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opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Liu C, Groff T, Anderson E, Brown C, Cahill Jr JF, Paulow L, Bennett JA (2023) Effects of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant community structure are altered by management history. NeoBiota 81: 157-182. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.89450

Supplemental information and results from Groff Liu et al. Management efffects on leafy spurge invasion impacts

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Effects of food plants on life-history traits of the newly invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

Background:The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) has invaded Jiangxi Province, Southeast China for the past three years. Although the FAW displays a wide host range, its main host plants in Jiangxi Province is field corn. Understanding the population dynamics of the FAW on different host plants is critical for developing an appropriate control strategy. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of food plants (corn, peanut, soybean and sugarcane) on life-history traits of FAW and tested the leaf contents of the total flavonoids, reducing sugars, sucrose and C/N ratio of these host plants. Results: We found that the FAW fed on corn leaves exhibited significantly shorter larval and pupal development times, larger body weight, higher growth rate, lower weight loss, smaller sexual size dimorphism, shorter preoviposition period and higher fecundity than those fed on peanut, soybean and sugarcane leaves. The FAW showed a protogyny phenomenon because the pupal development stage was significantly longer in males than females. Food plants changed the relationships between larval development time and pupal weight and between fecundity and longevity. The corn leaves showed significantly higher contents of reducing sugars and sucrose, lower content of the total flavonoids and a moderate C/N ratio compared with the other leaves, suggesting that the corn leaf tissues are more nutritious. Conclusions: Our results provide the most comprehensive information about the life-history traits of this newly invasive pest. These findings may help us understand why the FAW mainly infests corn plants and may be critical for the development of strategies to predict infestation levels.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Rapid evolutionary tradeoffs between resistance to herbivory and tolerance to abiotic stress in an invasive plant

The datatset was collected from field survey, common garden experiments and lab experiments. All data analyses were performed in R 4.1.3 (R Development Core Team 2021) and SPSS 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Somers, NY, USA). The effects of re-association history (infested vs. uninfested; 0-, 9-, 13-, 17-year-reassociation) on insect bioassays (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of O. communa), plant assays including biomass ratio, MDA change rate and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and leaf chemical assays (concentrations of tannin, lignin, CGA, two individual flavonol derivates, nitrogen and carbon) were estimated using general linear mixed models (LMMs) in R, with reassociation history as a fixed factor and population (nested within reassociation history) as a random factor.  For all these data, we also separately assessed correlations with the duration of re-association with the specialist natural enemy (the number of re-association years, i.e., 0, 9, 13, 17) at the individual level using Spearman correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. To analyze the correlation between insect traits (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of O. communa) and leaf defensive chemicals (i.e., tannin and lignin), we calculated the mean value of each index at the population level for each of the four re-association durations and used Pearson correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. The same procedure was followed for analyzing the correlation between drought stress tolerance and concentrations of leaf antioxidant chemicals. In addition, for the widely targeted metabolic data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R to visualize the sample distributions.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Data from: Trait-based effects of plant invasion on floral resources, hoverflies and bees

1. Plant invasions can lead to homogeneous communities with decreased functional diversity. However, invasive plants, with various morphological and phenological traits, may drive pollinator communities in a less predictable, more complex way. They can promote pollinators compatible with their floral traits while leaving others without foraging resources. 2. Our observational study on 10 invasive herbaceous species applied a trait-based approach to investigate plant invasion-driven changes in floral resources, hoverfly, and bee communities. We sampled invaded and non-invaded (control) sites before and during the flowering of the invasive plants. We analysed the differences in floral traits between invasive and native plants, functional diversity, and trait distributions of flower and pollinator communities between the invaded and control sites. 3. Five invasive plant species differed from natives in floral traits. Plant invasion caused species-specific changes in functional diversity and trait distributions of communities. For instance, invaded sites had a decreased functional diversity of hoverflies before flowering of invasive species, and larger hoverflies during flowering of invasive species compared with control sites. Smaller bees were associated with invasive plants with shallow flowers, while larger and long-tongued bees were associated with two invasive species with restricted floral access. 4. Similar to previous studies, pollinator traits showed mixed or neutral responses to plant invasion. This is probably due to the high integration capability of invasive plants into plant-pollinator systems, or limitations in sampling, trait resolution, and unrevealed environmental factors. We provide recommendations for future studies to better understand the trait-based community composition of flowering plants and pollinators.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Data from: Geographic variation of litter chemistry and palatability in an invasive plant versus its native competitor

Aim: Latitudinal variation in biotic interactions is recognized as a driver underlying variation in plant invasion success and therefore an important issue in conservation biogeography. However, previous studies have mainly focused on interactions between living plants and herbivores, whereas litter traits and detritivory have been hardly studied along latitude or compared between native and invasive plants. Our aim was to compare latitudinal variation in leaf-litter chemistry and palatability to detritivores between invasive and native plants, and investigate which chemical traits determine detritivory and whether they are climate-driven. Location: China. Taxa: Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, Porcellio laevis, Chiromantes dehaani. Methods: We combined field surveys with laboratory experiments to compare latitudinal variation in litter chemistry between the widespread invasive Spartina alterniflora and its native competitor Phragmites australis across their co-occurring range (20.9–40.7°N, ~2200km). For both species, we examined litter palatability to two common detritivores (Porcellio laevis and Chiromantes dehaani) along the same latitude. We also analyzed relationships among climate, litter traits, and detritivory. Results: In five out of nine litter traits, we found latitudinal clines, with little difference between the two plant species in how they responded across the gradient. Litter palatability decreased with increasing latitude, but was generally higher in Spartina than Phragmites. Two key litter traits (C:P ratio and flavonoid content) were significantly associated with temperature of origin and with detritivory. Main conclusions: There were geographic clines in litter traits and palatability, with strong links between climate, litter chemistry and detritivory, in both Spartina and Phragmites. Spartina litter, however, was more rapidly decomposed by detritivores, which could create positive feedbacks, and contribute to the successful Spartina invasion along China's coast. Future ecological restoration projects should therefore dispose Spartina plant tissue or litter off-site, to reduce the competitiveness of Spartina and support the conservation of native Phragmites.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Süle G, Miholcsa Z, Molnár C, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Fenesi A, Bauer N, Szigeti V (2023) Escape from the garden: spreading, effects and traits of a new risky invasive ornamental plant (Gaillardia aristata Pursh). NeoBiota 83: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.83.97325

The results of mixed models analysing the effects of the invasion and the coverage of Gaillardia aristata on the species richness, Shannon diversity and the height of local vegetation

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Trade-off between dispersal traits in a heterocarpic plant across its invasion route

Dispersal ability can vary across plant species or populations, such as among core compared to leading populations of invasive plants. However, in heterocarpic plants, which produce propagules with varying dispersal abilities, dispersal potential can also increase via investment in the proportion of dispersing morphs (termed dispersal rate). Nevertheless, very little is known about the interplay between investment in dispersing structures vs. dispersal rate or how each is affected by varying environmental pressures. Methods This study examined the interplay between investment in dispersing structures and dispersal rate across the invasion route of the heterocarpic plant Heterotheca subaxillaris. H. subaxillaris's capitula were collected from eight populations along its invasion route in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal plain. The dispersal ability of dispersing pappus-bearing achenes was measured as the ratio between their pappus width and biomass. The dispersal rate was calculated as the ratio between the number of dispersing achenes and total achenes per capitulum. Key Results The dispersal ability of the dispersing achenes and dispersal rate were found to be negatively correlated across H. subaxillaris' populations, with a greater investment in pappus length in populations at the leading edge of the invasion compared to a greater number of dispersing achenes in core populations. Conclusions Our results suggest a trade-off might exist between dispersal ability and dispersal rate, which could change along the invasion route of heterocarpic plants such as H. subaxillaris and contribute to their invasive success. This study highlights the importance of examining both dispersal traits when studying the dispersal potential of heterocarpic species.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Origin and genetic variability of populations of the invasive plant Rumex alpinus L. in the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains

Monk's rhubarb, Rumex alpinus L. (R. alpinus), is a perennial plant native to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. Currently, the distribution of R. alpinus has been partly affected by its utilization as a vegetable and a medicinal herb. In the mountains of the Czech Republic, it is considered an invasive plant, probably introduced into the Krkonoše Mountains by colonists from the Alps. This study's main aim was to verify whether R. alpinus was introduced into the Krkonoše Mountains by alpine colonists or whether it was anthropogenically introduced from the Carpathians. Furthermore, the genetic structure of native and introduced populations of R. alpinus was determined. For the evaluation of genetic structure, 417 samples of R. alpinus were collected from the Alps, Carpathians, Balkan, Pyrenees, and Czech Mountains. In total, 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied. The results of AMOVA showed a high 60% variation within populations, 27% variation among groups, and 13% among the population within groups. The overall unbiased gene diversity was high (ĥ = 0.55). The higher level of genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.35; p < 0.01) indicated restricted gene flow between populations. Compared to native populations, limited genetic variability was observed in the nonnative populations. It was concluded that local adaptation, low gene exchange, and genetic drift affected the genetic diversity of nonnative R. alpinus. The results support a genetic link between Alpine and Czech genotypes of R. alpinus, while the Carpathians genotypes corresponded to the Balkan genotype.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data for: Reproductive strategies of native plant populations altered by a plant invasion

Invasive plant transformers substantially change the abiotic environment of invaded ecosystems and thus habitat suitability to resident species. Post-invasion environmental alteration can also modify the selective pressure acting on native plants. Here, I explored whether the decrease in light availability due to an invasion of Heracleum mantegazzianum drives evolution of reproductive strategies of Veronica chamaedrys, a perennial plant combining sexual and clonal reproduction. Using a common garden experiment with plant material of V. chamaedrys from 23 sites with distinct invasion history and light conditions, I searched for changes in reproductive allocation. I also asked whether evolution of the two modes can be constrained by the genetic trade-off between them. Furthermore, the phenotypic trade-off between the two modes was explored in a field experiment. I found that invaded populations increased investments in clonal reproduction, a shift that was driven by decreased light availability, particularly in the early invasion phases. However, as light availability rebounded in the more advanced phases of invasion, so decreased allocation to clonal structures. In terms of relative allocation, increased investment in ramets was paralleled by reduced seed production, and the changes were underpinned by genetic trade-off. Finally, the phenotypic trade-off was demonstrated in the field experiment by showing that plants producing more ramets were also less likely to flower. These results suggest that an exotic plant invasion can drive evolution of reproductive allocation, here observed on a timescale of tens of years. This knowledge is important not only to predict long-term invasion impacts but also, more generally, to provide novel insights into the process of adaptation of plants to changing abiotic conditions.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Galán Díaz J, de la Riva EG, Martín-Forés I, Vilà M (2023) Which features at home make a plant prone to become invasive? NeoBiota 86: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.104039

Species list, references accessed during bibliographic research, phylogenetic inference used in the analyses, PCA of climatic variables, and results of linear regressions

Supplementary material 5 from: Maher J, Stringham OC, Moncayo S, Wood L, Lassaline CR, Virtue J, Cassey P (2023) Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia. NeoBiota 87: 45-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.87.104472

Distribution of the mean difference in price for declared plant taxa between prohibited and permitted jurisdictions

Supplementary material 3 from: Maher J, Stringham OC, Moncayo S, Wood L, Lassaline CR, Virtue J, Cassey P (2023) Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia. NeoBiota 87: 45-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.87.104472

List of search term exceptions used to remove the majority of false positives in target sample dataset

Supplementary material 7 from: Maher J, Stringham OC, Moncayo S, Wood L, Lassaline CR, Virtue J, Cassey P (2023) Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia. NeoBiota 87: 45-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.87.104472

The number of observations for plant taxa prohibited to trade (i.e., declared plants) that were advertised with uses by traders

Supplementary material 4 from: Maher J, Stringham OC, Moncayo S, Wood L, Lassaline CR, Virtue J, Cassey P (2023) Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia. NeoBiota 87: 45-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.87.104472

The price of plants advertised online in Australia from a random sample of 625 advertisements from each jurisdiction

Supplementary material 6 from: Maher J, Stringham OC, Moncayo S, Wood L, Lassaline CR, Virtue J, Cassey P (2023) Weed wide web: characterising illegal online trade of invasive plants in Australia. NeoBiota 87: 45-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.87.104472

Total number of detections for invasive plants which are prohibited to trade in at least one Australian jurisdictions