 1, male (holotype), habitus; 2, female (allotype), habitus; 3, male (holotype), forebody in frontal view; 4, female (allotype), forebody in frontal view. Pictures by Augusto Degiovanni.

FIGURE 53 in Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman

FIGURE 53. Distribution map of Poecilia latipinna, an established exotic fish of Oman. Pink: Southwestern Arabian Coast, green: Oman Mountains, and yellow: Arabian Interior.

FIGURE 49 in Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman

FIGURE 49. Distribution map of Aphaniops kruppi in Oman. Pink: Southwestern Arabian Coast, green: Oman Mountains, and yellow: Arabian Interior.

FIGURE 39 in Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman

FIGURE 39. Distribution map of Favonigobius melanobranchus in Oman. Pink: Southwestern Arabian Coast, green: Oman Mountains, and yellow: Arabian Interior.

FIGURE 37 in Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman

FIGURE 37. Distribution map of Cryptocentroides arabicus in Oman with three new locality records in the Wadis adjacent to the coastal area of the Arabian Sea. Pink: Southwestern Arabian Coast, green: Oman Mountains, and yellow: Arabian Interior.