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1,342 results for “Lichen”
Data from: Candelariella clarkii and Lecidea hoganii: two lichen species new to science from White Rocks Open Space, City of Boulder, Colorado
Two new species are described from vouchers collected as part of an intensive lichen inventory of Fox Hills Sandstone outcrops in an open space preserve within the city limits of Boulder, Colorado. Candelariella clarkii is characterized by its cryptolecanorine apothecia, chartreuse areolate thallus, and 8-spored asci. Lecidea hoganii is a member of the L. auriculata morphological group characterized by a thick white chalky thallus, pink pigments in the hymenium, and absence of secondary compounds. We provide IUCN conservation assessments for both new species, which should be considered critically endangered. The discovery of two species new to science in a relatively densely populated region of North America illustrates the ecological relevance of small of patches of native habitat, which are certain to become even more important in the future.
Data from: Herteliana schuyleriana (Squamarinaceae), a new crustose lichen widespread in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
Herteliana schuyleriana is described as new to science based on collections from throughout the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. Taxonomic placement is inferred from molecular phylogenic analysis of mtSSU sequence data that recovered the taxon as sister to the type species of Herteliana, H. gagei, and strongly supported these taxa as embedded within the Squamarinaceae. The new species is characterized by its occurrence on non-calcareous shaded rocks in inland forested habitats (vs. exposed maritime oceanic habitats), its greenish-blue crustose thallus, presence of abundant blastidia on the thallus surface, frequent sterility, and by the production of roccellic/angardianic acid together with occasional trace amounts of psoromic acid as accessories to atranorin.
Data from: A review of the lichens of the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina, eastern North America
The results of a large-scale biodiversity inventory of lichens (including lichenicolous and allied fungi) in the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot (DRBH) are presented. The DRBH is a region within the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP) of eastern North America that was recently delineated based on its unique and diverse lichen communities relative to other areas of the Atlantic Coast. Drawing on 4,952 newly generated voucher specimens from 49 sites, patterns of biodiversity and biogeography are presented and discussed within the context of both the DRBH and the broader MACP. Relationships between natural communities, vegetation, and lichen communities are discussed, as are threats to the lichen biota. A series of conservation actions are presented together with avenues for future study. In addition, supplementary resources are provided in the form of: (a) a checklist of DRBH lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi; (b) keys to DRBH lichens and lichenicolous and allied fungi; and (c) formal descriptions of the following species new to science that were discovered during the inventory: Albemarlea pamlicoensis gen. et. sp. nov., Arthonia agelastica sp. nov. (on Lecanora louisianae B. de Lesd.), Arthonia hodgesii sp. nov. (on Graphis lineola), Arthonia stevensoniana sp. nov. (on Haematomma accolens), Lichenochora haematommatum sp. nov. (on Haematomma persoonii), Megalaria alligatorensis sp. nov., Minutoexcipula miniatoexcipula sp. nov. (on Pertusaria epixantha), Trichosphaerella buckii sp. nov. (on Punctelia rudecta).
Data from: Climate-woodland effects on population genetics for two congeneric lichens with contrasting reproductive strategies
Genetic variation is expected to be influenced by the interaction between reproductive mode and dispersal traits on the one hand, and environmental and habitat setting affecting establishment success on the other. We evaluated how environmental/habitat setting affect population genetic variation (i.e. variation in genetic diversity and structure) when regulated by contrasting dispersal traits. We used fungus-specific microsatellite markers to examine genetic diversity and structure of two closely related epiphytic lichen fungi that differ in their primary reproductive mode: Nephroma laevigatum (sexually reproducing, N = 191, ten microsatellites) and N. parile (asexually, N = 182, twelve microsatellites), along a steep climatic gradient in Scotland. Despite their reproductive differences, we found a high proportion of clones in both species and a background pattern of genetic structure related to climatic gradients. We also demonstrated that woodland connectivity, rather than geographic distance, explained genetic diversity in both species. Environmental/habitat setting, modulated by the reproductive mode of the species, affects genetic diversity and structure, but the putative dissimilarity in their reproductive mode is less important than has been previously assumed. We reinforce the importance of protecting highly connected populations, positioned along a gradient capturing the segregation of gene pool differences in response to climatic variation.
Data from: Studies in Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi – no. 18: resolution of three names introduced by Degelius and Magnusson based on material from the Great Smoky Mountains
Arthonia biseptata is shown to be a species of Mycoporum, likely narrowly endemic to high elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains and the new combination M. biseptatum is proposed. Lecidea degelii is shown to apply to the sorediate morphotype of Porpidia albocaerulescens. The results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and mtSSU sequence data of sorediate and esorediate populations of P. albocaerulescens are presented. These analyses recovered the sorediate and esorediate morophotypes together in a single clade as strongly-supported monophyletic entities. As a result the new combination Porpidia degelii is proposed, the species illustrated, and the North American distribution of P. degelii with respect to P. albocaerulescens is discussed. These data strongly refute the notion that "species pairs" do not exist in Porpidia. Lecidea subtilis is placed in synonymy with Pyrrhospora varians.
Data from: Genetic structure in a fragmented Northern Hemisphere rainforest: large effective sizes and high connectivity among populations of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria
An extraordinary diversity of epiphytic lichens is found in the boreal rainforest of central Norway, the highest-latitude rainforest in the world. These rainforest relicts are located in ravine systems, and clear cutting has increased the distance between remaining patches. We hypothesized that the relatively small lichen populations in the remaining forest stands have suffered a depletion of genetic diversity through bottlenecks and founder events. In order to test this hypothesis we assessed genetic diversity and structure in populations of the tripartite lichen Lobaria pulmonaria using eight SSR loci. We sampled thalli growing on Picea abies branches and propagules deposited in snow at three localities. Contrary to expectations, we found high genetic diversity in lichen and snow samples, and high effective sizes of the studied populations. Also, limited genetic differentiation between populations, high historical migration rates, and a high proportion of first generation immigrants were estimated, implying high connectivity across distances <30 km. Almost all genetic variation was due to variation within sites; spatial genetic structures within populations were absent or appeared on small scales (5–10 m). The high genetic diversity in the remaining old boreal rainforests shows that even relict forest patches might be suitable for conservation of genetic diversity.
Data from: Phylogeny and taxonomy of an enigmatic sterile lichen
Crustose, asexually reproducing taxa represent a large component of lichen biodiversity that is often overlooked and underestimated; as a result, remarkable potential remains for discovery of new species in this neglected, polyphyletic group. For this study, ITS and mtSSU rDNA sequences were analyzed in conjunction with chemical and anatomical data to understand the systematic placement of an enigmatic, sterile lichen. This species, despite references in the literature, and being known for over half a decade, has remained undescribed due to our inability to integrate it into a higher-level taxonomic framework using morphology alone. Here we demonstrate the utility of a systematic methodology that combines molecular and non-molecular characters to place and circumscribe species of asexually reproducing lichens that are typically sterile. Based on our analyses, the new species, Caloplaca reptans, shows phylogenetic and morphological affinities to a broad group of Caloplaca species with gray thalli, including the type species of the genus, C. cerina. This study highlights that the family Teloschistaceae is morphologically more diverse than previously understood, and contains elements that cannot easily be placed in known 'species groups.'
Data from: Thelomma ocellatum, a range extension to the Yukon Territory and case study in the use of molecular data to recognize asexually reproducing crustose lichens
An unusual sterile, asexually reproducing crustose lichen was encountered during fieldwork in the Yukon Territory of Canada. Genus and family level placement of the taxon were precluded by a lack of both sexual characters and any non-sexual characters that would have suggested an unambiguous generic affiliation. Examination of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data of the taxon revealed it to be a member of the Caliciaceae, with a sister relationship to the genus Tholurna. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU sequence data suggested conspecificity with Thelomma ocellatum, one of the few calicioid lichens that reproduce asexually via lichenized diaspores. Comparison of the material from the Yukon with reference specimens and descriptions of T. ocellatum confirmed the identification of these populations, which extend the known distribution of T. ocellatum considerably northward in North America.
Data from: Quantifying the climatic niche of symbiont partners in a lichen symbiosis indicates mutualist-mediated niche expansions
The large distributional areas and ecological niches of many lichenized fungi may in part be due to the plasticity in interactions between the fungus (mycobiont) and its algal or cyanobacterial partners (photobionts). On the one hand, broad-scale phylogenetic analyses show that partner compatibility in lichens is rather constrained and shaped by reciprocal selection pressures and codiversification independent of ecological drivers. On the other hand, sub-species-level associations among lichen symbionts appear to be environmentally structured rather than phylogenetically constrained. In particular, switching between photobiont ecotypes with distinct environmental preferences has been hypothesized as an adaptive strategy for lichen-forming fungi to broaden their ecological niche. The extent and direction of photobiont-mediated range expansions in lichens, however, have not been examined comprehensively at a broad geographic scale. Here we investigate the population genetic structure of Lasallia pustulata symbionts at sub-species-level resolution across the mycobiont's Europe-wide range, using fungal MCM7 and algal ITS rDNA sequence markers. We show that variance in occurrence probabilities in the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in mycobiont-photobiont interactions is closely related to changes in climatic niches. Quantification of niche extent and overlap based on species distribution modeling and construction of Hutchinsonian climatic hypervolumes revealed that combinations of fungal-algal interactions change at the sub-species level along latitudinal temperature gradients and in Mediterranean climate zones. Our study provides evidence for symbiont-mediated niche expansion in lichens. We discuss our results in the light of symbiont polymorphism and partner switching as potential mechanisms of environmental adaptation and niche evolution in mutualisms.
FIGURE 3 in The Little Lichen Dragon—an extraordinary katydid from the Ecuadorian Andes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae, Dysoniini)
FIGURE 3. Calling song and altitudinal distribution of Lichenodraculus matti sp. nov. A: Male specimen cbt063s01, oscillogram of complete call and expansion of the two last syllables, and linear power spectrum of frequency range (at 20°C inside cage in room); B: Male cbt063s02 (holotype), oscillogram of complete call (at 23.5°C in cage in sunlight); C: Occurrence along investigated altitudinal gradient from 1000 to 3400 m (female allotype with imprecise locality data not included; acoustic records based on one survey per locality; modified from Braun 2002).
FIGURE 2 in The Little Lichen Dragon—an extraordinary katydid from the Ecuadorian Andes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae, Dysoniini)
FIGURE 2. Female allotype and male holotype of Lichenodraculus matti sp. nov. in lateral view (same scale); ventral view of male cerci and subgenital plate (one stylus missing), partial dorsal view of male, and left male cercus in lateral view (these three pictures also of the holotype).
FIGURE 1 in The Little Lichen Dragon—an extraordinary katydid from the Ecuadorian Andes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae, Dysoniini)
FIGURE 1. The first individual of Lichenodraculus matti sp. nov. in original nymphal stage (body length about 8 mm), subadult, and adult (total length from end of vertex spine to hind wing tip 27 mm).
FIGURES 22–28 in Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 22–28. Lissothrips species from Australia. (22) thomsonae meso & metanotum and pelta. (23) hypni male tergites VIII-X. Thoracic sternites 24–26: (24) corticosus, (25) tallagandai, (26) taverneri. Male sternite VIII 27–28: (27) tallagandai, (28) thomsonae.
FIGURES 8–15 in Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 8–15. Lissothrips species from Australia—head and pronotum. (8) corticosus; (9) discus; (10) hypni; (11) gersoni; (12) taverneri; (13) tallagandai; (14) discus; (15) thomsonae.
FIGURES 1–7 in Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 1–7. Lissothrips species from Australia—antennae. (1) corticosus; (2) discus; (3) dentatus; (4) hypni; (5) tallagandai; (6) taverneri; (7) thomsonae.
FIGURES 29–32 in Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 29–32. Williamsiella insperata. (29) Head & pronotum; (30) Antenna; (31) Meso & metanota and pelta; (32) Thoracic sternites.
FIGURES 16–21 in Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
FIGURES 16–21. Lissothrips species from Australia—meso & metanotum and pelta. (16) corticosus; (17); dentatus; (18) discus; (19) hypni; (20) tallagandai; (21) taverneri.
Figure 2 in Japeaeiella dollŋpartoniana, a New Widespread Lichen in the Appalachian Mountains of Eastern North America
Figure 2. Ecology and distribution of Japeaeiella dollŋpartoniana. A–B, high-elevation heath balds where the species is most commonly found in the southern Appalachians (photographs by S. McKenzie). C, known distribution of the species.
Figure 1 in Japeaeiella dollŋpartoniana, a New Widespread Lichen in the Appalachian Mountains of Eastern North America
Figure 1. Morphology of Japeaeiella dollŋpartoniana. A–B, apothecia and thallus (0.5-mm scale bars). C–D, asci (C— 20 µm, D—50 µm). E, ascospore (20 µm). F, details of excipular anatomy (50 µm).
FIGURE 1 in Lectotypification of the name Umbilicaria africana (Umbilicariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)
FIGURE 1. Gyrophora haplocarpa var. africana Jatta (Lectotype, NAP, Jatta collection, s.n.). A. Original envelope. B. Upper surface. C. Lower surface. Scales: B & C=1 cm. Photos by Roberta Vallariello.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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