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445 results for “Neotropical diversity”
FIG. 11. — Tafalisca duckeana n in New Brazilian Tafaliscina increase the diversity of this Neotropical cricket clade (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae: Paroecanthini)
FIG. 11. — Tafalisca duckeana n. sp. male: A, dorsal habitus; B, lateral habitus; C, frontal head; D, metanotum, dorsal; E, fore and middle tibia; F, hind tibia, inner face; G, hind tibia, outer face; H, supra anal plate; I, subgenital plate. Female: J, dorsal habitus; K, supra anal plate and ovipositor, dorsal; L, subgenital plate and ovipositor, ventral. Scale bars: A, B, J, 2 mm; C-I, K, L, 1 mm.
FIG. 4. — Veredatrypa rosai n. gen., n in New Brazilian Tafaliscina increase the diversity of this Neotropical cricket clade (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae: Paroecanthini)
FIG. 4. — Veredatrypa rosai n. gen., n. sp. male genitalia: A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral; D, posterior. Abbreviations: EctAp, ectophallic apodeme; EctF, ectophallic fold; EndSc, endophallic sclerite; LLophi, lateral lophi of pseudepiphallus; m, membrane; MLophi, median lophi of pseudepiphallus; PsP, pseudepiphallic paramere; R, rami. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 16. — Tafalisca vestigialis n in New Brazilian Tafaliscina increase the diversity of this Neotropical cricket clade (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae: Paroecanthini)
FIG. 16. — Tafalisca vestigialis n. sp. male genitalia: A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral. Abbreviations: EctAp, ectophallic apodeme; EctF, ectophallic fold; EndSc, endophallic sclerite; LLophi, lateral lophi of pseudepiphallus; m, membrane; MLophi, median lophi of pseudepiphallus; PsP, pseudepiphallic paramere; R, rami. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 14. — Tafalisca vestigialis n in New Brazilian Tafaliscina increase the diversity of this Neotropical cricket clade (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae: Paroecanthini)
FIG. 14. — Tafalisca vestigialis n. sp. male: A, dorsal habitus; B, lateral habitus; C, frontal head; D, right FW; E, metanotum, dorsal; F, supra anal plate; G, subgenital plate. Scale bars: A-D, 2 mm; E-G, 1 mm.
FIG. 3. — Veredatrypa rosai n. gen., n in New Brazilian Tafaliscina increase the diversity of this Neotropical cricket clade (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae: Paroecanthini)
FIG. 3. — Veredatrypa rosai n. gen., n. sp. male genitalia: A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral. Female copulatory papilla: D, dorsal; E, ventral; F, lateral. Scale bars: A-C, 1 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm.
Data from: Paleoclimatic evolution as the main driver of current genomic diversity in the widespread and polymorphic Neotropical songbird Arremon taciturnus
Several factors have been proposed as drivers of species diversification in the Neotropics, including environmental heterogeneity, the development of drainage systems and historical changes in forest distribution due to climatic oscillations. Here, we investigate which drivers contributed to the evolutionary history and current patterns of diversity of a polymorphic songbird (Arremon taciturnus) that is widely distributed in Amazonian and Atlantic forests as well as in Cerrado gallery and seasonally-dry forests. We use genomic, phenotypic and habitat heterogeneity data coupled with climatic niche modeling. Results suggest the evolutionary history of the species is mainly related to paleoclimatic changes, although changes in the strength of the Amazon river as a barrier to dispersal, current habitat heterogeneity and geographic distance were also relevant. We propose an ancestral distribution in the Guyana Shield, and recent colonization of areas south of the Amazon river at ~380–166 kya, expansion of distribution to southern Amazonia, Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. Since then, populations south of the Amazon River have been subjected to cycles of isolation and possibly secondary contact due to climatic changes that affected habitat heterogeneity and population connectivity. Most Amazonian rivers are not associated to long lasting isolation of populations, but some might act as secondary barriers, susceptible to crossing under specific climatic conditions. Morphological variation, while stable in some parts of the distribution, is not a reliable indicator of genetic structure or phylogenetic relationships.
Data from: Investigating the timing of origin and evolutionary processes shaping regional species diversity: insights from simulated data and Neotropical butterfly diversification rates
Different diversification scenarios have been proposed to explain the origin of extant biodiversity. However, most existing meta-analyses of time-calibrated phylogenies rely on approaches that do not quantitatively test alternative diversification processes. Here, I highlight the shortcomings of using species divergence ranks, which is a method widely used in meta-analyses. Divergence ranks consist of categorizing cladogenetic events to certain periods of time, typically to either Pleistocene or to pre-Pleistocene ages. This approach has been claimed to shed light on the origin of most extant species and the timing and dynamics of diversification in any biogeographical region. However, interpretations drawn from such method often confound two fundamental questions in macroevolutionary studies, tempo (timing of evolutionary rate shifts) and mode ("how" and "why" of speciation). By using simulated phylogenies under four diversification scenarios, constant-rate, diversity-dependence, high extinction, and high speciation rates in the Pleistocene, I showed that interpretations based on species divergence ranks might have been seriously misleading. Future meta-analyses of dated phylogenies need to be aware of the impacts of incomplete taxonomic sampling, tree topology, and divergence time uncertainties, as well as they might be benefited by including quantitative tests of alternative diversification models that acknowledge extinction and diversity dependence.
FIGURE 4 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity
FIGURE 4. Number of freshwater fish species per family in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
FIGURE 2 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)
FIGURE 2. (Continued)
FIGURE 11 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)
FIGURE 11. (Continued)
FIGURE 23 in Hidden in the bushes: uncovering the diversity of the genus Neometrypus Desutter 1988 n. status (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Paroecanthini: Tafaliscina) in Neotropical forests
FIGURE 23. Distribution map of the type localities of Neometrypus n. status species.
FIGURE 24. A—Neometrypus catiae n in Hidden in the bushes: uncovering the diversity of the genus Neometrypus Desutter 1988 n. status (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Paroecanthini: Tafaliscina) in Neotropical forests
FIGURE 24. A—Neometrypus catiae n. sp., adult male; B—Brazitrypa sp., nymph male.
Anticipating the potential impacts of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans on Neotropical salamander diversity
<p>Emergent infectious disease caused by the fungal pathogens <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (<i>Bd</i>) and <i>B. salamandrivorans</i> (<i>Bsal</i>) represent one of the major causes of biodiversity loss in amphibians. While <i>Bd </i>has affected amphibians worldwide, <i>Bsal </i>remains restricted to Asia and Europe, but also could be a major threat for salamanders in the Western hemisphere, including the 320 bolitoglossine species described. Here we predict the suitable areas for <i>Bsal </i>in the Neotropics and assessed its potential impact on bolitoglossine diversity. For this, we determined the geographic patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity for bolitoglossines and modelled the potential distribution of <i>Bsal</i> in the Neotropics. We identified which species and regions could be at risk from an eventual introduction of <i>Bsal </i>in the region, quantified the degree of overlap between regions of high diversity and the suitable conditions for the pathogen, and considered species IUCN Red List status, and geographic range size. We found that regions of high taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity are concentrated in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre Oriental, the southern portion of Sierra Madre del Sur and the mountains of Oaxaca in México, as well as the Chiapan-Guatemalan highlands, and the Cordilleras of Costa Rica and Panama. Alarmingly, the regions of high diversity for bolitoglossines and over 75% of the ranges of the more threatened species could be affected by <i>Bsal</i>. Given the unknown vulnerability of these species, we strongly recommend measures to avoid the introduction of <i>Bsal</i> in the continent.</p>
Raster layers of prioritisation analyses for current and future conditions based on phylogenetic diversity of Neotropical palms
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Palms are an ecologically and societally important plant group, with high diversity in the Neotropics. Here, we estimated the impacts of future climate change on phylogenetic diversity (PD) of Neotropical palms under varying climatic and dispersal scenarios, assessed the effectiveness of the established network of protected areas (PAs) for conserving palms PD today and in 2070, and identified priority areas for the conservation of palm species and their evolutionary history in the face of climate change.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Neotropics.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used ecological niche modelling to estimate the distribution of 367 species in the present and for 2070 based on two greenhouse gas emission and two dispersal scenarios. We calculated Faith's PD within each five arc-minute grid cell to evaluate the effectiveness of PAs relative to null models and used phylogenetic spatial prioritisation analysis to detect priority areas.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that even under the most optimistic climatic and dispersal scenarios, the established network of PAs performed poorly in safeguarding palms PD under both current conditions and those projected for 2070. Significant losses in PD inside PAs are expected under future climate conditions, especially if species are unable to disperse to suitable areas. Nevertheless, a modest and strategic increase in the number of PAs could considerably improve the protection of palms PD in the present and 2070.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The PD of Neotropical palms is poorly represented within the established network of PAs, at both present and in 2070. A higher realised dispersal rates would diminish PD losses inside the network of PAs. The conservation of palm PD can be improved through the expansion of PAs in strategic regions such as the upper portion of the Amazon Basin, Tropical Andes, and Mesoamerica.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia
FIGURE 1. Sites of sampling the material in Colombia (Meta Department, Puerto Lopez).
Supplementary material 1 from: Nesheim KC, Masner L, Johnson NF (2017) The Phanuromyia galeata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity. ZooKeys 663: 71-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11554
Occurrences : Explanation note: Label data for specimens used in study.
Figures 43-48 from: Nesheim KC, Masner L, Johnson NF (2017) The Phanuromyia galeata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity. ZooKeys 663: 71-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11554
Figures 43-48 - Phanuromyia galerita ♀ (OSUC 550202), 43 Lateral habitus 44 Dorsal habitus 45 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 46 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 47 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 48 Mouthparts, ventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
Figures 37-42 from: Nesheim KC, Masner L, Johnson NF (2017) The Phanuromyia galeata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity. ZooKeys 663: 71-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11554
Figures 37-42 - Phanuromyia galeata ♀ (OSUC 555798), 37 Dorsal habitus 38 Lateral habitus 39 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 40 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 41 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 42 Frons, anteroventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
Figures 31-36 from: Nesheim KC, Masner L, Johnson NF (2017) The Phanuromyia galeata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity. ZooKeys 663: 71-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11554
Figures 31-36 - Phanuromyia dissidens ♀ (OSUC 149412), 31 Lateral habitus 32 Dorsal habitus 33 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 34 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 35 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 36 Frons, anteroventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
Figures 25-30 from: Nesheim KC, Masner L, Johnson NF (2017) The Phanuromyia galeata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity. ZooKeys 663: 71-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11554
Figures 25-30 - Phanuromyia cudo ♀ (OSUC 550006), 25 Lateral habitus 26 Dorsal habitus 27 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 28 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 29 Head, anteroventral view 30 T1–T2, lateral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.